Deck 7: Common Neonatal Complications: Pulmonary Complications

Question 1

What are the reCommended initial nasal Continuous positive airway pressures reCommended by the American Association of Respiratory Care Clinical Practice Guidelines for a neonate

A)4-5 cm H₂O
B)5-7 cm H₂O
C)7-8 cm H₂O
D)8-10 cm H₂O

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In the treatment of pneumonia, all of the following treatment options should be used except:

A)Antibiotic administration
B)Promoting hand washing
C)Bronchial hygiene therapy
D)Oxygen therapy
E)Surfactant delivery

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What are the clinical manifestations of pneumopericardium
I)Muffled or absent heart tones
II)Decreased arterial blood pressure
III)Tachycardia
IV)Bradycardia and hypoxia
V)Pulseless electrical activity
VI)Cyanosis
VII)Hypertension

A)I, IV, V, VI, and VII
B)I, III, IV, V, and VI
C)II, III, IV, V, and VI
D)I, II, IV, V, and VI

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is the most effective way to treat pulmonary interstitial emphysema
I)Pressure-targeted ventilation
II)Volume-targeted ventilation
III)Hyperinflation of lungs
IV)Minimizing overdistention

A)I and II
B)II and IV
C)II and III
D)I and IV

Question 5

How does pulmonary interstitial emphysema present
I)Hypoxemia
II)Hypercapnia
III)Hypertension
IV)Episodes of apnea
V)Cyst-like formations 4-10 mm in diameter
VII)Mediastinal shift and atelectasis of Contralateral lung
VIII.Air bronchograms

A)I, II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII
B)I, II, V, VI, and VII
C)II, III, IV, and VII
D)II, IV, V, VI, and VII

Question 6

Prevention and early management of respiratory distress syndrome should progress to which of the following guidelines of care
I)Good bronchial hygiene
II)Frequent patient positioning
III)Arterial blood gas results obtained before making mechanical ventilation changes
IV)Prophylactic surfactant delivery
V)Pressure-volume loop interpretation essential
VI)Proper ventilator management
VII)Early withdrawal of noninvasive ventilation

A)II, IV, V, and VI
B)I, II, III, and IV
C)I, II, III, IV, and V
D)I, II, IV, V, and VI
E)I, II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII

Question 7

How can a registered respiratory therapist minimize pressure delivered to the lungs while administering mechanical ventilation to an infant
I)Decrease peak inspiratory pressure, increase positive end-expiratory pressure, and increase I-time.
II)Increase peak inspiratory pressure, increase positive end-expiratory pressure, and increase I-time.
III)Decrease peak inspiratory pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure, and I-time as tolerated.
IV)Use volume-targeted ventilation.
V)Avoid auto-positive end-expiratory pressure.
VI)Use Controlled mandatory ventilation, which is the preferred method over high-frequency ventilation.

A)III, IV, and V
B)I, IV, and VI
C)I, V, and VI
D)II, IV, and VI

Question 8

The administration of surfactant to infants less than 28 weeks of gestation has not significantly decreased infant mortality rates associated with pneumothorax.

Question 9

Which of the following are organisms that predispose infants to pneumonia
I)Group B streptoCocci
II)StaphyloCoccus aureus
III)Cytomegalovirus
IV)Chlamydia trachomatis
V)Listeria monocytogenes
VI)Group A streptoCocci
VII)Gram-negative enteric bacteria

A)I, II, III, IV, and VII
B)I, III, IV, V, and VII
C)II, III, V, VI, and VII
D)I, II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII

Question 10

What are some of the Contributing factors for neonatal atelectasis
I)MeConium obstruction in terminal airways
II)Neurogenic pulmonary edema
III)Lung Compression from masses, tumors, or gastric Contents
IV)Emphysema
V)Respiratory failure and hypoventilation as a result of a decrease in Compliance and surfactant deficiency

A)I, IV, and V
B)I, III, and V
C)II, IV, and V
D)I, II, and V

Question 11

Which of the following are guidelines when utilizing high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV)
I)To increase PaCO₂, decreasing HFJV peak inspiratory pressure is the best option.
II)To increase PaCO₂, increasing HFJV peak inspiratory pressure is the best option.
III)In the presence of atelectasis, decrease positive end-expiratory pressure and add intermittent mandatory ventilation 5 to 10 breaths temporarily.
IV)In the presence of atelectasis, increase positive end-expiratory pressure and add intermittent mandatory ventilation 5 to 10 breaths temporarily.
V)In the absence of atelectasis.increase FiO₂.
VI)In the absence of atelectasis, decrease FiO₂
VII)Monitor servo pressure changes.

A)I, III, V, and VII
B)I, IV, V, and VII
C)II, III, V1, and VII
D)II, IV, VI, and VII

Question 12

Which of the following are Considered risk factors for a pneumothorax
I)Aspiration of meConium
II)Subcutaneous emphysema
III)Abdominal distention
IV)Pneumonia
V)Pulmonary interstitial emphysema
VI)Respiratory distress syndrome
VII)Mechanical ventilation

A)I, II, III, and IV
B)I, III, V, and VII
C)I, IV, VI, and VII
D)I, II, IV, and VI

Question 13

Which of the following treatments should be used in the management of an infant who presents with a simple pneumothorax

A)Needle deCompression
B)ThoraCotomy
C)Chest tube
D)100% oxygen hood

Question 14

Pneumonia presents in which of the following ways
I)Respiratory rates greater than 60 breaths/minute
II)Accessory muscle use and retractions
III)Bulging sternum
IV)Decreased heart sounds
V)Abrupt duskiness
VI)Hyperthermia
VII)Abdominal distention

A)I, II, III, and IV
B)I, III, IV, and V
C)I, II, VI, and VII
D)II, III, V, and VII

Question 15

What are some of the causes for a pneumomediastinum
I)Airway obstruction
II)Mechanical ventilation
III)Infections
IV)Obstructive lung disease
V)Trauma
VI)Valsalva's maneuver

A)I, III, and V
B)II, IV, and VI
C)I, III, and VI
D)I, II, III, IV, V, and VII

Question 16

Clinical manifestations for respiratory distress syndrome include which of the following
I)Tachypnea
II)Posturing
III)Tachycardia
IV)Hypertension
V)External retractions
VI)Chest radiograph reveals bell-shaped thorax as a result of generalized underaeration, lung volume is reduced, and the lung parenchyma has a diffused reticulogranular pattern.
VII)Grunting

A)I, II, and IV
B)I, IV, and VI
C)I, V, and VII
D)I, II, V, and VII
E)I, II, III, IV, V, and VI

Question 17

Re-intubation and mechanical ventilation should be based only on chest radiograph evidence.