Deck 16: Emotion

Question 1

An emotion has four components.Which of the following is not one of the four?

A) appraisal of a stimulus
B) subjective feeling
C) observable behavior
D) unconscious motives

Answer 1

unconscious motives

Question 2

During a study of emotion in children,one of the subjects starts singing a song.She sings,"If you're happy and you know it,clap your hands ...if you're happy and you know it,clap your hands." You comment in your notes that "subjects decision whether or not to clap their hands was based upon their:

A) appraisal of a stimuli."
B) processing of information."
C) physiological responses."
D) subjective experiences."

Answer 2

subjective experiences."

Question 3

The ____ explain(s)the steps in emotions by focusing on how we interpret situations.

A) social learning theory of emotions
B) affective neuroscience approach
C) peripheral theories of emotion
D) cognitive appraisal theories of emotion

Answer 3

cognitive appraisal theories of emotion

Question 4

In which component of emotion might we experience fear,happiness,or disgust?

A) having subjective feelings
B) experiencing a physiological response
C) a change in heart rate and breathing
D) interpreting or appraising some stimulus

Question 5

The subjective feelings of an emotion follow our interpretations or appraisals of the stimulus according to the:

A) social learning theory of emotions
B) affective neuroscience approach
C) peripheral theories of emotion
D) cognitive appraisal theories of emotion

Question 6

Of the following,which question has most intrigued psychologists studying emotion?

A) Do people attempt to interpret the stimulus?
B) In what order do the components occur?
C) What are the physiological responses in emotions?
D) Do we show observable behaviors in emotions?

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of the physiological component of emotion?

A) increased heart rate
B) raising one's fist in victory
C) feeling happy
D) punching a pillow out of frustration

Question 8

As you get ready for the professor to pass back your graded test,you experience the emotion of anxiety.Using the definition of emotion presented in your textbook,which one of the following is incorrect?

A) subjective experience or feeling-anxiety
B) overt behavior-tapping your pencil
C) physiological response-heart rate is rapid
D) appraising the stimulus-if you do poorly on this exam, you won't make the Dean's Honor List

Question 9

You are playing a card game with your friends.You don't know if one of them is about to win,because of his poker face.Which of the following components of an emotion does poker face best illustrate?

A) appraising a stimulus
B) subjective feeling
C) overt behavior
D) physiological responses

Question 10

What is the best example of stimulus appraisal in the story on the shark attack that opens the chapter?

A) Bethany's parasympathetic division becomes activated.
B) Bethany shows fearful behavior, such as frantic swimming.
C) Bethany interprets the shark as a threat to her well-being.
D) Bethany's heart rate and breathing rapidly increase.

Question 11

Dr.Campbell is an affective neuroscientist.Which of the following journal articles is she most likely to have written?

A) The role of the superego in experiencing emotion
B) Social learning and the expression of emotion
C) The unconscious effect on emotions
D) The role of the brain's circuits on expressing emotion

Question 12

Dr.Arkin has developed a theory to explain emotions,which focuses on how emotions result from changes in the body.Dr.Arkin's theory would be considered a(n):

A) cognitive appraisal theory
B) arousal theory
C) peripheral theory
D) feedback theory

Question 13

In which component of emotion might someone have a "poker face?"

A) stimulus appraisal
B) subjective feeling
C) physiological responses
D) overt behavior

Question 14

In explaining the steps in emotions,____ emphasize(s)our body's physiological changes that lead to subjective feelings.

A) social learning theory of emotions
B) central theory of emotions
C) peripheral theories of emotion
D) cognitive appraisal theories of emotion

Question 15

Theories of emotions tend to fit into three categories.What are the names of the categories?

A) peripheral theories, cognitive appraisal theories, and affective neuroscience
B) central theories, social learning theories, and Freudian theory
C) peripheral theories, central theories, and humanistic theories
D) behavioral theories, cognitive appraisal theories, and peripheral theories

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of the observable behavior component of emotion?

A) increased heart rate
B) raising one's fist in victory
C) feeling happy
D) increased body temperature

Question 17

An emotion is a feeling made up of:

A) anger, fear, or happiness
B) having a subjective feeling and objectively learned behavioral responses
C) appraising a stimulus, having a subjective feeling, physiological responses, and overt behavior
D) facial expressions that convey social signals, social needs, and physiological responses

Question 18

Dr.Catson has developed a theory to explain emotions,which focuses on how emotions result from the interpretations we make of the stimulus.Dr.Catson's theory would be considered a(n):

A) cognitive appraisal theory
B) arousal theory
C) peripheral theory
D) feedback theory

Question 19

Peripheral is to ____ as cognitive appraisal is to ____.

A) learning; innate
B) brain; emotion
C) side; interpretation
D) physiological; interpretation

Question 20

Marcus is appraising a stimulus,having a subjective feeling,experiencing physiological responses,and showing overt behavior.Marcus is experiencing:

A) guilt
B) an emotion
C) an attribution
D) a nervous breakdown

Question 21

The facial feedback theory emphasizes the ____ component of emotion.

A) behavioral
B) physiological
C) cognitive
D) active

Question 22

According to the James-Lange theory,each specific pattern of physiological responses is associated with a:

A) situation
B) facial expression
C) specific emotion
D) specific situation

Question 23

According to research,physiological changes may ____ the intensity of emotional experiences.

A) increase
B) decrease
C) stabilize
D) mask

Question 24

Which of the following is a criticism of the James-Lange theory of emotions?

A) People with severed spinal cords still experience emotions.
B) The theory is too cognitive to be explanatory.
C) Researchers agree that emotions cannot occur without physiological arousal.
D) Physiological arousal does not increase the intensity of emotions.

Question 25

The sequence of components for emotion according to the James-Lange theory is:

A) emotional feeling, physiological changes, interpretation of changes, overt behavior
B) facial muscles change, interpretation of changes, overt behavior, emotional feeling
C) physiological changes, interpretation of changes, emotional feeling, overt behavior
D) physiological changes, overt behavior, interpret cues, emotional feeling

Question 26

The James-Lange theory of emotion has been criticized on the grounds that some emotions:

A) have no physiological component
B) are purely physical
C) require much interpretation or appraisal of the situation
D) are not experienced by individuals with injured spinal cords

Question 27

According to the James-Lange theory,experiencing emotion starts with:

A) changes in facial muscles
B) a show of observable behavior
C) the brain interpreting stimulus
D) physiological changes

Question 28

If you were designing a website designed to explain the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion,which of the following would be the best domain name?

A) www.facialfeedback.edu
B) www.universal.ca
C) www.endocrineactivate.com
D) www.inthebrain.org

Question 29

The idea that different patterns of physiological arousal result in feeling different emotions is known as the ____ of emotion.

A) James-Lange theory
B) cognitive theory
C) behavioral theory
D) facial feedback theory

Question 30

The research indicates that while the James-Lange theory seems incorrect,physiological changes may:

A) cause positive emotions
B) cause emotions
C) increase the intensity of emotions
D) decrease the intensity of emotions

Question 31

Which of the following theories suggests that emotions originate in the brain,and are not the result of physiological responses?

A) The James-Lange theory
B) The Cannon-Bard theory
C) The Schachter-Singer theory
D) The Lazarus and Plutchik theory

Question 32

The James-Lange theory emphasizes the ____ component of emotion.

A) behavioral
B) physiological
C) cognitive
D) active

Question 33

You read in an article that,"If you see a bear you are frightened because your heart is pounding,rather than your heart is pounding because you are frightened." You recognize this statement as describing the:

A) Schachter-Singer theory
B) cognitive appraisal theory
C) facial feedback theory
D) James-Lange theory

Question 34

The James-Lange theory would predict that people with a severed spinal cord at the neck would experience:

A) little or no emotion
B) an intensifying of emotion
C) the same type and intensity of emotion as those with intact spinal cords
D) continuing feedback of physiological responses

Question 35

If William James of the James-Lange theory was here talking to you as you're taking the test,he would say:

A) "You're anxious because you're taking a very important test."
B) "You're anxious because you're sweating and have a rapid heart rate."
C) "You're anxious because this is a hard test."
D) "You're anxious because you interpret this situation as anxiety-provoking."

Question 36

If Charles Darwin of the facial feedback theory was here talking to you as you're taking the test,he would say:

A) "You're anxious because you're taking a very important test."
B) "You're anxious because you're sweating and have a rapid heart rate."
C) "You're anxious because you're biting your lower lip."
D) "You're anxious because you interpret this situation as anxiety-provoking."

Question 37

Professor Akbari is presenting a lecture on emotions.He presents the idea that your facial muscles provide input to your brain.Then he assigns a short paper to everyone to read on the theory.What is the most likely title of the short paper?

A) The Role of Appraisal in Emotions
B) Affective-Primary Theory: An Examination
C) Emotions Explained by the Facial Feedback Theory
D) Thinking Before Feeling: Cognitive-Appraisal Theory

Question 38

According to the ____,the reason why you feel fear when seeing a shark is because you have experienced a specific pattern of physiological responses that your brain recognizes as fear.

A) James-Lange theory
B) cognitive theory
C) behavioral theory
D) facial feedback theory

Question 39

One criticism of the James-Lange theory of emotion is that:

A) sometimes we feel emotions and we are not aroused physiologically at all
B) not everyone is aroused the same way by a given emotional experience
C) even single-cell organisms experience emotion
D) different emotions do not necessarily have distinct physiological patterns

Question 40

Charles Darwin was the originator of the explanation of emotion currently known as:

A) James-Lange theory
B) cognitive theory
C) facial feedback theory
D) behavioral theory

Question 41

Those subjects who were given epinephrine (blindly)and were later put in a happy situation reported feeling happy.Why?

A) Subjects interpreted their arousal by examining their situation, and concluded they were happy because of the situation.
B) They were smiling.
C) Their specific pattern of physiological arousal was interpreted as happiness.
D) Their facial feedback was consistent with the emotional feeling of happiness.

Question 42

The song "Put on a Happy Face" implies that if we smile,we'll begin to feel happy.Which explanation of emotion does this idea support?

A) James-Lange theory
B) cognitive theory
C) behavioral theory
D) facial feedback theory

Question 43

Some recent research on the effect of facial expressions on emotional experience has concluded that:

A) we can initiate emotional experience with appropriate facial expression
B) laughter relieves depression because of what our face is doing
C) facial expressions are learned and therefore do not reflect emotional arousal
D) facial expressions contribute to but do not initiate emotional experience

Question 44

Which of the following is a revision in Schachter and Singer's cognitive theory?

A) a stimulus causes physiological arousal
B) physiological arousal creates the need for some kind of explanation
C) an individual's appraisal of the situational cues results in the experience of an emotion
D) emotions may occur without any thought or awareness

Question 45

Schachter and Singer's theory emphasizes the ____ component of emotion.

A) behavioral
B) physiological
C) cognitive
D) active

Question 46

According to Schachter and Singer's cognitive theory of emotion,the experience of happiness would depend on the:

A) context in which one was physiologically aroused
B) nature of the physiological arousal
C) strength of the physiological arousal
D) duration of the physiological arousal

Question 47

The importance of the Schachter and Singer study was to show that:

A) appraisal of the stimulus occurs after behavior changes
B) physiology plays an insignificant role in emotion
C) cognitive factors could trigger and give rise to emotional feelings
D) facial muscles trigger emotional feelings

Question 48

The term "poker face" describes a person's ability to hold a very good hand in a card game without letting other players know it by his facial expression.According to the facial feedback theory,the "poker-faced" player will:

A) probably be tensing muscles other than those on the face
B) be doing a much poorer job at hiding his emotions than he or she thinks
C) find the game more exciting
D) find the game less exciting

Question 49

Which names are most associated with the cognitive appraisal theory of emotions?

A) James and Lange
B) Schachter and Singer
C) Darwin and Ekman
D) Yerkes and Dodson

Question 50

Which specialty examines the relationship of emotion and how the brain produces or contributes to emotion?

A) affective neuroscience
B) affective physiology
C) mood dynamics
D) bioaffective psychology

Question 51

The main argument about the role of cognition in emotion seems to be:

A) whether cognition occurs in all emotional experiences
B) if there is a different cognitive experience for each emotion
C) how the frontal lobes interact with the limbic system
D) whether cognition comes before emotion or emotion comes before cognition

Question 52

The cognitive appraisal theory of emotion stresses the importance of:

A) physiological differences among different emotions
B) labeling an emotion to explain an aroused state
C) facial expressions as causes of emotion
D) other people's reactions to a person's aroused state

Question 53

The sequence of components for emotion according to the facial feedback theory is:

A) emotional feeling, facial muscles change, interpretation of changes, overt behavior, emotional feeling again
B) facial muscles change, interpretation of changes, overt behavior, emotional feeling
C) physiological changes, interpretation of changes, emotional feeling, overt behavior
D) facial muscles change, interpretation of changes, emotional feeling, overt behavior

Question 54

The research has found that facial feedback:

A) contributes to an emotion
B) leads to specific feelings
C) is an adequate theory that explains how facial muscles produce emotions
D) fails to indicate our general emotional state

Question 55

Schachter and Singer's cognitive theory states that physiological arousal:

A) causes particular emotions to be experienced
B) results from the movements of facial muscles
C) creates the need for an explanation
D) cannot be cognitively appraised

Question 56

The physiological arousal that you experience before taking a test can be interpreted as anxiety or excitement.Which theory would emphasize how your interpretation of this arousal impacts the emotion you feel?

A) cognitive appraisal theory
B) James-Lange theory
C) facial feedback theory
D) Cannon-Bard theory

Question 57

If the facial feedback theory is correct,what should we expect when people smile for no apparent reason?

A) It depends on what the person's emotional state was before smiling.
B) Nothing, since there is no situation to interpret why the person is smiling.
C) Nothing, since there is no corresponding physiological change.
D) They should report feeling happy.

Question 58

The sequence of components for emotion according to the cognitive-appraisal theory of emotion is:

A) stimulus, interpretation, bodily response, emotional feeling
B) stimulus, interpretation, emotional feeling, bodily response
C) stimulus, emotional feeling, interpret, bodily response
D) stimulus, emotional feeling, bodily response, interpret

Question 59

The sequence of components for emotion according to the Schachter-Singer cognitive theory of emotion is:

A) emotional feeling, facial muscles change, interpret cues, overt behavior, emotional feeling again
B) facial muscles change, interpret cues, overt behavior, emotional feeling
C) stimulus, interpretation of stimulus, emotional feeling, overt behavior
D) physiological arousal, emotional feeling, interpret cues, overt behavior

Question 60

The facial feedback theory argues that ____ from the muscles of the face and skin are interpreted as ____ by your brain.

A) feedback; emotional feelings
B) biological byproducts; anger
C) feedback; physiological changes
D) emotional feelings; physiological changes

Question 61

When noticing an emotional stimulus,what is the fastest pathway of neural activity?

A) eyes, amygdala, visual cortex
B) eyes, thalamus, amygdala
C) eyes, visual cortex, thalamus
D) eyes, thalamus, visual cortex, thalamus

Question 62

Which of these is not generally considered an emotional expression recognized across cultures?

A) frustration
B) happiness
C) surprise
D) sadness

Question 63

Which part of the brain is especially active when viewing facial expressions of fear?

A) hippocampus
B) amygdala
C) thalamus
D) visual cortex

Question 64

Universal emotions refer to a(n)____ number of specific ____ that signal feelings or emotional states.

A) inherited; verbalizations
B) learned; facial expressions
C) large; hand gestures
D) inherited; facial expressions

Question 65

Matt has problems controlling his emotions.From the affective neuroscience perspective,why might that be the case?

A) His levels of norepinephrine are out of balance.
B) His prefrontal cortex is not working properly.
C) The thalamus is not sending information properly to his visual cortex.
D) Unconscious motives are responsible for his lack of control.

Question 66

Which of the following statements would be the most likely outcome if your amygdala is damaged?

A) your ability to produce speech would be impaired
B) your ability to understand language would be affected
C) you might ignore important emotional cues in the environment
D) you would be unable to display facial expressions

Question 67

You are writing an article for the local newspaper on the amygdala and its role in emotion.What would be a catchy and accurate title for your article?

A) "Your Amygdala: The Major Relay Station of the Brain"
B) "The Amygdala: Unconscious Motives and Conflicts"
C) "Amygdala: The Reward Center?"
D) "Amygdala: Is That Person Friend or Foe?"

Question 68

The module describes four unique qualities of emotions.Which of the following is not among those four qualities?

A) Some emotions are hard wired in the brain.
B) Emotions impact our cognitive functioning.
C) Emotions are not influenced by one's culture.
D) Emotions are expressed in stereotypic ways.

Question 69

Imagine that the parts of the brain can speak.As you look at a black widow spider coming towards you,which part would say,"It's my responsibility to determine if a stimulus has positive or negative emotional significance"?

A) Broca's area
B) hippocampus
C) thalamus
D) amygdala

Question 70

"Look over there.It's a poisonous snake!" your friend yells as the two of you are hiking.What is the pathway of neural activity?

A) eyes, amygdala, visual cortex
B) eyes, thalamus, amygdala
C) eyes, visual cortex, thalamus
D) eyes, thalamus, visual cortex, thalamus

Question 71

"I remember when a dog chased me up a tree.I was scared." What brain part was responsible for storing that memory of that fear?

A) amygdala
B) thalamus
C) Wernicke's area
D) hippocampus

Question 72

You're at a baseball stadium watching a game.Suddenly a ball is hit right at you,and you detect the stimulus very quickly.What would affective neuroscientists say about that?

A) The baseball is round and we can detect this shape very fast.
B) The baseball coming right at you represents a potential threat.
C) The baseball represents some unconscious stimulus that symbolizes conflicts experienced in childhood.
D) The baseball is detected very fast because it is moving and not stationary.

Question 73

Duane suffers from social phobia.What area of his brain is especially active,according to research described in the module?

A) thalamus
B) prefrontal cortex
C) visual cortex
D) amygdala

Question 74

A ____ is a universal sign of happiness or friendliness.

A) hand shake
B) wave
C) smile
D) verbal greeting

Question 75

Most people would detect ____ stimuli faster than ____ stimuli,according to affective neuroscience.

A) stationary; moving
B) moving; stationary
C) color; uncolored
D) emotional; unemotional

Question 76

A phobia results from more neural connections from the ____ to the ____,rather than the other way.

A) amygdala; cortex
B) prefrontal cortex; temporal lobe
C) visual cortex; auditory cortex
D) thalamus; hippocampus

Question 77

Most people would detect a ____ faster than a ____.

A) snake; book
B) dog; cat
C) square; circle
D) baseball; football

Question 78

Our emotions are different than other psychological states.What is this difference?

A) Our emotions occur independently of cognitive processes.
B) Our emotions are expressed in stereotypic facial expressions.
C) Our emotions are based solely on biological arousal.
D) Our emotions are more controllable.

Question 79

"I just flew-in from Cincinnati ...boy,are my arms tired." Your ability to remember this joke as funny depends on the ____ remembering the emotional/humorous content.

A) hypothalamus
B) thalamus
C) Wernicke's area
D) amygdala

Question 80

Based on the content in the module,why do emotions influence our decisions?

A) Emotions often are related to unconscious conflicts, and it is these conflicts that influence the decisions we make.
B) Emotions create "neurological confusion" in our memory systems, which then disrupts decision making.
C) The forebrain, which makes decisions, does not have complete control over the limbic system.
D) Emotions release stress hormones that can influence our reasoning ability.