Deck 11: Motivating for High Performance

Question 1

The performance formula is performance = _________________________________________.

A)motivation + ability + resources
B)effort x ability x resources
C)motivation x ability x resources
D)motivation x effort x talent

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Sarah spends two hours a day for a week preparing for an exam.Her friend, Dinesh, only prepares for three hours the night before the exam and always has a grade at least 8 points higher.In which component of performance might Dinesh be considered stronger than Sarah?

A)Motivation
B)Ability
C)Performance
D)Skills

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The first step in the motivation process is __________.

A)need
B)behavior
C)motive
D)satisfaction or dissatisfaction

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Saad has been a manager at Revel Consulting for the past five years.As the business has grown, Saad has taken on more and more responsibilities and is now at the point where he is working on over 10 projects every quarter.Saad's supervisor, Vance, wants Saad to hire two assistant managers to aid Saad in managing projects; however, while Saad agrees that he is becoming overwhelmed, he fears that additional employees will make completing the projects more difficult, which makes him hesitant to agree with Vance's plan.Saad appears to be stuck at which step of the motivational process?

A)Need
B)Motive
C)Satisfaction or dissatisfaction
D)Feedback

Question 5

There is a special project division at Empire Consulting in which teams select which projects the teams wants to pursue rather than simply being assigned a project by the manager.At their monthly meeting, the team is trying to decide between whether to take on a project regarding infrastructure budgeting or whether they should focus on employee performance levels companywide.Which part of motivational effort is primarily being assessed in the meeting?

A)Initiation of effort
B)Direction of effort
C)Persistence of effort
D)Intensity of effort

Question 6

Gerson has all the skills to be a great manager but he lacks the desire to be anything more than a regular employee.Which factor contributes the most to Gerson's low performance?

A)Motivation
B)Ability
C)Resources
D)Skills

Question 7

Arshdeep is studying for his Principles of Management final when he asks himself, "Why am I even doing this?" This is a problem with which component of performance?

A)Motivation
B)Ability
C)Resources
D)Skills

Question 8

Managers' expectations of employees can impact the employees' motivation.This is called ______.

A)motivation process
B)Pygmalion effect
C)performance formula
D)leadership

Question 9

Motivation is ______________.

A)the need to achieve organization objectives
B)the willingness to achieve organization objectives
C)the process of achieving organization objectives
D)the consequence of achieving organization objectives

Question 10

Which of the following is not a major class of motivation theory?

A)Content motivation theories
B)Internal motivation theories
C)Process motivation theories
D)Reinforcement theories

Question 11

What are the three parts of effort?

A)Initiation of effort, motivation of effort, and direction of effort
B)Motivation of effort, direction of effort, and process of effort
C)Initiation of effort, direction of effort, and persistence of effort
D)Initiation of effort, persistence of effort, and correction of effort

Question 12

The idea that employees are motivated by motivators rather than by maintenance factors belongs to which motivational theory?

A)Hierarchy of needs theory
B)ERG theory
C)Two-factor theory
D)Acquired needs theory

Question 13

Saad has been a manager at Revel Consulting for the past five years.As the business has grown, Saad has taken on more and more responsibilities and is now at the point where he is working on over 10 projects every quarter.Saad has asked his supervisor, Vance, to hire two assistant managers to aid in completing the projects, but Vance doesn't agree that extra help is necessary at this point.Vance appears to be stuck at which step of the motivational process?

A)Need
B)Motive
C)Satisfaction or dissatisfaction
D)Feedback

Question 14

____________________ focus on understanding how employees choose behaviors to fulfill their needs.

A)Process motivation theories
B)Content motivation theories
C)Reinforcement theories
D)Internal motivation theories

Question 15

Hierarchy of needs theory is one of the ______________.

A)process motivation theories
B)content motivation theories
C)reinforcement theories
D)internal motivation theories

Question 16

What does initiation of effort refer to?

A)How much effort to exert
B)Where to put the effort
C)How long effort will persist
D)What type of effort to engage in

Question 17

Which of the following is not one of the five needs in the hierarchy of needs theory of motivation?

A)Social needs
B)Safety needs
C)Intrinsic needs
D)Esteem needs

Question 18

Your ability is ___________________________.

A)what you are good at doing
B)what you like to do
C)what you decide to do
D)what you use to get things done

Question 19

___________________ propose that the consequences of their behavior will motivate employees to behave in predetermined ways.

A)Process motivation theories
B)Content motivation theories
C)Reinforcement theories
D)Internal motivation theories

Question 20

Clayton Alderfer agreed with Maslow that __________.

A)unsatisfied needs motivate individuals
B)people have five levels of needs
C)people's needs are arranged in order of importance from basic to complex
D)people will not be motivated to satisfy a higher-level need unless the lower-level needs have been satisfied

Question 21

____________ is a theory that proposes that employees are motivated when their perceived inputs equal outputs.

A)Equity theory
B)Reinforcement theory
C)Goal-setting theory
D)Expectancy theory

Question 22

Which theory holds that needs are based on personality and are developed and learned as people interact with the environment?

A)Acquired needs theory
B)Hierarchy of needs theory
C)ERG theory
D)Two-factor theory

Question 23

Which theory proposes that motivating employees comes from their needs for achievement, power, and affiliation?

A)Hierarchy of needs theory
B)ERG theory
C)Two-factor theory
D)Acquired needs theory

Question 24

Lance started a new position last year but is having trouble fitting in.Though he likes his job and is doing well at it, he has yet to really get to know his coworkers and is starting to exhibit withdrawal behaviors.He finds himself missing his last job, where he had developed many close relationships with his coworkers.For Lance, which element of the hierarchy of needs is proving problematic?

A)Esteem
B)Social
C)Self-actualization
D)Safety

Question 25

In equity theory, the people we compare ourselves to are called __________.

A)referent individuals
B)relevant others
C)realistic comparators
D)reward contrasts

Question 26

Under equity theory, all of the following would be considered a possible input, except __________.

A)status
B)seniority
C)pay
D)intelligence

Question 27

The maintenance factors of two-factor theory are also called __________.

A)basic motivators
B)low motivators
C)extrinsic motivators
D)intrinsic motivators

Question 28

Jamal wants to hire employees who have a strong desire to achieve high levels of performance.He isn't interested in employees with a high need for power over others or relationships with others.Which of the following theories does Jamal agree mostly with?

A)Hierarchy of needs theory
B)ERG theory
C)Two-factor theory
D)Acquired needs theory

Question 29

Each of the following needs from Maslow's hierarchy of needs is considered to be a maintenance factor under two-factor theory, except __________.

A)safety
B)physiological
C)esteem
D)social

Question 30

Instrumentality is part of the _________ theory.

A)equity theory
B)reinforcement theory
C)goal-setting theory
D)expectancy theory

Question 31

Job enrichment is most closely related to which motivational theory?

A)Hierarchy of needs
B)Acquired needs theory
C)Two-factor theory
D)Reinforcement theory

Question 32

Maslow's physiological and safety needs fall under which needs category of the ERG theory of motivation?

A)Existence
B)Relatedness
C)Growth
D)ERG theory does not include physiological and safety needs.

Question 33

Which of the following is classified as a way organizations satisfy safety needs, according to the hierarchy of needs theory?

A)Food
B)Shelter
C)Love
D)Insurance

Question 34

In terms of acquired needs theory, managers tend to have __________.

A)High n Pow, high n Ach, high n Aff
B)High n Pow, high n Ach, low n Aff
C)High n Pow, low n Ach, high n Aff
D)High n Pow, low n Ach, low n Aff

Question 35

Maslow's physiological and safety needs fall under which needs category of the acquired needs theory of motivation?

A)Achievement
B)Power
C)Affiliation
D)Acquired needs theory does not include physiological and safety needs.

Question 36

Due to increased competition, Yvonne's company, Caramel Industries, has announced that they will be making a workforce reduction.Yvonne recently bought a house and is worried that she will be part of the reduction.For Yvonne, which element of the hierarchy of needs is not being met?

A)Social
B)Esteem
C)Self-actualization
D)Safety

Question 37

After working at Caramel Industries for 10 years, Blair has decided to return to college to earn a master's of science in management, which is something she's felt she was meant to do for some time now.For Blair, which element of the hierarchy of needs explains her decision?

A)Esteem
B)Social
C)Self-actualization
D)Safety

Question 38

The motivators of two-factor theory are also called __________.

A)extrinsic motivators
B)intrinsic motivators
C)advanced motivators
D)high-level motivators

Question 39

When motivating using equity theory, managers should be aware that equity is based on __________.

A)values
B)beliefs
C)attitudes
D)perceptions

Question 40

Under equity theory, all of the following would be considered a possible output, except __________.

A)effort
B)praise
C)recognition
D)benefits

Question 41

Who created the formula for the expectancy theory?

A)B.F.Skinner
B)David McClelland
C)Victor Vroom
D)J.Stacy Adams

Question 42

The __________ theory proposes that the consequences of employees' behavior will motivate employees to behave in predetermined ways.

A)equity theory
B)reinforcement theory
C)goal-setting theory
D)expectancy theory

Question 43

How does positive reinforcement become extinction?

A)Positive reinforcement cannot become extinction.
B)When a desirable action is not rewarded
C)When the reward loses its value
D)When a third party receives an unforeseen negative consequence

Question 44

The most researched approach to work motivation is __________.

A)acquired needs theory
B)equity theory
C)goal-setting theory
D)reinforcement theory

Question 45

Roger wants to motivate his employees by offering each the reward they most value for the accomplishment of a task they are confident they can complete.Which theory is Roger applying?

A)Equity theory
B)Reinforcement theory
C)ERG theory
D)Expectancy theory

Question 46

When reinforcement is based on output, it is called _______________.

A)interval
B)intermittent
C)quantitative
D)ratio

Question 47

Process motivation theories focus on ___________.

A)identifying and understanding employees' needs
B)understanding how employees choose behaviors to fulfill their needs
C)understanding how consequences of employee behavior will motivate them to behave in predetermined ways
D)understanding how employees learn their needs over time

Question 48

The idea that achievable but difficult goals motivate employees is central to ____________.

A)expectancy theory
B)goal-setting theory
C)ERG theory
D)equity theory

Question 49

__________ refers to the value a person places on the outcome of a situation.

A)Expectancy
B)Equity
C)Instrumentality
D)Valence

Question 50

__________ refers to the perception of the relationship between performance and the outcome.

A)Expectancy
B)Equity
C)Instrumentality
D)Valence

Question 51

What are the two types of schedules that one can have with intermittent reinforcement?

A)Interval and output
B)Interval and ratio
C)Chronological and output
D)Chronological and ratio

Question 52

Sally always drives with her seat belt on.She knows that if she does not wear it, she will be pulled over.This is an example of _________________.

A)positive reinforcement
B)avoidance reinforcement
C)punishment reinforcement
D)extinction reinforcement

Question 53

When the reinforcement is based on the passage of time, it is called _____________.

A)chronological
B)ratio
C)interval
D)intermittent

Question 54

The four types of reinforcement are _______________.

A)valence, coercive, neutral, and inconsistent
B)reward, negative, absolute, and indirect
C)positive, avoidance, punishment, and extinction
D)direct, negative, punishment, and indirect

Question 55

When training employees, which form of reinforcement generally works better than punishment?

A)Positive
B)Avoidance
C)Negative
D)Extinction

Question 56

Avoidance reinforcement can also be called?

A)Nonrepetitive reinforcement
B)Coercive reinforcement
C)Negative reinforcement
D)Positive reinforcement

Question 57

__________ refers to the person's perception of his or her ability to accomplish an objective.

A)Expectancy
B)Equity
C)Instrumentality
D)Valence

Question 58

The two schedules of reinforcement are __________.

A)continuous and discontinuous
B)steady and intermittent
C)steady and discontinuous
D)continuous and intermittent

Question 59

Operant conditioning is another name for __________.

A)equity theory
B)expectancy theory
C)goal-setting theory
D)reinforcement theory

Question 60

How many of the four types of reinforcement encourage desirable behavior?

A)One
B)Two
C)Three
D)Four

Question 61

Which of the motivation theories splits the fifth step of the motivation process into two separate continuums?

A)ERG theory
B)Two-factor theory
C)Equity theory
D)Acquired needs theory

Question 62

Compared to other motivation theories, __________ holds up fairly well cross-culturally because it is flexible.

A)expectancy theory
B)ERG theory
C)two-factor theory
D)acquired needs theory

Question 63

When giving an employee praise, where should you start?

A)Encourage repeat performance.
B)Tell the employee how the organization benefits from their behavior.
C)Stop for a moment of silence.
D)Tell the employee what they did correctly.

Question 64

In which country is McClelland's need for achievement more predominant than elsewhere?

A)Norway
B)Sweden
C)United States
D)Greece

Question 65

Each of the following is a pay for performance approach, except __________.

A)flexible spending accounts
B)bonuses
C)profit sharing
D)stock options

Question 66

Jim is a manager at a local retail store.Currently, his employees receive pay checks weekly.Jim is thinking about changing this to biweekly pay checks and incorporating quarterly bonuses based on individual employee sales totals.If he proceeds, Jim would be making what kind of changes?

A)Continuing fixed interval schedule and starting fixed ratio schedule
B)Stopping fixed interval schedule and starting fixed ratio schedule
C)Continuing fixed interval schedule and starting variable ratio schedule
D)Stopping variable interval schedule and starting fixed ratio schedule

Question 67

All the following are individualistic societies, except ____________.

A)Singapore
B)Great Britain
C)Canada
D)Australia

Question 68

Content motivation theories answer which question?

A)How do employees choose behavior to fulfill their needs?
B)What needs do employees have that should be met on the job?
C)What can managers do to get employees to behave in ways that meet the organizational objectives?
D)What can employees do to improve the company?

Question 69

Motivation is the need to achieve organizational objectives.

Question 70

Reinforcement theory answers which question?

A)How do employees choose behavior to fulfill their needs?
B)What needs do employees have that should be met on the job?
C)What can managers do to get employees to behave in ways that meet the organizational objectives?
D)What can employees do to improve the company?

Question 71

Henry Ford once said, "If you believe you can or believe you can't, you are right." This quote is an illustration of the self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 72

__________ intelligence includes cognitive, motivational, and behavioral dimensions of multicultural competence.

A)Worldly
B)Global
C)Cultural
D)Societal

Question 73

Julietta has recently started a new position as an attorney at a busy immigration law firm.During her first few weeks, Julietta's senior partner sent her an e-mail congratulating her on each person she helped to achieve citizenship.Which type of reinforcement would best describe the e-mail?

A)Positive
B)Negative
C)Avoidance
D)Extinction

Question 74

Content motivation theories focus on understanding how employees choose behaviors to fulfill their needs.

Question 75

The motivation process is a feedback loop.

Question 76

During which step of the giving praise process should you stop for a moment of silence?

A)Step 1
B)Step 2
C)Step 3
D)Step 4

Question 77

During which step of the giving praise process should you tell the employee why the behavior is important?

A)Step 1
B)Step 2
C)Step 3
D)Step 4

Question 78

There is no single universally accepted theory of how to motivate people.

Question 79

__________ are generally more interested in working for socially responsible companies and are even willing to take lower salaries with companies with good corporate social responsibility (CSR) reputations.

A)Generation X
B)Millennials
C)Baby Boomers
D)Traditionalists

Question 80

Process motivation theories answer which question?

A)How do employees choose behavior to fulfill their needs?
B)What needs do employees have that should be met on the job?
C)What can managers do to get employees to behave in ways that meet the organizational objectives?
D)What can employees do to improve the company?