Deck 29: Clinical Virology

Question 1

What is another name for HHV-4?

A) Varicella-zoster
B) Cytomegalovirus
C) Herpes simplex
D) Epstein-Barr

Answer 1

D
Eight species of human herpesviruses (HHV)are currently known: herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1); herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2); varicella-zoster virus (VZV),also known as HHV-3; Epstein-Barr virus (EBV),also known as HHV-4; cytomegalovirus (CMV),also known as HHV-5; human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6); human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7); and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8),also known as Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV).

Question 2

What is an unsuitable storage temperature for viruses because it allows the development of ice crystals?

A) 4° C
B) -10° C
C) -20° C
D) -70° C

Answer 2

C
Specimens should not be stored at -20° C.This temperature facilitates the formation of ice crystals,which disrupts the host cells and results in significant loss of viral viability.

Question 3

What is another name for HHV-5?

A) Varicella-zoster
B) Cytomegalovirus
C) Herpes simplex
D) Epstein-Barr

Answer 3

B
Eight species of human herpesviruses (HHV)are currently known: herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1); herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2); varicella-zoster virus (VZV),also known as HHV-3; Epstein-Barr virus (EBV),also known as HHV-4; cytomegalovirus (CMV),also known as HHV-5; human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6); human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7),and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8),also known as Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV).

Question 4

All of the following are problems that are inherent with using serologic methods to diagnose viral infections,EXCEPT:

A) The host does not produce specific antibodies to viruses.
B) Serologic assays measure host response rather than directly detecting the virus.
C) The antibody-producing capabilities of human hosts vary widely.
D) The antibody level does not correlate with the activity level of the infection.

Question 5

All the following are direct methods for diagnosing viral infections EXCEPT:

A) Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA)
B) Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA)
C) Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
D) Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)

Question 6

What is another name for HHV-3?

A) Varicella-zoster
B) Cytomegalovirus
C) Herpes simplex
D) Epstein-Barr

Question 7

All of the following methods are used as culture techniques to detect viruses EXCEPT:

A) Cell culture
B) Animal inoculation
C) Embryonated eggs
D) Media culture

Question 8

What is the cytopathic effect?

A) The way viruses kill the host cell
B) The visual changes produced in a cell by a virus
C) The tears that the virus puts in a host cell's membrane
D) The way the virus lyses the cell after all the new virus particles are formed and ready to be released.

Question 9

Adenoviruses produce all the following types of infections EXCEPT:

A) Acute hemorrhagic cystitis
B) Meningitis
C) Acute respiratory distress
D) Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

Question 10

What are giant multinucleated cells formed from cell fusion as a result of viral infection?

A) Giant cells
B) Macrophages
C) Glial cells
D) Syncytia

Question 11

What are continuous cell cultures?

A) This is where tissue is removed from an animal, arranged in a monolayer, and very little cell division occurs.
B) It is a culture that can divide, but passage is limited to 50 generations.
C) It often has variable numbers of chromosomes and indefinite passage.
D) This describes the only cells the specimen will be plated on.

Question 12

What is the composition of viral transport media?

A) Amies media with charcoal
B) Isotonic buffered saline with protein
C) Cary-Blair
D) Cooked meat broth

Question 13

What is a diploid cell culture?

A) This is where tissue is removed from an animal, arranged in a monolayer, and very little cell division occurs.
B) It is a culture that can divide, but passage is limited to 50 generations.
C) It has variable numbers of chromosomes and indefinite passage.
D) This describes the only cells the specimen will be plated on.

Question 14

What type of genome do herpesviruses have?

A) SsDNA
B) RNA
C) DsDNA
D) Both dsDNA and RNA

Question 15

All the following methods are used by the laboratory to diagnose viral infections EXCEPT:

A) Chemiluminescence
B) Direct detection
C) Culture
D) Serologic assays

Question 16

When is the best time to collect a specimen from a patient suspected of having a viral disease?

A) 1 week after onset of symptoms
B) 5 days after onset of symptoms
C) Less than 3 days after onset of symptoms
D) 2 weeks after onset of symptoms

Question 17

What is a primary cell culture?

A) This is where tissue is removed from an animal, arranged in a monolayer, and very little cell division occurs.
B) It is a culture that can divide, but passage is limited to 50 generations.
C) It has variable numbers of chromosomes and indefinite passage.
D) This describes are the only cells the specimen will be plated on.

Question 18

What is the genome of a virus composed of?

A) Single-stranded DNA
B) RNA
C) Double-stranded DNA
D) Any of the above

Question 19

What requirements do viruses have for replication?

A) They must be inside a living cell.
B) They must be in an environment where all the necessary amino acids are present.
C) They can use a dead cell to replicate.
D) They need to be around dead, decaying flesh so that all the amino acids and enzymes are present.

Question 20

What is the sequence of viral infection,then destruction of a host cell?

A) Attachment, penetration, replication, cell lysis
B) Penetration, attachment, replication, cell lysis
C) Replication, penetration, attachment, cell lysis
D) Penetration, replication, attachment, cell lysis

Question 21

What is the most common virus isolated from infants with lower respiratory infections and causes croup,bronchitis,bronchiolitis,and interstitial pneumonia?

A) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
B) LASSA
C) Rotavirus
D) Norovirus

Question 22

What virus is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and children?

A) Rotavirus
B) Influenzae virus
C) Torovirus
D) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Question 23

All the following viruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)EXCEPT:

A) Hantaan virus
B) Seoul virus
C) Dobrava virus
D) Calicivirus

Question 24

A symptomatic congenital infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV)includes all the following symptoms EXCEPT:

A) Hepatosplenomegaly
B) Microcephaly
C) Chorioretinitis
D) Meningitis

Question 25

Complications of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)infection include all the following EXCEPT:

A) Acute glomerulonephritis
B) Reye's syndrome
C) Thrombocytopenia purpura with hemolytic anemia
D) Splenic hemorrhage and rupture

Question 26

Which virus is a blood-borne pathogen?

A) Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
B) Rabies
C) Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
D) Norovirus

Question 27

What virus is the major cause of the common cold?

A) Rotavirus
B) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
C) Rhinovirus
D) Norovirus

Question 28

What infectious agent causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease,Kuru,and "mad cow" disease?

A) Prion
B) Bacteria
C) Virus
D) Parasite

Question 29

What viruses cause rabies?

A) Lyssavirus
B) Lassavirus
C) Marburgvirus
D) Calicivirus

Question 30

What is a prion?

A) A virion
B) A viroid
C) A proteinaceous infectious particle
D) A lipopolysaccharide infectious particle

Question 31

What was the first arenavirus found to cause hemorrhagic fever?

A) Ebola
B) Malta
C) Junin
D) Marburg

Question 32

What virus causes genital herpes?

A) Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)
B) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
C) Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)
D) Human herpesvirus (HHV-5)

Question 33

What virus causes AIDS?

A) Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
B) Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
C) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
D) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 34

What virus causes the measles?

A) Mumps
B) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
C) Herpes virus 6
D) Rubeola virus

Question 35

What disease does the varicella zoster virus (VZV)cause?

A) Mumps
B) Genital warts
C) Chickenpox
D) Rubella

Question 36

What virus is the most common cause of arboviral encephalitis in the world?

A) Ebola
B) Japanese encephalitis virus
C) Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
D) Eastern equine encephalitis virus

Question 37

What virus causes the Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome?

A) Sin Nombre virus
B) Dobrava virus
C) Junin
D) Lassa

Question 38

What cancer is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)associated with?

A) Hodgkin's lymphoma
B) Burkitt's lymphoma
C) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
D) T-cell leukemia

Question 39

With what type of cancer is human papilloma virus (HPV)associated?

A) Lung
B) Ovarian
C) Skin
D) Cervical

Question 40

What is the most common flavivirus infection in the United States?

A) West Nile virus
B) Eastern equine encephalitis virus
C) St. Louis encephalitis
D) Rocky Mountain spotted fever