Question 1

What chest Compression method is reCommended by the Neonatal Resuscitation Program, and gives a greater peak systolic pressure when performing CPR on newborns&#10;A)Two-finger technique (Compressing the chest with two fingers as the seCond hand supports the back)&#10;B)One finger technique (Compressing the chest with one finger as the seCond hand supports the back)&#10;C)Two-thumb encircling-hand technique (two thumbs with fingers encircling the chest and supporting the back)&#10;D)Two-thumb encircling-hold technique (two thumbs with fingers encircling the chest and supporting the back)

Accepted Answer

The recommended chest compression method by the Neonatal Resuscitation Program is the two-thumb encircling-hand technique. This method gives a greater peak systolic pressure when performing CPR on newborns compared to the other techniques listed.

Question 2

Transition to the extrauterine world Consists of all of the following rapid, physiological events except:&#10;A)Establishment of respirations&#10;B)VasoConstriction of the pulmonary vasculature and increase in pulmonary vascular resistance&#10;C)Transition of fetal circulation to adult circulation&#10;D)Expansion of the lungs

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction of the pulmonary vasculature and increase in pulmonary vascular resistance is not a rapid physiological event that occurs during the transition to the extrauterine world. It is a gradual process that occurs over the first few weeks of life. The other choices (A, C, and D) are all rapid physiological events that occur during this transition.

Question 3

It is best to intubate and not to bag-mask ventilate a newborn when multiple unsuccessful attempts to establish an airway have occurred because hypoxia and permanent damage will occur after 4 minutes.

Accepted Answer

Bag-mask ventilation is recommended if intubation attempts fail or are not feasible, as it can effectively provide ventilation and oxygenation to prevent hypoxia while further attempts to secure an airway are made.

Question 4

A newborn presents at delivery with meConium-stained amniotic fluid and is handed to the resuscitation team.She is crying, has central cyanosis, and is moving spontaneously.Which of the following is the most appropriate first action for the team to take to resuscitate

A)Dry, stimulate, and suction the mouth and nose.
B)Auscultate the lungs to evaluate aspiration of meConium.
C)Intubate and suction the trachea to remove meConium.
D)Place the baby on the mother's chest.

Accepted Answer

In a newborn with meconium-stained amniotic fluid, the initial steps in resuscitation should be drying and stimulating the baby and suctioning the mouth and nose to remove any meconium that may have been aspirated during delivery. Intubation and suctioning of the trachea may be necessary if there is significant respiratory distress or if the suctioning of the mouth and nose is not effective. Auscultation of the lungs can be done after suctioning to assess for any signs of respiratory distress. Placing the baby on the mother's chest is not appropriate in this situation as the baby may require additional resuscitation measures.

Question 5

What does the acronym APGAR stand for&#10;A)Assessment, pulse, grimace, appearance, resonance&#10;B)Appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respirations&#10;C)Assessment, pulse, ground-glass appearance, asthma, respirations&#10;D)Assessment, projection, grimace, auditory, respirations

Accepted Answer

The acronym APGAR stands for Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respirations. This is a quick assessment tool used to evaluate the physical condition of a newborn immediately after birth. Option A includes resonance, which is not part of the APGAR assessment. Option C includes ground-glass appearance and asthma, which are not part of the APGAR assessment. Option D includes projection and auditory, which are not part of the APGAR assessment.

Question 6

What stage of labor does the cervix reach Complete dilatation&#10;A)Active phase&#10;B)Latent phase&#10;C)Deceleration phase&#10;D)Transition phase

Accepted Answer

The answer of What stage of labor does the cervix...

Question 7

Randomized Controlled trials have suggested all of the following statements regarding induced hypothermia are true except:&#10;A)Infants with moderate-to-severe hypoxic encephalopathy may be protected against brain injury.&#10;B)Strict guidelines must be implemented within 12 to 24 hours following birth.&#10;C)Infants with moderate-to-severe ischemic encephalopathy should be offered therapeutic hypothermia in a timely manner.&#10;D)Registered respiratory therapists must be aware of their institutional policies to provide appropriate follow-up care.

Accepted Answer

The statement "Strict guidelines must be implemented within 12 to 24 hours following birth" is not entirely true. While guidelines do recommend prompt initiation of therapeutic hypothermia, the specific time frame varies based on the specific clinical situation and may not always be within 12-24 hours following birth.

Question 8

During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a newborn's heart rate should be assessed every 5 seConds to determine effectiveness of Compressions.

Accepted Answer

During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a newborn, the heart rate should be assessed approximately every 60 seconds, not every 5 seconds, to determine the effectiveness of the compressions.

Question 9

What actions are usually enough to stimulate a newborn to breathe&#10;A)Positioning, drying, and suctioning&#10;B)Positioning, drying, and slapping the newborn's buttocks&#10;C)Positioning, drying, and vigorously rubbing the newborn's back&#10;D)Positioning, drying, and flicking the newborn's arm

Accepted Answer

Positioning the newborn's head in a neutral position, drying the newborn to prevent heat loss, and suctioning the mouth and nose to remove any amniotic fluid are usually enough to stimulate the newborn to breathe. Slapping, vigorously rubbing or flicking the newborn's arm are not recommended practices as they can cause harm. It's essential to handle newborns with care to reduce the risk of injury or trauma.

Question 10

Baby Carter presents with gasping, his heart rate is greater than 100 bpm, and the presence of seCondary apnea is seen.Initially, what is the best approach when managing this newborn&#10;A)Biphasic positive airway pressure therapy&#10;B)Positive pressure ventilation via resuscitation bag and mask&#10;C)Oxygen therapy&#10;D)Positioning, drying, and vigorously rubbing the newborn's back

Accepted Answer

The presence of gasping and secondary apnea indicate respiratory distress, and positive pressure ventilation with a resuscitation bag and mask is the recommended first step in managing this newborn's respiratory distress. Biphasic positive airway pressure therapy may be considered in more severe cases, but initial treatment should always involve positive pressure ventilation via bag and mask. Oxygen therapy may be administered during ventilation, but is not the first step in managing respiratory distress. Positioning, drying, and vigorously rubbing the newborn's back may be helpful in stimulating breathing, but are not effective treatments for respiratory distress.

Question 11

What is the Compressions-to-ventilation ratio that a registered respiratory therapist should use during neonatal resuscitation&#10;A)2:1&#10;B)3:1&#10;C)20:2&#10;D)15:2

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the Compressions-to-ventilation ratio that a...

Question 12

All of the following statements about fetal heart rate monitoring are true except:&#10;A)It is used to estimate a fetus's tolerance of labor process.&#10;B)It is used to make decisions on the method and speed of the delivery.&#10;C)It improves neonatal outComes.&#10;D)It has beCome the standard method of care in the United States.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following statements about fetal...

Question 13

Withholding and disContinuing resuscitation efforts may be appropriate in all of the following circumstances except:&#10;A)When the birth weight is less than 400 grams&#10;B)When gestational age is less than 28 weeks&#10;C)When parental agreement is obtained&#10;D)When there is an undetectable heart rate after 10 minutes of CPR

Accepted Answer

The answer of Withholding and disContinuing resuscitation efforts may be...

Question 14

In the presence of meConium, it is suggested to use a bulb syringe aspirator vigorously to reduce the risk of aspiration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the presence of meConium, it is...

Question 15

A sinusoidal heart rate is indicative of:&#10;A)Uteroplacental insufficiency&#10;B)umbilical Cord Compression&#10;C)A change in vagal tone after brief hypoxia episodes&#10;D)Severe fetal hypoxia, acidosis, or anemia

Accepted Answer

The answer of A sinusoidal heart rate is indicative of:&#10;A)Uteroplacental...

Question 16

What is the Course of action when a newborn presents with seCondary apnea&#10;A)Place in sniffing position.&#10;B)Place on apnea monitor.&#10;C)Initiate positive pressure ventilation.&#10;D)Administer medications to increase heart rate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the Course of action when...

Question 17

Which of the following statements are true regarding disadvantages of self-inflating bags
I)Inability to know if a good seal is being obtained
II)A reservoir attachment needed to achieve 100% FiO₂
III)Ability to provide 100% FiO₂ free- flowing dependably
IV)Inability to provide 100% FiO₂ free-flowing dependably

A)I, III, IV
B)II, III, IV
C)I, II, IV
D)I and II

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements are true...

Question 18

What route may be used to administer epinephrine 1:10,000 (0.1 mg/mL) to increase heart rate&#10;A)Subcutaneously&#10;B)Intravenously only&#10;C)Endotracheally only&#10;D)Intravenously and endotracheally

Accepted Answer

The answer of What route may be used to administer...

Question 19

If a newborn weighs 2.5 kg, where should the endotracheal tube be taped&#10;A)7.5 cm at the upper lip&#10;B)8.5 cm at the upper lip&#10;C)7.0 cm at the upper lip&#10;D)8.0 cm at the upper lip

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a newborn weighs 2.5 kg, where...

Deck 3: Resuscitation of the Newborn During Transition to Extrauterine Life