Deck 14: Nutrition and Physical Fitness

Question 1

The phrase that best describes the term energy is:

A) metabolic activity.
B) foods with macronutrients.
C) the body's ability to do work.
D) a feeling of exuberance.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The term that refers to maximum oxygen uptake or aerobic capacity is:

A) hitting the wall.
B) VO2 max.
C) muscle fatigue.
D) CO2 max.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The basic compound that supplies energy to body cells is:

A) myosin.
B) adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
C) glycogen.
D) acetyl coenzyme A (CoA).

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The smallest muscle fiber bundles responsible for muscle contraction are known as:

A) fasciculi.
B) myofilaments.
C) reticulum.
D) myofibrils.

Question 5

The body systems that contribute to the ability to supply cells with necessary oxygen are:

A) neural and cerebral.
B) renal and circulatory.
C) endocrine and digestive.
D) cardiovascular and pulmonary.

Question 6

The most important determinant of a person's aerobic capacity is:

A) overall health.
B) body weight.
C) degree of fitness.
D) age.

Question 7

For the body to maintain a moderate level of steady exercise:

A) ample stores of fat must be available.
B) sufficient oxygen must be available to the cells.
C) the body must metabolize amino acids.
D) the body must use anaerobic metabolism.

Question 8

When the supply of muscle glycogen is exhausted, the condition is called muscle:

A) spasm.
B) contraction.
C) fatigue.
D) relaxation.

Question 9

Exercise improves mental health via production of:

A) estrogen.
B) insulin.
C) endorphins.
D) adrenaline.

Question 10

Essential fat is stored in:

A) metabolically active tissue.
B) reproductive organs.
C) adipose tissue.
D) the brain and cell membranes.

Question 11

A person's aerobic capacity is expressed in terms of:

A) grams per kilogram of body weight.
B) milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute.
C) milligrams of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute.
D) cubic centimeters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight.

Question 12

As exercise continues, the mechanism that controls body temperature is:

A) sweating.
B) dehydration.
C) respiration.
D) homeostasis.

Question 13

Aerobic capacity is the greatest in a person with:

A) a greater proportion of lean body mass to fat.
B) a greater proportion of fat to lean body mass.
C) a greater proportion of essential to storage depot fat.
D) a greater proportion of storage depot to essential fat.

Question 14

The type of metabolism required for exercise that lasts more than 2 minutes is:

A) aerobic.
B) anaerobic.
C) oxidative.
D) endurance.

Question 15

The site responsible for the largest amount of energy production is the:

A) cell cytoplasm.
B) nucleus.
C) mitochondria.
D) myofilaments.

Question 16

The body's short-term energy needs are supplied by:

A) glycogen.
B) fatty acids.
C) oxygen.
D) amino acids.

Question 17

The body's immediate energy needs are supplied by:

A) glucose.
B) ATP.
C) acetyl CoA.
D) phosphocreatine.

Question 18

Training and exercise will increase:

A) stroke volume.
B) cardiac rate.
C) blood pressure.
D) arterial volume.

Question 19

With prolonged exercise, two nutrients that can become depleted are:

A) calcium and phosphorus.
B) glucose and glycogen.
C) protein and potassium.
D) vitamins A and D.

Question 20

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart during one beat or contraction is called:

A) stroke volume.
B) cardiac output.
C) cardiac rate.
D) tidal volume.

Question 21

Intake of more protein than is recommended results in increased production of:

A) ATP.
B) heat.
C) urea.
D) carbon dioxide.

Question 22

During the 3-day period before competing in an athletic event, the amount of carbohydrate in an athlete's diet should be:

A) low.
B) moderate.
C) high.
D) consistent.

Question 23

During moderate or vigorous aerobic activity lasting 30 to 60 minutes, the best beverage to consume is:

A) water.
B) sports drinks.
C) fruit juice.
D) energy drinks.

Question 24

Vitamins and minerals are important in energy production because they:

A) supply a necessary substrate.
B) speed up energy production.
C) provide endurance.
D) serve as cofactors in enzyme reactions.

Question 25

Glycogen is stored in the:

A) liver and kidneys.
B) kidneys and heart.
C) muscles and liver.
D) brain and muscles.

Question 26

The nutrient that provides the major energy source during exercise is:

A) protein.
B) fat.
C) carbohydrate.
D) adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Question 27

The percentage of a man's body weight that is composed of essential body fat is:

A) 3% to 5%.
B) 6% to 8%.
C) 10% to 12%.
D) 15% to 18%.

Question 28

A type of exercise that is considered to be aerobic for amateur athletes is:

A) gardening.
B) golf.
C) tennis.
D) bicycling.

Question 29

The percentage of total daily kcalories that should be provided by dietary fat should be:

A) 10% to 12%.
B) 15% to 30%.
C) 20% to 35%.
D) 30% to 40%.

Question 30

The percentage of daily kilocalorie (kcalorie or kcal) intake that should be provided by dietary protein is about:

A) 5% to 10%.
B) 10% to 35%.
C) 20% to 30%.
D) 20% to 50%.

Question 31

Some fat should be included in the diet to:

A) supply linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids.
B) supply sufficient energy for all activities.
C) provide cholesterol for endogenous needs.
D) provide for adequate glycogen stores.

Question 32

The percentage of a woman's body weight that is composed of essential body fat is:

A) 3% to 5%.
B) 10% to 12%.
C) 18% to 21%.
D) 21% to 30%.

Question 33

The contractile proteins in muscles are called:

A) actin and myosin.
B) enzymes and cofactors.
C) contractin and relaxin.
D) adenosine and creatine.

Question 34

Fatty acids are mobilized for energy by:

A) growth hormone.
B) hormone-sensitive lipase.
C) insulin.
D) gastric lipase.

Question 35

An important function of water in exercise physiology is to:

A) neutralize waste products.
B) provide sodium for the extracellular fluid.
C) lubricate the joints.
D) transport heat from the body.

Question 36

Adults should perform moderate-intensity or vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise throughout the week in episodes of at least:

A) 5 minutes.
B) 10 minutes.
C) 20 minutes.
D) 45 minutes.

Question 37

"Sports anemia" in athletes is caused by:

A) increased plasma volume.
B) inadequate intake of iron.
C) amenorrhea.
D) excessive sweating.

Question 38

For moderately active persons, the percentage of total kcalorie intake that should be provided by carbohydrate is about:

A) 25% to 40%.
B) 35% to 55%.
C) 40% to 60%.
D) 45% to 65%.

Question 39

An example of someone who may benefit from a vitamin and mineral supplement is:

A) an elderly man who lifts weights.
B) a female vegan gymnast.
C) a high school football player.
D) a mother of preschoolers who runs marathons.

Question 40

Sports drinks that contain glucose and electrolytes are most beneficial for:

A) sprinters.
B) body builders.
C) endurance athletes.
D) active older adults.

Question 41

A compound that provides a backup source of high-energy phosphate bonds after ATP stores are used up is:

A) glycogen.
B) fatty acids.
C) creatine phosphate.
D) lipoprotein lipase.

Question 42

People with hypertension who exercise are likely to:

A) need less medication.
B) need more medication.
C) develop type 2 diabetes.
D) dehydrate easily.

Question 43

During longer endurance events, the best type of carbohydrate to consume is:

A) starch.
B) glycogen.
C) a disaccharide.
D) glucose.

Question 44

Athletes who eat low-carbohydrate diets may experience:

A) dehydration and ketoacidosis.
B) sports anemia and amenorrhea.
C) kidney failure and fatty liver.
D) high blood pressure and cardiac stress.

Question 45

The ideal pregame meal should contain about:

A) 50 to 100 g carbohydrate.
B) 100 to 200 g carbohydrate.
C) 200 to 300 g carbohydrate.
D) 400 to 500 g carbohydrate.

Question 46

Amenorrhea in female athletes is associated with:

A) poor absorption of iron.
B) loss of lean body mass.
C) low bone density.
D) ketoacidosis.

Question 47

The ion that enters myofibrils and stimulates actin and myosin to shorten the cell (contract) is:

A) iron.
B) calcium.
C) sodium.
D) potassium.

Question 48

Foods and beverages ingested immediately after an endurance event should contain:

A) protein.
B) fat.
C) carbohydrate.
D) fiber.

Question 49

Foods and drugs used to enhance athletic performance are known as:

A) aerobic aids.
B) ergogenic aids.
C) megadose supplements.
D) stimulants.

Question 50

The best way to determine how much fluid must be replaced after exercise is:

A) to determine the amount of weight lost during the workout.
B) to drink according to thirst.
C) to drink 4 fluid ounces for every 15 minutes of exercise.
D) to drink until you need to use the bathroom.