Deck 7: Languages and Religion

Question 1

Which of the following is not found in large numbers on the African continent?

A) Nilo-Sahelian
B) Altaic
C) Niger-Congo
D) Afro-Asiatic
E) Indo-European

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is not a branch of the Indo-European family?

A) Indo-Iranian
B) Germanic
C) Balto-Slavic
D) Romance
E) Dravidian

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The Indo-European family is divided into eight branches. Which of these is the largest of the eight branches?

A) Indo-Aryan
B) Germanic
C) Romance
D) Balto-Slavic
E) Celtic

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Figure 7.4, English-Speaking Countries
Looking at Figure 7.4, in which of the following countries is English neither the official language nor the de facto language?

A) India
B) Canada
C) South Africa
D) Kenya
E) Chad

Question 5

A ________ is a regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.

A) dialect
B) jargon
C) slang
D) street language
E) branch

Question 6

________ of a language are people for whom the language is their first language

A) Native speakers
B) Language speakers
C) Dialect speakers
D) Proficient speakers
E) Language family

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true of languages?

A) Language is a system of communication through speech.
B) Language is a collection of sounds that a group of people understands to have the same meaning
C) All languages have a literary tradition, or a system of written communication
D) Approximately 85 languages are spoken by at least 10 million people
E) About 304 languages are spoken by between 1 million and 10 million people

Question 8

A(n) ________ such as Basque in Europe, is a language unrelated to any other and therefore not attached to any language family.

A) isolated language
B) dead language
C) confining language
D) diffusing language
E) lingua franca

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a revived language?

A) Hebrew
B) Basque
C) Swahili
D) Arabic
E) Dravidian

Question 10

Which of the following is closer to the actual number of languages in the world today?

A) 500
B) 1000
C) 3000
D) 5000
E) Over 6000

Question 11

Two competing theories have been advanced to explain the origin and diffusion of languages. These are

A) The Babylonian Thesis and the Russian Thesis
B) The War Thesis and the Peace Thesis
C) Mayan Thesis and Inca Thesis
D) The London Thesis and the Washington Thesis
E) The Eastern Thesis and the Western Thesis

Question 12

This is a collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed long before recorded history.

A) Language group
B) Language family
C) Language branch
D) Language sets
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 13

A language of international communication, such as Swahili in East Africa, Hindi in South Asia and Russian in the former Soviet Union is known as the ________.

A) dialect
B) slang
C) official language
D) lingua franca
E) branch

Question 14

Which of the following is true of a language group?

A) It is a collection of languages within a family related through a common ancestral language that existed several thousand years ago
B) It is a collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed long before recorded history
C) It is a group of people for whom the language is their first language.
D) It is a collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary
E) No language group has fewer than 4 billion speakers

Question 15

Thousands of languages are ________. These were once in use, even in the recent past but are no longer spoken or read in daily activities by anyone in the world.

A) endangered
B) extinct
C) lingua franca
D) dialects
E) none of the above

Question 16

The primary language family found in most of Mexico, the U.S. and Southern Canada is

A) Dravidian
B) Altaic
C) Indo-European
D) Khoisan
E) Austronesian

Question 17

English is an official language in ________, more than any other language, and is the predominant language in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

A) 21 countries
B) 36 countries
C) 54 countries
D) 76 countries
E) 88 countries

Question 18

Figure 7.4, English-Speaking Countries
Looking at Figure 7.4, in which of the following countries is English NOT the official language?

A) The USA
B) Canada
C) South Africa
D) Nigeria
E) Ethiopia

Question 19

The world's leading lingua franca is

A) French
B) German
C) Chinese
D) English
E) Spanish

Question 20

Which of the following is predominantly found in East Asia?

A) Sino-Tibetan
B) Altaic
C) Dravidian
D) Afro-Asiatic
E) Austronesian

Question 21

Figure 7.4, English-Speaking Countries
Which of the following languages is becoming increasingly important in the United State as a result of large-scale immigration from Latin America?

A) Portuguese
B) English
C) Spanish
D) French
E) Chinese

Question 22

Belgium's language boundary sharply divides the country into two regions. What are the two languages spoken in these two regions?

A) French and Walloons
B) French and Flemish
C) Italian and German
D) Dutch and German
E) Italian and Dutch

Question 23

This faith has built houses of worship or temples in every continent to specifically dramatize that their faith is a universalizing religion with adherents all over the world.

A) Bahá'í
B) Islam
C) Buddhism
D) Sikhism
E) Hinduism

Question 24

This region of South Asia is considered the home and origin of Sikhism.

A) Afghanistan
B) Kashmir
C) Punjab
D) Jammu
E) Jallalabad

Question 25

Figure 7.7.1, Distribution of Religions
Which of the following is an accurate definition of a sect?

A) A large and fundamental division within a religion
B) A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body
C) A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination
D) A group of people who owe their allegiance to no one
E) Men who dress up in funny clothes and like to sing songs to an open flame with no set ideology

Question 26

Figure 7.7.1, Distribution of Religions
Which of the following is NOT one of East and South Asia's ethnic religions?

A) Bahá'í
B) Shintoism
C) Daoism
D) Confucianism
E) Hinduism

Question 27

Figure 7.7.1, Distribution of Religions
The founder of Buddhism is ________ who was born about 563 B.C. in Lumbinī, in present-day Nepal.

A) Sidhartha Gautama
B) Mahatma Gandhi
C) Ahmed Ghulam
D) Muhammad ibn Abdallah
E) Guru Namak

Question 28

Figure 7.7.1, Distribution of Religions
Looking at Figure 7.7.1, which of the following is not prominent in East Asia?

A) Chinese ethnic
B) nonreligious
C) Buddhism
D) Sunni Islam
E) Hinduism

Question 29

Which of the following religions is NOT considered a universalizing religion?

A) Buddhism
B) Islam
C) Christianity
D) Judaism
E) Sikhism

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT true of the mosque?

A) It is a place for community assembly
B) It usually includes one or more minarets or towers
C) It is usually organized around a central courtyard
D) The pulpit is placed at the end of the courtyard facing Makkah
E) A minaret or tower is where a man known as an Imam leads the worshippers in prayer

Question 31

Figure 7.4, English-Speaking Countries
In which of the following countries are French and English the official languages?

A) Canada
B) Mexico
C) Australia
D) France
E) Ivory Coast

Question 32

This religion has nearly 400 million adherents, mainly in China and Southeast Asia.

A) Hinduism
B) Buddhism
C) Bahá'í
D) Shintoism
E) Taosm

Question 33

Which of the following is an ethnic religion?

A) Judaism
B) Islam
C) Christianity
D) Buddhism
E) Sikhism

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT one of the four official languages of Switzerland?

A) German
B) French
C) Italian
D) Romansh
E) English

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT associated with Islam?

A) The prophet Muhammad was a descendent of Ishmael, who was the son of Abraham and Hagar
B) The Quran is a record of God's words, as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through Gabriel
C) The prophet Muhammad was born in Makkah (Mecca) in 570 AD
D) At age 11, while engaged in a meditative retreat, Muhammad received his first revelation from God
E) When he died in 632, Muhammad was buried in Madinah

Question 36

In the first 100 years of its existence, the main way of expansion and spread of Islam was:

A) war
B) migration
C) revelation
D) the crusades
E) none of the above

Question 37

Which of the following are adherents to the two main branches of Islam?

A) Bahá'ís and Sikhism
B) Sunnis and Shi'ites
C) Muslims and Mohammedans
D) Arabs and Ahmediyans
E) Caliphs and Sufis

Question 38

Figure 7.7.1, Distribution of Religions
Looking at Figure 7.7.1, which of the following is the predominant branch of Christianity found in the southeastern US?

A) Catholicism
B) Protestantism
C) Eastern Orthodoxy
D) Bahá'í
E) None of the above

Question 39

Christianity first diffused from its hearth in Southwest Asia through:

A) war
B) migration
C) revelation
D) the crusades
E) none of the above

Question 40

A(n) ________ is defined as a language that results from the mixing of the colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated

A) lingua franca
B) vernacular
C) creole
D) universal language
E) esperanto

Question 41

French has become an increasingly important language in the United States because of large-scale immigration from Latin America.

Question 42

Currently, language experts consider about 516 languages as endangered of becoming extinct, although some are being preserved.

Question 43

In Canada, French is spoken mainly in Ontario.

Question 44

A language of international communication, such as English, is known as a lingua franca.

Question 45

A dialect is a regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.

Question 46

Russian is an example of an isolated language and it is unrelated to other language families.

Question 47

Globally, two language families are used by two-thirds of the world.

Question 48

Native speakers are people for whom the language is their first, second or third language.

Question 49

The world's 6,000-plus languages can be classified into families, branches, and groups.

Question 50

Spoken across an 8,000-kilometer (5,000-mile) band of Asia between Turkey and China, the Altaic language family is spoke by the largest number of people in the world.

Question 51

Switzerland has four official languages: German, French, Italian and Romansh.

Question 52

________ was created by the United Nations in 1947 as the only country in the world with a majority Jewish population.

A) Israel
B) Jordan
C) Kuwait
D) Lebanon
E) Luxumbourg

Question 53

Swahili in East Africa and Hindi in South Asia are two examples of lingua francas.

Question 54

The origin and early diffusion of language families predate recorded history.

Question 55

The "peace" thesis on the origin of the Indo-European language family postulates that the first Indo-European speakers may have been the Kurgan people, who lived near the border of present-day Russia and Kazakhstan.

Question 56

A creolized language forms when the colonized group adopts the language of the dominant group but makes some changes, such as simplifying the grammar and adding words from their former language.

Question 57

A language branch is a collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed long before recorded history.

Question 58

A dialect is defined as a language that results from the mixing of the colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.

Question 59

The major events in the development of ________ as an ethnic religion took place in Palestine/Israel, and the religion's customs and rituals acquire meaning from the agricultural life of the ancient Hebrew tribe.

A) Islam
B) Judaism
C) Bahá'í
D) Sikhism
E) Eastern Orthodoxy

Question 60

Indo-Iranian is the largest of the the Indo-European family of languages.

Question 61

In Nigeria, Hausa,Yoruba, and Igbo are spoken by approximately 30 percent each, and the remaining 10 percent of the population use one of the other 490 languages.

Question 62

Most people in Central and South America are Roman Catholics.

Question 63

With 1.3 billion followers, Islam is the world largest religion.

Question 64

Unlike universalizing religions, Hindus generally practice cremation rather than burial.

Question 65

Christianity first diffused from its hearth in North Africa through migration.

Question 66

In Africa, about 12 per cent of the people practice Animism, another name for traditional ethnic religions.

Question 67

The cosmogony underlying Chinese ethnic religions, such as Confucianism and Daoism, is that the universe is made up of two forces, yin and yang, which exist in everything.

Question 68

Hindus account for more than 80 percent of the population of India and Nepal.

Question 69

Bahá'í diffused to other regions during the late nineteenth century, under the leadership of 'Abdu'l-Baha, son of the prophet Baha' u' llah.

Question 70

The holiest places in Islam are in cities associated with the life of the Prophet Muhammad.

Question 71

With nearly 400 million adherents, Hinduism is mainly in China and Southeast Asia.

Question 72

Muhammad's successors organized followers into armies that extended the region of Muslim control over an extensive area of Africa, Asia, and Europe.

Question 73

In Belgium, language boundary sharply divides the country into two regions: Southern Belgians speak French and northern Belgians speak Flemish.

Question 74

Jerusalem is especially holy to Jews as the location of the Temple, their center of worship in ancient times.

Question 75

The challenge facing Jews and Muslims is that al-Aqsa was built on the site of the ruins of the Jewish Second Temple.

Question 76

Muslims regard Jerusalem as one of their holy cities, because it is the place from which Muhammad is thought to have ascended to heaven.

Question 77

The three universalizing religions with the largest number of adherents are Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism.

Question 78

Hinduism does not have a central authority or a single holy book, so each adherent selects suitable rituals.

Question 79

A branch of religion is a large and fundamental division within a religion.

Question 80

Christians consider Saudi Arabia the Holy Land and Jerusalem the Holy City because the major events in Jesus' life, death, and Resurrection were concentrated there.