Deck 2: Families Throughout the World: Marriage, Family, and Kinship

Question 1

Although illegal in the U.S., there may be more than 100,000 Americans currently practicing the marital pattern of ________, according to your text.

A)monogamy
B)patriarchy
C)polyandry
D)exogamy
E)polygyny

Answer 1

E

Question 2

What is a fistula?

A)a type of marriage pattern in which one woman is married to many men
B)a form of female genital cutting to preserve virginity
C)a form of family pattern that encourages a newly married couple to live with the wife's family
D)a hole between a woman's vagina and other internal organs caused by prolonged and obstructed childbirth
E)an event in which a woman is stoned to death for committing adultery

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The process of social and cultural transformation from a "third world" or a nonindustrialized society to a developed industrial society is called:

A)matrilocal
B)matriarchy
C)modernization
D)ascribed status
E)roles

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Mary and Jessica have been in love and living together for many years. Currently they live in Texas, but plan to move to Massachusetts soon because it is one of the few states that allows same-sex marriage. Their parents strongly disapprove of lesbian relationships because they believe that Mary and Jessica are violating what type of social norm?

A)modernization
B)endogamy
C)statuses
D)exogamy
E)world systems theory

Question 5

Carl and Belinda are in love and plan to marry next year. Their parents strongly disapprove of their relationship, however, because Carl is White and Belinda is Black. Carl and Belinda are violating the norm of:

A)modernization
B)endogamy
C)status
D)exogamy
E)world systems theory

Question 6

Families are found throughout the world. Despite their diversity, there are many critical universal features of families. Which is NOT one of these universal features?

A)marriage
B)regulation of sexual behavior
C)reproduction and socializing children
D)taking care of the elderly
E)property and inheritance

Question 7

The concept of gesellschaft, discussed by German sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies, contains several specific features. What is NOT one of the features that characterize gesellschaft?

A)patriarchy
B)few personal ties
C)the role of families is more diffuse
D)primarily impersonal relationships
E)industrialized and urbanized

Question 8

In many places around the world, women cannot vote, drive, or have their hair or face uncovered in public, and should be escorted at all times. We would consider these to be examples of:

A)patriarchy
B)patrilocal
C)patrilineal
D)matrifocus
E)neolocal

Question 9

According to World Map 2.1:

A)Africa and the Middle East are the regions most likely to permit the practice of polygamy.
B)Polyandry occurs most frequently in South America.
C)China is most likely to permit neolocal patterns.
D)Russia and Greenland are the most likely to permit matriarchy.
E)The U.S. and Canada are the most likely to permit only polyandry.

Question 10

Polygyny is defined as:

A)one man married to one woman
B) the expectation for a newly married couple to live with the man's parents
C)one's lineage and patterns of descent being passed down on the father's side
D)one man married to multiple women
E)power and authority are vested in men

Question 11

Adolph, Mary, and Megan, as portrayed in Box 2.2, illustrate that:

A)people who practice polyandry in the U.S. are generally motivated by a desire to have a large number of sexual partners
B)polygyny clearly exploits women and is detrimental to them
C)people who practice polygyny tend to cite the Bible to justify their marriage
D)people who practice monogamy have the most satisfying relationships
E)polyandry is primarily confined to certain fundamentalist Mormon groups, and the Mormon church approves of these relationships

Question 12

What is a key feature of marriage among the !Kung San of Southern Africa, according to Box 2.1?

A)Wives are usually older than their husbands by at least 10 years.
B)Girls are typically married when they are between 15-17 years of age.
C)The newly married couple practices a patrilocal pattern.
D)A new husband must hunt for his father-in-law for many years to establish and maintain his marriage.
E)After people marry, they are expected to leave the group and establish themselves as members of a different clan.

Question 13

Which is a characteristic of polyandry?

A)It tends to occur in wealthy societies.
B)Women tend to have higher status in countries that practice polyandry.
C)It involves two or more women who are married to two or more men.
D)It is more commonly practiced around the world than polygyny.
E)The multiple husbands are usually brothers or otherwise related.

Question 14

Dat and his new wife followed the traditional Vietnamese pattern of moving in with his parents after they married. This is an example of the practice of:

A)matrilocal
B)patrilineal
C)patrilocal
D)polygamy
E)matrifocus

Question 15

The pattern of descent that is characterized as having the lineage more closely aligned with the women's families rather than men's families is called:

A)matrilocal
B)matrilineal
C)matriarchy
D)maternity focus
E)maternal pattern

Question 16

With a shift to modernization, societies experience a progressive loss of the intimacy found in primary relationships, referred to as ________, and the result is a society composed of more impersonal secondary relationships, known as ________.

A)gesellschaft; world systems
B)patriarchy; world systems
C)gemeinschaft; egalitarian
D)gemeinschaft; gesellschaft
E)gesellschaft; gemeinschaft

Question 17

Laurel is a White teenager who lives in Beverly Hills, CA with her wealthy parents. Her sex, race, and social class are examples of a/an:

A)ascribed status
B)achieved status
C)neolocal status
D)endogamy
E)gesellschaft

Question 18

As a student, you usually take notes in class. Student is your ________; taking notes is your ________.

A)ascribed status; endogamy
B)role; status
C)matriarchy; role
D)status; role
E)achieved status; ascribed status

Question 19

Deeya is a graduate of Yale University. This is an example of a/an:

A)ascribed status
B)achieved status
C)bilateral status
D)exogamy
E)gemeinschaft

Question 20

According to anthropologist William Stephens, the definition of marriage includes four important components. Which is NOT one of them?

A)a socially legitimate sexual union
B)a public announcement
C)contains some ideas about permanence
D)involves one man and one woman
E)assumes an explicit marriage contract that spells out reciprocal obligations between spouses, and between spouses and their children

Question 21

Which theory of social change is concerned with the exploitation of poor countries by more wealthy countries?

A)modernization theory
B)feminist theory
C)family systems theory
D)role theory
E)world systems theory

Question 22

With respect to Sweden:

A)it is anti-family, according to the data
B)men are far less likely to live in a household with children, compared to men in the U.S.
C)the vast majority of mothers are employed outside the home
D)family life is less valued than it is in the U.S.
E)each family pays a "child tax" in which the government takes about $250 for each child

Question 23

Patrilineal refers to a form of social organization in which the norm is that men have a natural right to be in a position of authority over women.

Question 24

Prior to industrialization, many families lived for generations in or near the same small community or rural village. Relationships were personal and there was a great sense of belonging, known as gesellschaft.

Question 25

The U.S. practices a bilateral pattern of kinship, descent, and inheritance.

Question 26

Which of the following countries has the lowest infant mortality rate?

A)India
B)the U.S.
C)Brazil
D)Japan
E)Sweden

Question 27

Ha lives in Vietnam. She and her husband live with his parents, as do most young couples, a practice known as patrilocal.

Question 28

Only about 15 percent of the world's cultures practice matriarchy.

Question 29

According to sociologist William J. Goode, many changes in families occur as societies modernize and become more industrialized and developed. Which would be an example of this change?

A)mate selection becomes more controlled
B)there is a shift toward extended families
C)kinship becomes more patrilineal
D)families become more egalitarian
E)there is an increasing emphasis on ascribed status

Question 30

Universal functions of the family include regulation of sexual behavior, reproduction and socializing children, and social placement.

Question 31

German sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies argued that industrialization changed the fabric of social life to largely impersonal, secondary relationships, known as gesellschaft.

Question 32

World systems theory has much in common with the tenants of ___________ theory discussed in Chapter 1.

A)functionalist
B)symbolic interaction
C)conflict
D)systems
E)feminist

Question 33

The infant mortality rate is defined as:

A)the number of deaths within the first year of life per 1,000 births in the population
B)the number of deaths within the first three months of life
C)the number of deaths within the first three months of life per 1,000 births in the population
D)the number of stillborn deaths per 1,000 women in the population
E)the number of births minus the number of deaths in the population

Question 34

The incest taboo, which forbids sexual activity and marriage among close family members, is found in about half of all societies.

Question 35

Which of the following is TRUE about India?

A)Nearly 90 percent of men and women are literate.
B)The birth rate is higher than in Japan, but lower than in the U.S. or Sweden.
C)It is considered a patriarchal society.
D)The purchasing power parity (PPP)is about $12,200.
E)It contains about 350 million persons.

Question 36

According to World Map 2.1 the law tends to permit either monogamy or polygamy in most of South America and Africa.

Question 37

Which is NOT one of the ways that core countries use their historical advantages to manipulate other poorer countries for their own benefit, according to world systems theory?

A)extracting a poor country's resources
B)hiring cheap labor
C)promoting and encouraging debt
D)building faulty sanitation facilities
E)destroying the environment

Question 38

Adolph, Mary, and Megan, featured in the feature box, practice polygyny.

Question 39

Which of the following countries has reduced its birthrate most dramatically since 1950?

A)the U.S.
B)India
C)Japan
D)France
E)Sweden

Question 40

Why does the Swedish government enact the family policies that it does?

A)to deter people from having children because the population is rising too quickly
B)to encourage mothers to stay home to take care of their children
C)to deter teenagers from having children
D)to encourage people to marry rather than to cohabit
E)to keep pace with Sweden's changing conceptions of gender and move toward more egalitarian relationships

Question 41

________ are your social positions in a group or society.

Question 42

The universal functions of the family include these seven (7)features:

Question 43

Cassandra's family is Catholic, and her parents hope that she will marry another Catholic, which illustrates norms of ________.

Question 44

Sweden is a country that is moving towards gender equality, but has a way to go before achieving full equality.

Question 45

Polyandry is defined as:

Question 46

The infant mortality rate is defined as:

Question 47

India is an example of a developed nation.

Question 48

Richard graduated from Harvard Law School last year. His level of education is an example of a/an ________ status.

Question 49

________ is the process of social and cultural transformation from traditional societies to modern societies that influences all dimensions of social life.

Question 50

List three reasons why the divorce rate in Japan is so low.

Question 51

List the five characteristics associated with the process of modernizing, according to Berger.

Question 52

What accounts for the sex ratio imbalance in India, according to the text?

Question 53

According to World Map 2.1, two (2)regions of the world are most likely to allow both monogamy and polygamy. Which two areas are these?

Question 54

The infant mortality rate of India is more than ten (10)times the rate of Japan or Sweden.

Question 55

World systems theory focuses on the economic and political interdependence and exploitation among nations.

Question 56

Amir, a man who lives in a Middle Eastern country, legally has three wives. The name of their marriage pattern is ________.

Question 57

Define the three types of residence patterns found in the world.

Question 58

In your classes this term you have been learning about the economic and political interdependence of countries, particularly how some nations exploit other nations. You have been learning about ________.

Question 59

Why are Swedes unfairly criticized as anti-family?

Question 60

The birthrates for Sweden, Japan, and the United States have dropped over the past 50 years, but it has increased in India.

Question 61

Compare and contrast world systems theory with modernization theory with respect to social change and families.

Question 62

Swedes have sometimes been criticized as being anti-family. Why are these allegations made, and what do the data reveal?

Question 63

What does the author of your text mean when she says that "fistulas are a hidden epidemic"?

Question 64

List and explain the seven (7)universal functions of marriage.

Question 65

Describe the specific types of marriage patterns found around the world.

Question 66

Describe norms and expectations surrounding marriage among the !Kung San of Southern Africa, according to the feature box.

Question 67

Compare and contrast families in India with those of Japan and Sweden. Be sure to discuss birth and infant mortality rates, and other important features of family life discussed in the text.