Deck 11: Primary Health Care: Challenges and Opportunities for the Nursing Profession

Question 1

Which of the following is one of the five different projects funded by the federal government's Primary Health Care Transition Fund (PHCTF) that the Canadian Nurses Association partnered to conduct?

A)National Forum on Health
B)Canadian Mental Health Initiative
C)The Health Human Resource Project
D)Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies

Answer 1

Canadian Mental Health Initiative

Question 2

Which one of the following existed as a barrier to achieving Health for All by the Year 2000, as identified by the 2001 WHO report Health for All in the Twenty-first Century?

A)Lack of political commitment
B)Faster than anticipated socioeconomic growth
C)Cohesiveness and cooperation through intersectoral collaboration
D)A decrease in poverty, the greatest global determinant of health

Answer 2

Lack of political commitment

Question 3

From the time of its introduction, Primary Health Care (PHC) was conceptualized as which type of model?

A)Biomedical model
B)Social justice model
C)Resource allocation model
D)Needs-based assessment model

Answer 3

Social justice model

Question 4

Which following action is an example of a Primary Health Care strategy in Canada?

A)Providing unit space for computers
B)Increasing the number of acute-care beds in hospitals
C)Developing nurse practitioner legislation
D)Lobbying for open visiting hours for all inpatients

Question 5

Canada has a strong intellectual tradition that emphasizes which view of health and health determinants?

A)Biopsychosocial
B)Socioeconomic
C)Illness-based
D)Socio-environmental

Question 6

Which of the following characterizes the WHO's 1988 initial assessment of nursing's worldwide response to implementing the Primary Health Care model?

A)The WHO called nursing's response a planned and coordinated effort.
B)The WHO called nursing's response fragmented and sporadic.
C)The WHO indicated that intersectoral collaboration among nurses was apparent.
D)The WHO indicated the Primary Health Care had been embraced worldwide by all nurses and their associations.

Question 7

Which province opened the first nurse practitioner-led clinic in Canada?

A)Alberta
B)Quebec
C)Ontario
D)British Columbia

Question 8

Recently it has been suggested that the Primary Health Care principle of accessibility needs to be expanded beyond its conventional meaning of access to include which one of the following?

A)Care services related to the determinants of health
B)Medical, dental, and alternative health care providers
C)All people in Canada, regardless of citizenship
D)The creation of a two-tiered health care system to help fund the PHC philosophy

Question 9

Which two principles of Primary Health Care must be incorporated when addressing health determinants outside of the health sector?

A)Accessibility; public participation
B)Appropriate technology; intersectoral and interdisciplinary collaboration
C)Public participation; intersectoral and interdisciplinary collaboration
D)Health promotion and illness prevention; accessibility

Question 10

Which one of the following may limit the potential for Primary Health Care?

A)Funding
B)Human resources
C)Resource allocation
D)Inconsistent terminology

Question 11

Which one of the following has been cited by the Health Council of Canada as the biggest roadblock to implementing Primary Health Care in Canada in a manner that truly provides "Health for All"?

A)Lack of human resources
B)Diminished financial resources
C)Reluctance of health leaders to set targets and be held accountable for progress
D)Very little support from the Canadian population to embrace the principles of PHC

Question 12

Removing legislative barriers for health care providers has been cited as a challenge to the implementation of Primary Health Care and relates to which Primary Health Care principle?

A)Appropriate technology
B)Accessibility
C)Intersectoral and interdisciplinary collaboration
D)Health promotion and illness prevention

Question 13

In which year was universal health care insurance introduced in Canada?

A)1960
B)1966
C)1969
D)1972

Question 14

Which following reason has been cited for why nurses are in a key position to advocate for policies that influence health?

A)Nurses have no labour organizations to negotiate with.
B)Nurses represent the largest group of health care professionals.
C)Nurses are far removed from observing how policies influence health.
D)Nurses need to acquire new roles as the traditional ones are depleted.

Question 15

In 2006, the Health Council of Canada indicated that improving population health demands an aggressive and collaborative approach to reducing health inequalities with emphasis on which one of the following?

A)Pregnant women
B)Children and Aboriginal groups
C)Cancer and cardiovascular disease
D)Low-income couples and their families