Deck 12: Nutrition for Adults: the Early, Middle, and Later Years

Question 1

Biologic processes associated with aging may cause

A) an increased metabolic rate.
B) increased anxiety.
C) an increased ratio of adipose-to-muscle tissue.
D) increased kidney function.

Answer 1

C
Physical findings associated with aging include an increased ratio of adipose-to- muscle tissue.As the aging process occurs,skeletal muscle mass is reduced,causing a loss of approximately 40% by age 70 years.Skeletal muscle loss is not mandatory; it can be lessened with exercise.

Question 2

If an older adult is losing weight,his or her caloric intake is

A) less than energy needs.
B) approximately the same as energy needs.
C) greater than energy needs.
D) poorly distributed throughout the day.

Answer 2

A
Weight loss is associated with a caloric intake that is less than what is required for energy needs at the time.

Question 3

An older adult is most likely to have inadequate nutrient intake if he or she lives

A) in a retirement community.
B) with a spouse.
C) alone.
D) with family.

Answer 3

C
Inadequate nutrient intake is more apparent in elderly people who live alone compared with those who have a companion to eat with and enjoy the food.

Question 4

Prescription and over-the-counter drugs can affect nutritional status because they

A) may contain toxins.
B) often result in addiction.
C) usually contain nutrients.
D) may affect appetite or absorption of nutrients.

Question 5

The number of calories per day supplied as carbohydrate for older adults who require 2000 kcal per day would be

A) 450 to 650.
B) 750 to 1250.
C) 900 to 1300.
D) 1100 to 1450.

Question 6

Each decade,basal energy needs decrease

A) 0.5% to 1%.
B) 1% to 2%.
C) 2% to 4%.
D) 5% to 8%.

Question 7

Making a choice to lose weight and manage one's cholesterol level is most characteristic of which of the following age groups?

A) young adult
B) middle adult
C) school-age child
D) adolescence

Question 8

It may be advisable for an older adult to take a vitamin or mineral supplement

A) daily.
B) weekly.
C) if he or she has been ill.
D) if he or she is under stress.

Question 9

The Older Americans Act provides home-delivered meals for those who

A) cannot afford food.
B) prefer not to leave home.
C) are ill or disabled.
D) are malnourished.

Question 10

A 65-year-old patient's ideal body weight is 115 lbs and on the yearly physical for the past 2 years reveals a recorded weight of 121 lbs.The assessment for this patient would be which of the following?

A) slightly underweight
B) close to ideal body weight
C) slightly overweight
D) maintained constant weight

Question 11

John is a 34-year-old who is active in his community coaching football.He was also recently promoted to a director level position at this job.John is in _____ adulthood.

A) young
B) young and middle
C) middle
D) older

Question 12

Congregate meals are most often served at a

A) church.
B) senior center.
C) nursing home.
D) hospital.

Question 13

Diabetes is an example of a chronic disease most often appearing during

A) childhood.
B) early adulthood.
C) middle adulthood.
D) older adulthood.

Question 14

The congregate meal for seniors is

A) breakfast.
B) the noon meal.
C) the evening meal.
D) decided by the center.

Question 15

The older adult's diet should include adequate carbohydrates to

A) provide a substrate for vitamins and minerals.
B) support normal brain function.
C) provide building material for muscle mass.
D) maintain blood glucose level.

Question 16

Physiologic problems of older adults include

A) diarrhea.
B) increased salivary secretions.
C) decreased thirst and taste sensations.
D) increased muscle tone.

Question 17

Contributing factors for osteoporosis include

A) inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake.
B) increased estrogen after menopause.
C) excess weight.
D) excess iron intake.

Question 18

A 42-year-old who makes independent decisions regarding who to marry and what type of family is desired is considered to be making what type of choices?

A) independent
B) dependent
C) wealthy
D) introspective

Question 19

Energy requirements decrease as adults age because

A) older adults have less stress than younger adults.
B) younger adults are still growing; older adults are not.
C) the height of adults decreases with age.
D) the number of functioning body cells decreases with age.

Question 20

The Older Americans Act provides

A) congregate and home-delivered meals.
B) meals served at shelters and community centers.
C) meals served at care facilities and hospices.
D) meals for homeless older adults.

Question 21

The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)identifies

A) emotional stability.
B) nutritional risk.
C) vitamin deficiency.
D) social isolation.

Question 22

The protein needs of an older adult are influenced by the adequacy of _____ intake.

A) fiber
B) caloric
C) vitamin
D) mineral

Question 23

Factors that influence the nutrition needs of young adults include

A) growth.
B) climate.
C) personality type.
D) physical activity.

Question 24

Examples of foods high in nutrients that help prevent osteoporosis are

A) cottage cheese and oranges.
B) yogurt and canned salmon.
C) oatmeal and green leafy vegetables.
D) broccoli and liver.

Question 25

Feeding older adults with sensitivity includes

A) giving sufficient time to chew and swallow.
B) serving only pureed foods.
C) avoiding liquids with meals.
D) serving bland foods.

Question 26

Dehydration is more common in older adults than in younger adults because

A) the kidneys excrete too much water.
B) the thirst mechanism diminishes.
C) intracellular versus extracellular water balance is disturbed.
D) more water needs to be ingested to maintain hydration.

Question 27

Older adults need more vitamin D than younger adults because they

A) are less efficient at making their own.
B) are in a state of positive calcium balance.
C) excrete large amounts in their urine.
D) do not eat enough fat to absorb the vitamin efficiently.

Question 28

For residents in long-term care facilities the type of diet model recommended is

A) most restrictive.
B) least restrictive.
C) no sugar.
D) low protein.

Question 29

A major factor in weight control is

A) physical activity.
B) mineral supplementation.
C) steroid use.
D) vitamin supplementation.

Question 30

Factors that commonly contribute to malnutrition in older adults include

A) type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
B) loss of teeth or poorly fitting dentures.
C) a weight 10% above desirable standards.
D) increased energy and nutrient needs.