Deck 9: Water Balance

Question 1

The two minerals that occur in the extracellular fluid and regulate water balance are

A) calcium and potassium.
B) sodium and chloride.
C) phosphorus and magnesium.
D) potassium and magnesium.

Answer 1

B
Sodium and chloride are the two minerals that occur in the extracellular fluid and regulate water balance.

Question 2

A basic mechanism for maintaining body hydration is

A) thirst.
B) electrolyte balance.
C) acid-base balance.
D) activity level.

Answer 2

A
Thirst is the basic mechanism for maintaining hydration.

Question 3

An example of a substance that can pass through a capillary membrane is

A) glucose.
B) hemoglobin.
C) plasma proteins.
D) antibodies.

Answer 3

A
Glucose passes through a capillary membrane.The walls of the capillaries are thin and porous; therefore water molecules and small particles can move freely across them.

Question 4

Plasma proteins and electrolytes are examples of solutes

A) filtered from the plasma by the kidneys.
B) found in body fluids that influence movement of water.
C) released into the plasma by the liver.
D) recycled by the mucosa during digestion.

Question 5

A person is most likely to have a high body water content if he/she is

A) overweight.
B) underweight.
C) a bodybuilder.
D) sedentary.

Question 6

Mr.Jones consumes approximately 1500 mL/day from fluid contained in liquids and foods and from metabolism of foods.What percent of his fluid requirement does he meet if he requires 2400 mL/day?

A) 41%
B) 51%
C) 62%
D) 84%

Question 7

An example of an electrolyte is

A) glucose.
B) iron.
C) potassium.
D) carbon dioxide.

Question 8

The hormone that conserves body water is

A) vitamin D hormone.
B) antidiuretic hormone.
C) aldosterone.
D) parathyroid hormone.

Question 9

Cations primarily responsible for controlling body water distribution are

A) sodium and chloride.
B) calcium and phosphorus.
C) sodium and potassium.
D) sodium and bicarbonate.

Question 10

Water formed from metabolism comes from

A) what is contained in foods.
B) moving from compartment to compartment.
C) what is absorbed from gastrointestinal secretions.
D) oxidation of nutrients in the cells.

Question 11

An acid has a pH

A) greater than 7.0.
B) lower than 7.0.
C) greater than 5.0.
D) lower than 5.0.

Question 12

The term used to denote concentration of electrolytes in a given volume is

A) valence.
B) colloidal osmotic pressure.
C) pH.
D) milliequivalent.

Question 13

The approximate volume of digestive secretions produced by the stomach each day is _____ mL.

A) 1000
B) 1500
C) 2000
D) 2500

Question 14

The organic molecule responsible for creating colloidal osmotic pressure is

A) glucose.
B) an electrolyte.
C) protein.
D) sodium.

Question 15

The kidneys must excrete water in the urine because

A) the body needs to get rid of the ingested water.
B) water provides the vehicle for excretion of waste products.
C) they physiologically cannot retain all the water.
D) hormones ensure that a maximal amount of water is retained by the body.

Question 16

Ways in which water and solutes move across membranes include

A) diffusion and filtration.
B) capillary action and circulation.
C) peristalsis and contraction.
D) conduction and pulsation.

Question 17

The term extracellular fluid includes

A) plasma and tissue secretions.
B) plasma and fluid inside cells.
C) fluid surrounding cells and in beverages.
D) fluid surrounding cells and fluid inside cells.

Question 18

An example of a cation is

A) sodium.
B) phosphate.
C) carbonate.
D) sulfate.

Question 19

Functions of water in the body include

A) providing an energy source.
B) temperature control.
C) nerve impulse transmission.
D) transport of vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Question 20

The hormone responsible for promoting conservation of sodium in the kidney is

A) aldosterone.
B) antidiuretic hormone.
C) angiotensin.
D) renin.

Question 21

Oral rehydration therapy is preferred over intravenous therapy for fluid replacement caused by diarrhea because it

A) is quicker.
B) tastes better.
C) is more readily available.
D) provides electrolytes as well as fluid.

Question 22

Water retention would be the result of the hormone

A) ADH.
B) estrogen.
C) progesterone.
D) insulin.

Question 23

For osmosis to occur there must be

A) a semipermeable membrane.
B) cations and anions.
C) membrane channels.
D) hormonal control.

Question 24

The predominant regulator(s)of circulating blood volume is(are)

A) electrolytes.
B) plasma proteins.
C) water intake.
D) hormones.

Question 25

Treatment for diarrhea in children is to

A) withhold oral intake and immediately begin intravenous fluids until diarrhea stops.
B) sponge with an electrolyte solution of sodium, potassium, and sugar.
C) give an age-appropriate diet along with oral fluids that contain sodium, potassium, sugar, and sodium bicarbonate.
D) administer the BRAT (bananas, rice, applesauce, and tea) diet.

Question 26

The electrolyte present in the most abundance in gastric digestive fluids is

A) chloride.
B) potassium.
C) sodium.
D) bicarbonate.

Question 27

The kidneys "launder" the blood by

A) osmosis.
B) filtration.
C) active transport.
D) diffusion.

Question 28

Thirst tends to be an unreliable index of fluid needs in

A) infants.
B) pregnant women.
C) breast-feeding women.
D) older adults.

Question 29

Plasma proteins maintain colloidal osmotic pressure because

A) they are large molecules.
B) proteins are not found in the cells.
C) proteins are positively charged.
D) they contain water as part of their structure.

Question 30

A patient who is experiencing severe diarrhea and vomiting would have

A) increased body water requirements.
B) decreased body water requirements.
C) no change in body water requirements.
D) an immediate need for intravenous fluid.