Deck 16: Civil Rights

Question 1

Segregation imposed by law is known as ___________ segregation.

A)de facto
B)restrictive covenant
C)discriminatory
D)de jure
E)None of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Strict scrutiny is a

A)standard developed by the courts to test the constitutionality of a law; when applied, a law is constitutional as long as it meets a reasonable government interest.
B)test that has been applied when a law classifies based on sex; to be upheld, the law must meet an important government interest.
C)clause in the Fourteenth Amendment that forbids any state to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
D)clause in the Fifth Amendment Prohibiting state governments from depriving any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.
E)test applied by the court when a classification is based on race; the government must show that there is a compelling reason for the law and no other less restrictive way to meet the interest.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

In Plessy v.Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court endorsed the view that racial segregation did NOT constitute discrimination if

A)there was no intent to discriminate.
B)it was a private act rather than an act of government.
C)equal accommodations were provided for the members of both races.
D)it was a result of de facto segregation.
E)All of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Native Americans have the most successful history of integrating into mainstream America.

Question 5

An example of a quasi-suspect class that requires heightened scrutiny is

A)race.
B)age.
C)disability.
D)gender.
E)ethnicity.

Question 6

A massive social, economic, and political movement focused on eliminating discrimination began on December 1, 1955 when ____________________ refused to give up her seat to a white man on a bus as the law required her to do.

A)Rosa Parks
B)Jane Sullivan
C)Margaret Banks
D)Connie Simmons
E)Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Question 7

Slavery was abolished and African Americans' equal rights and voting rights were granted by the _____ Amendments.

A)Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth
B)Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth
C)Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth
D)Twelfth and Sixteenth
E)Fourth, Sixth, and Ninth

Question 8

In Smith v.Allwright the court deemed what unconstitutional?

A)Literacy tests
B)Poll taxes
C)White primaries
D)Unfair registration requirements
E)All of the above

Question 9

Strict scrutiny is a test that has been applied when a law classifies based on sex; to be upheld, the law must meet an important government interest.

Question 10

Dual citizenship refers to having citizenship from more than one country.

Question 11

The Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka ruling found racial segregation in schools violated the

A)due process clause of the Tenth Amendment.
B)equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
C)equal protection clause of the Tenth Amendment.
D)due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
E)due process clause of the Fifth Amendment.

Question 12

Wyoming was the first state to

A)give women the right to vote.
B)desegregate schools.
C)pass a civil disobedience mandate.
D)provide health facilities for Native Americans.
E)ban white primaries.

Question 13

During ________________, African Americans began to migrate to northern cities to seek jobs in war factories.

A)World War I
B)World War II
C)the Civil War
D)the Industrial Revolution
E)the Great Depression

Question 14

The women's rights movement was originally aligned with the abolition movement.

Question 15

Literacy tests and poll taxes were mechanisms to keep what minority from voting?

A)Asians
B)Mexicans
C)Native Americans
D)African Americans
E)All of the above

Question 16

Rights that are explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the Constitution are referred to as

A)human rights.
B)civil rights.
C)protected rights.
D)fundamental rights.
E)Both A and B

Question 17

In University of California Regents v.Bakke (1978), the Supreme Court ruled what unconstitutional?

A)Creating quotas
B)Admitting students based on sexual orientation
C)Only admitting students in the top 10% of their class
D)Requiring SAT scores for admission
E)Taking race into account when admitting students

Question 18

Naturalization requires new citizens to swear to support and defend the Constitution.

Question 19

Upon passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, women

A)received equal pay.
B)put an end to legal discrimination.
C)received equal rights.
D)got the right to vote.
E)were allowed to own land.

Question 20

Naturalized citizens are NOT required to demonstrate that they

A)are of good moral character.
B)are able to speak and write English.
C)know the principles of U.S.government.
D)have a sponsoring family.
E)None of the above

Question 21

All of the following are naturalization requirements EXCEPT what?

A)Be over age 21
B)Be lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence and have resided in the United States for at least five years and in the state for at least six months
C)File a petition of naturalization with a clerk of a court of record (federal or state) verified by two witnesses
D)Be able to read, write, and speak English
E)Possess a good moral character

Question 22

Remedial actions designed to overcome the effects of discrimination against women and minorities is known as affirmative action.

Question 23

The basic right of citizenship was NOT given constitutional protection until _______________.

A)1868
B)1820
C)1955
D)1979
E)1900

Question 24

Our most important rights primarily flow from what type of citizenship?

A)Local
B)State
C)County
D)National
E)Town

Question 25

____________ is remedial action designed to overcome the effects of discrimination against minorities and women.

A)Social Security
B)Repatriation
C)Affirmative action
D)Civil Rights
E)Naturalization

Question 26

Aliens do NOT have the right to

A)a jury trial.
B)vote.
C)freedom of religion.
D)attend school.
E)emergency medical care.

Question 27

What act authorized the president to detain and expel citizens of a country with whom we are at war?

A)Enemy Alien Act of 1798
B)Sedition Act of 1900
C)Terrorism Act of 2004
D)Patriot Act of 2001
E)None of the above

Question 28

Although the equal protection clause only applies to states, the federal government interprets the due process clause as imposing the same restraints on the national government as the equal protection clause imposes on states.

Question 29

The Supreme Court has declared all affirmative action programs in the United States unconstitutional.

Question 30

According to the Constitution, local governments have most of the power to regulate elections.

Question 31

___________ refer to the rights of all people to be free from irrational discrimination such as that based on race, religion, gender, or ethnic origin.

A)Natural rights
B)Civil liberties
C)Affirmative actions
D)Civil rights
E)Naturalizations

Question 32

Naturalization requires new citizens to do all of the following EXCEPT

A)be able to read, write, and speak English.
B)swear to support and defend the Constitution.
C)promise to bear arms on behalf of the United States when required by law.
D)agree to never renounce their new citizenship.
E)All of the above are required

Question 33

___________, as understood in the Fourteenth Amendment, means the place a person calls home.

A)Homestead
B)Dwellings
C)Hovels
D)Residences
E)Housing

Question 34

Which of the following is a factor that underlies inequality?

A)Wealth
B)Race
C)Sexual orientation
D)Gender
E)All of the above

Question 35

Residence, as understood in which amendment, means the place a person calls home?

A)Fourteenth
B)Fifteenth
C)Nineteenth
D)Fifth
E)Eight

Question 36

An owner may refuse to sell or rent to a person based on physical handicap.

Question 37

Civil rights issues deal with whether or not certain classifications of people are treated equally by government.Which of the following group of individuals does NOT fall into this classification scheme?

A)African Americans
B)Women
C)Gays
D)Republicans
E)All of the above fit the scheme

Question 38

The right to renounce one's citizenship is called

A)expatriation.
B)naturalization.
C)renunciation.
D)abdication.
E)retaliation.

Question 39

What are we referring to when we speak of rights of all people to dignity and worth?

A)Natural rights
B)Civil liberties
C)Affirmative action
D)Civil Rights
E)Naturalization

Question 40

Which of the following rights and privileges may be restricted in their application to aliens in the United States?

A)Religion
B)Welfare
C)Emergency medical care
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 41

All of the following are true about Native Americans EXCEPT

A)there are about 2 million people who designate themselves as Native Americans in census figures.
B)there is great diversity among and between Native American groups.
C)about 90% of Native Americans live on reservations.
D)states are precluded from taxing and regulating the tribes or extending state jurisdiction of their courts over the tribes unless authorized to do so by Congress.
E)discrimination of the Native Americans continued as government programs tried to assimilate them to American culture.

Question 42

Half of all Hispanic Americans live in the two U.S.states of

A)California and Texas.
B)New York and Louisiana.
C)Florida and New Mexico.
D)Michigan and Arizona.
E)California and Florida.

Question 43

A(n) ________ is a tract of land given to the Native American tribal nations by treaty.

A)allotment
B)reservation
C)preserve
D)forest preserve
E)national park

Question 44

The term Asian American describes approximately _________ people from many different countries and ethnic backgrounds.

A)15 million
B)30 million
C)10 million
D)20 million
E)25 million

Question 45

During World War II, many citizens of which group were interned in prison camps?

A)African Americans
B)German Americans
C)Jewish Americans
D)Japanese Americans
E)Native Americans

Question 46

What landmark ruling prohibited racially segregated public schools and subsequently struck down most of the devices that state and local authorities had used to keep African Americans from voting?

A)Boumediene v.Bush
B)Gitlow v.New York
C)Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka
D)Romer v.Evans
E)Griswold v.Connecticut

Question 47

The 1994 California proposition that proposed a ban on medical, educational, and social services to illegal immigrants was named

A)Proposition 11.
B)Proposition 13.
C)Proposition 200.
D)Proposition 187.
E)Proposition 128.

Question 48

Women won the right to vote with the ratification of what amendment?

A)Sixteenth
B)Thirteenth
C)Nineteenth
D)Fifteenth
E)Fourteenth

Question 49

In the 1930s, African Americans resorted to which of these strategies to secure their rights?

A)Violence
B)Litigation
C)Public appeal
D)Persuasion
E)Prayer

Question 50

As a result of the northern victory in the American Civil War, what amendments became part of the Constitution?

A)Fourteenth and Fifteenth
B)Tenth, Eleventh, and Fourteenth
C)Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth
D)Tenth and Eleventh
E)All of the above

Question 51

Problems of Native Americans include all of the following EXCEPT

A)alcoholism.
B)lack of adequate health care facilities.
C)poverty.
D)diabetes.
E)inability to vote in state and federal elections.

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT true of members of the Hispanic population in the United States?

A)Most speak only Spanish
B)They live primarily in California and Texas
C)Their political influence is not proportionate to their numbers
D)They have experienced discrimination in employment, housing, education and access to public accommodations
E)None of the above.All are true of the Hispanic population in the United States.

Question 53

Which state was the first to give women the right to vote?

A)New York
B)California
C)Wyoming
D)Kansas
E)Iowa

Question 54

In 2001 what state became the first big state to have a white minority?

A)Texas
B)Nevada
C)New Mexico
D)California
E)Louisiana

Question 55

Nearly one-third of Filipino Americans live in

A)New York.
B)Texas.
C)California.
D)Florida.
E)Arizona.

Question 56

The civil rights movement produced which charismatic leader during the Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott of 1955?

A)James Baldwin
B)Dr.Martin Luther King, Jr.
C)Dick Gregory
D)Jesse Jackson
E)Malcolm X

Question 57

The first Asians to come to the United States in significant numbers were

A)Chinese.
B)Japanese.
C)Koreans.
D)Vietnamese.
E)A and B

Question 58

During World War I (1914-1918), who began to migrate to northern cities to seek jobs in war factories?

A)Women
B)Chinese
C)Mexicans
D)African Americans
E)Farmers

Question 59

The famous "I Have a Dream" speech was delivered by which of the following civil rights activists?

A)Dr.Martin Luther King, Jr.
B)Ralph Abernathy
C)Jesse Jackson
D)Clarence Thomas
E)Malcolm X

Question 60

Overt discrimination against the Japanese in the early part of this century included

A)exclusion from labor organizations.
B)exclusion from neighborhood schools.
C)laws that denied the Japanese the right to own land
D)None of the above
E)All of the above

Question 61

The restraints of equal protection apply to

A)private individuals as well as governments.
B)actions of governments, not private individuals.
C)to commercial activities of large corporations.
D)actions of the federal government only.
E)All of the above

Question 62

The heightened scrutiny test is applied to cases in which what kind of discrimination is alleged?

A)Racial
B)Age
C)Sexual orientation
D)Gender
E)Religion

Question 63

The equal protection clause that forbids states from denying any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws is stated in what amendment?

A)Sixteenth
B)Thirteenth
C)Nineteenth
D)Fifteenth
E)Fourteenth

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a guideline used by the Supreme Court to apply the equal protection clause to legislation?

A)Separate but equal test
B)Rational basis test
C)Suspect classification test
D)Strict scrutiny test
E)Heightened scrutiny test

Question 65

_____________ is a test that has been applied when a law classifies based on sex; to be upheld, the law must meet an important government interest.

A)Rational basis
B)Strict scrutiny
C)Heightened scrutiny
D)Suspect class
E)Legitimate basis

Question 66

When it is believed that a law treats people differently because of their race, national origin, or religion, the courts treat the case under the test of

A)rational basis.
B)strict scrutiny.
C)heightened scrutiny.
D)suspect class.
E)legitimate basis.

Question 67

Which of the following statements is (are) FALSE with regard to equal rights in the United States?

A)Disadvantaged Americans have had to struggle for equal rights.
B)In legal terms, Americans have attained equal protection under the law.
C)Minorities in America only receive a small share of America's opportunities.
D)Minorities receive their fair share of opportunities in America.
E)All of the above are correct

Question 68

Rational basis is a

A)standard developed by the courts to test the constitutionality of a law; when applied, a law is constitutional as long as it meets a reasonable government interest.
B)test that has been applied when a law classifies based on sex; to be upheld, the law must meet an important government interest.
C)clause in the Fourteenth Amendment that forbids any state to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law.
D)clause in the Fifth Amendment Prohibiting state governments from depriving any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.
E)test applied by the court when a classification is based on race; the government must show that there is a compelling reason for the law and no other less restrictive way to meet the interest.

Question 69

In which amendment is the due process clause found?

A)Second
B)Third
C)Fourth
D)Fifth
E)First

Question 70

According to Table 16-2 the Civil Rights Act of 1957

A)makes it a federal crime to prevent persons from voting in federal elections.
B)bars discrimination in employment or in public accommodations on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
C)authorizes the appointment of federal examiners to register voters in areas with a history of discrimination.
D)prohibits job discrimination against workers or job applicants aged 40 through 65 and prohibits mandatory retirement.
E)prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, or national origin in the sale or rental of most housing.

Question 71

Heightened scrutiny is a

A)standard developed by the courts to test the constitutionality of a law; when applied, a law is constitutional as long as it meets a reasonable government interest.
B)test that has been applied when a law classifies based on sex; to be upheld, the law must meet an important government interest.
C)clause in the Fourteenth Amendment that forbids any state to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law.
D)clause in the Fifth Amendment prohibiting state governments from depriving any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.
E)test applied by the court when a classification is based on race; the government must show that there is a compelling reason for the law and no other less restrictive way to meet the interest.

Question 72

By interpretation, what amendment forbids the national government to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws?

A)First
B)Fifth
C)Nineteenth
D)Fifteenth
E)Fourteenth

Question 73

Which one of the following is unconstitutional as an age classification?

A)Driver licenses may not be issued to those under 16.
B)Alcohol may not be sold to those persons under 21.
C)A state policeman is retired at age 55.
D)An applicant for a teaching position (age 57) is rejected on the basis of age.
E)None of the above

Question 74

Which standard was developed by the courts to test the constitutionality of a law that differentiates based on age?

A)Rational basis test
B)Due process test
C)Equal protection test
D)Strict scrutiny test
E)Habeas corpus test

Question 75

According to Table 16-2 the Age Discrimination in Employment Act 1967

A)makes it a federal crime to prevent persons from voting in federal elections.
B)bars discrimination in employment or in public accommodations on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
C)authorizes the appointment of federal examiners to register voters in areas with a history of discrimination.
D)prohibits job discrimination against workers or job applicants aged 40 through 65 and prohibits mandatory retirement.
E)prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, or national origin in the sale or rental of most housing.

Question 76

According to Table 16-2 the Civil Rights Act of 1964

A)makes it a federal crime to prevent persons from voting in federal elections.
B)bars discrimination in employment or in public accommodations on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
C)authorizes the appointment of federal examiners to register voters in areas with a history of discrimination.
D)prohibits job discrimination against workers or job applicants aged 40 through 65 and prohibits mandatory retirement.
E)prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, or national origin in the sale or rental of most housing.

Question 77

Which particular amendment's equal protection clause is only one of the legal bases for civil rights protections in the United States?

A)Sixteenth
B)Thirteenth
C)Nineteenth
D)Fifteenth
E)Fourteenth

Question 78

Fundamental rights refer to

A)human rights.
B)civil rights.
C)protected rights.
D)rights explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the Constitution.
E)Both A and B

Question 79

_____________ is a test applied by the court when a classification is based on race; the government must show that there is a compelling reason for the law and no other less restrictive way to meet the interest.

A)Rational basis
B)Strict scrutiny
C)Heightened scrutiny
D)Suspect class
E)Legitimate basis

Question 80

Which amendment prohibits state governments from depriving any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law?

A)Fourteenth
B)Thirteenth
C)Fourth
D)Fifth
E)First