Deck 12: Federalism: State and Community Elites

Question 1

The first major federal money grants to the states began

A) after the Great Depression.
B) with the 1960s Great Society programs.
C) shortly after enactment of the federal income tax.
D) with the Northwest Ordinance in 1787.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The Constitution cannot be amended without the consent of

A) one-half of the states.
B) two-thirds of the states.
C) three-fourths of the states.
D) four-fifths of the states.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The federal government was granted the power to raise money through the income tax by the ______________ Amendment.

A) Thirteenth
B) Fifteenth
C) Sixteenth
D) Twenty-seventh

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Only the ________ has/have the power to amend the U.S. Constitution.

A) Supreme Court
B) states
C) Senate
D) House of Representatives

Question 5

In general, the people believe which level of government is more fiscally responsible and wastes less taxpayer money?

A) State & Local
B) National
C) Federal
D) b and c

Question 6

The Fourteenth Amendment guarantees _____________ to all persons.

A) due process
B) equal opportunity
C) habeas corpus
D) equal access

Question 7

The _____________________ is the basis for the extension of the Bill of Rights to all states.

A) Bill of Rights
B) First Amendment
C) Fourteenth Amendment
D) Equal Rights Act

Question 8

Over time, power has continued to shift to Washington due to

A) a broad interpretation of the "necessary and proper" clause.
B) the establishment of a national system of civil rights.
C) the growth of federal grants-in-aid to state and local governments.
D) all of the above.

Question 9

The federal government expanded its control over states and communities through the use of

A) subsidies.
B) grants-in-aid.
C) general revenue sharing.
D) mandates.

Question 10

Which president expanded the role of the federal government with additional welfare programs and entitlements with his "Great Society"?

A) Johnson
B) Nixon
C) Reagan
D) Clinton

Question 11

Sub-elites are

A) federal government employees.
B) state and local government employees.
C) state and local elites.
D) state and local elected officials.

Question 12

The number of governments in the United States below the federal level is approximately

A) 2,000.
B) 5,000.
C) 10,000.
D) 86,000.

Question 13

The principal instrument of national power in states and communities is

A) social programs.
B) the federal grant-in-aid.
C) the presence of military bases within the state.
D) funded mandates.

Question 14

The ____________ guarantees the states considerable governing power.

A) Supremacy Clause
B) Ninth Amendment
C) necessary and proper clause
D) Tenth Amendment

Question 15

Based on most polls, the people have

A) more confidence and trust in the federal government than in state and local government.
B) more confidence and trust in the state and local governments than in the federal government.
C) the same level of confidence in the federal government as the state and local governments.
D) more confidence in both the federal government and state and local governments.

Question 16

The notion that state and local and federal levels of government have divided powers is ___________.

A) cooperative federalism
B) coercive federalism
C) dual federalism
D) all of the above

Question 17

Decision-making by sub-elites reduces strain on the national political system by

A) promoting national standards.
B) keeping issues out of the national arena.
C) allowing for greater policy variation.
D) preventing national referendums.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a power reserved to the states?

A) The power to coin money
B) The power to tax
C) The power to control over property
D) The power to control over marriage and divorce laws

Question 19

Cooperative federalism describes the

A) clear division of governmental function between the different levels of government.
B) sharing of power between the federal and state government.
C) excessive conflict over power between the federal and state government.
D) reassertion of federal authority.

Question 20

This is used by the federal government to force states to adopt any particular policy by threatening to withhold government funds.

A) dual federalism
B) coercive federalism
C) cooperative federalism
D) picket-fence federalism

Question 21

____________________ is decision-making by state and local elites or sub-elites.

Question 22

Community business elites have been weakened by a

A) nationalization of economic interests.
B) generational change.
C) high tax structure.
D) mass protest movement.

Question 23

State and local elites are called_____________________.

Question 24

Unlike older community elites, new elites tend to be

A) independent entrepreneurs.
B) citizens with an interest in community growth.
C) financially involved in the local economy.
D) elected officials.

Question 25

Examples of populist political reforms include all but which of the following?

A) Direct election of U.S. Senators
B) Primary elections
C) Recall
D) The income tax

Question 26

The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

A) only applied to programs that cost over $1 million.
B) ordered the Congressional Budget Office to investigate the cost of mandates for the federal government.
C) ordered the Congressional Budget Office to calculate the costs of regulation to states.
D) forced states to fund all government mandates.

Question 27

"Growth-management" movements are

A) a result of unionization within a state and local community.
B) a reflection of the upper-middle class lifestyle.
C) more likely to occur when local communities have lower tax rates.
D) in favor of impact fees in order to discourage growth.

Question 28

______________________________ ensures that all states are subject to the federal government and the Constitution as stated in Article 6.

Question 29

Under President Clinton, the Welfare Reform Act of 1996

A) required states to supply most of the funding for entitlement programs.
B) granted greater responsibility to the states by allowing them broad flexibility in determining eligibility for cash aid.
C) ended the federal role in assistance to the TANF program.
D) resulted in higher inflation due to increase unemployment.

Question 30

New local political elites tend to emphasize __________ policies.

A) growth
B) no-growth
C) middle-class
D) economic

Question 31

The states maintained a considerable amount of governing power from the beginning, referred to as ____________________ powers.

Question 32

An example of the reassertion of federalism in the courts is the case involving the

A) Safe Guns in Schools Act.
B) Brady Bunch Bill.
C) Violence Against Women Act.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 33

The device by which citizens can directly alter the laws or the constitution of their state is called the

A) initiative.
B) referendum.
C) recall.
D) voting.

Question 34

Which of the following is an example of a federal mandate?

A) Clean Air Act
B) Americans with Disabilities Act
C) No Child Left Behind Act
D) All of the above are true.

Question 35

The debate over President Obama's Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 involved

A) the question of whether Congress has the power to coerce states by threatening to withhold funds.
B) the question of whether Congress can treat states differently than other employers in regards to health insurance.
C) the question of whether Congress has the power to "make" people buy health insurance.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 36

Voters are less knowledgeable about __________ politics, though they can exercise more direct influence over its policies.

A) state and local
B) national
C) local, but not state
D) international

Question 37

President Reagan's plan for new federalism included the consolidation of categorical grants into

A) grants-in-kind.
B) general revenue sharing.
C) block grants.
D) state specific grants.

Question 38

The powers given explicitly to the federal government under the Constitution are known as the ____________________ powers.

Question 39

Federal grants provide about ________of all state and local government revenue.

A) one-tenth
B) one-quarter
C) one-half
D) three-quarters

Question 40

The "new political elites" seldom have a large financial stake in the community, and

A) they are not local business leaders or bankers.
B) they are not interested in economic growth.
C) they are often opposed to economic development.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 41

The relationship among the federal government and the states is called ________________.

Question 42

All state governments have adopted the same structure as that of the federal government in regards to branches, offices, and powers.

Question 43

The right of Congress to regulate the production and distribution of goods and services for a national market, or those products that cross state lines to be sold, is found under the _________________clause.

Question 44

The majority of Americans believe that state and local governments are more fiscally responsible than the federal government.

Question 45

The ____________________ case in 1985 marks the Supreme Court upholding a federal law that required state and local governments to obey federal wage and hour rules.

Question 46

The broad interpretation of the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution came in the Supreme Court case of ____________________.

Question 47

The federal government uses ____________________ to provide funds to the states specifically for individual programs or projects.

Question 48

Land grants to establish college and universities began in 1862 with the ________________.

Question 49

The mixtures of power, funding, and responsibility that are needed to enact something like Welfare Reform Act can be called_________________ federalism.

Question 50

The Eighteenth Amendment banned the manufacture and sale of ____________________ in the United States, forcing the federal government to regulate an area of life previously under the authority of the states.

Question 51

Civil rights are guaranteed to all persons by the ______________ in the Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 52

The expansion of federal power took advantage of limited state and local revenue during the 1930s based on federal monetary powers.

Question 53

Federal orders to state and local governments that do not provide funding for implementation are said to be ____________________.

Question 54

____________________ are laws and regulations passed by the federal government that require states to perform a particular activity and comply with federal law.

Question 55

The Americans with Disabilities Act is considered an act of coercive federalism.

Question 56

____________________ is the term applied to efforts to return power and responsibility to states and communities.

Question 57

Over history, power in America has shifted from Washington to states and communities.

Question 58

The device by which voters can petition to have a proposed state constitutional amendment placed on the ballot for adoption or rejection is known as the____________________.

Question 59

The ____________________ requires that U.S. Senators be directly elected by the voters, rather than chosen by state legislatures.

Question 60

The California recall of Governor Gray Davis led to the subsequent election of __________________.

Question 61

The Tenth Amendment allows for state sovereignty, meaning that states are protected from certain lawsuits.

Question 62

Explain the roles of the federal government and state and local governments regarding the powers given to each in the Constitution.

Question 63

The Supreme Court ruled in 1999 that states are protected in their own courts from lawsuits in which private parties seek to enforce federal mandates.

Question 64

The Affordable Care Act is considered a violation of federalism because it violates the 10th Amendment and the rights reserved to the states.

Question 65

Governor Bobby Jindal is a front runner for the Republican Party in 2016.

Question 66

The U.S. Constitution allows for referenda but not initiatives.

Question 67

In the period of cooperative federalism, Congress generally acknowledged it had no direct constitutional authority to regulate public health, safety, or welfare.

Question 68

Initiatives are bitterly opposed by the elites.

Question 69

The Garcia case had the Supreme Court declaring that there were no constitutionally protected state powers.

Question 70

Explain how devolution has or has not occurred in the United States. How has power shifted between the different levels of government?

Question 71

Why might state referendums and initiatives better reflect mass than elite preferences?

Question 72

The smaller states typically have as many large corporations as larger states, and their elite preferences vary as well.

Question 73

Only 18 states have recall powers.

Question 74

Policy decisions that are too controversial for federal or state governments are placed on the ballot as a national referendum.

Question 75

In 2012, the failed attempt to recall Wisconsin governor Scott Walker became a nationally significant showdown over immigration.

Question 76

In general, federal grants decrease under presidents that were former governors, such as President Reagan.

Question 77

In the United States, 18 states have referendum and initiative powers.

Question 78

The principal instrument of national power in states and communities is the availability of grants and money for state and local governments.

Question 79

Explain the changes in public opinion and trust between the different levels of government.

Question 80

What are three main questions that the Supreme Court addressed in reviewing the Affordable Care Act?