Deck 20: Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

The largest portion of islet cells in the pancreas are the cells that synthesize

A) glucagon.
B) insulin.
C) somatostatin.
D) growth hormone.

Answer 1

B
The largest portion of islet cells are the cells that synthesize insulin,a hormone.

Question 2

Uncontrolled diabetes is related to the abnormal metabolism of

A) carbohydrates and proteins.
B) proteins and fats.
C) carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
D) carbohydrates only.

Answer 2

C
Uncontrolled diabetes causes alterations in glucose metabolism as well as abnormal metabolism of proteins and fats.

Question 3

The accumulation of glucose in the blood is called

A) glycosuria.
B) polydipsia.
C) hyperglycemia.
D) hypoglycemia.

Answer 3

C
The accumulation of glucose in the blood is called hyperglycemia and the presence of low glucose in the blood is called hypoglycemia.

Question 4

The primary organ involved in the disease process of type 1 diabetes mellitus is the

A) adrenal gland.
B) pancreas.
C) kidney.
D) liver.

Question 5

Ketones are a by-product of the metabolism of

A) carbohydrates.
B) proteins.
C) fats.
D) alcohol.

Question 6

The three common long-term complications of diabetes affect the cells of the

A) pancreas, liver, and spleen.
B) kidney, eye, and nerve tissue.
C) kidney, liver, and spleen.
D) heart, liver, and brain.

Question 7

For a patient with diabetes,a good nonnutritive choice to sweeten tea would be

A) cane sugar.
B) aspartame.
C) honey.
D) fructose.

Question 8

A food that represents one carbohydrate exchange would be

A) 1 slice whole wheat bread
B) 1 cup vanilla ice cream
C) 5 ounces white tuna
D) 1 tsp margarine

Question 9

Type 2 diabetes is most common in

A) infants.
B) children.
C) adolescents.
D) older adults.

Question 10

The main factors that influence development of type 2 diabetes mellitus are

A) weight and heredity.
B) liver disease.
C) enzyme deficiencies.
D) childhood illnesses.

Question 11

For a patient receiving a 2000 kcal diet,the recommended range of calories that should come from carbohydrate is

A) 500 - 750 kcal.
B) 750 - 900 kcal.
C) 900 - 1300 kcal.
D) 1350 - 165 kcal.

Question 12

In reviewing the plan of care for a patient with type 2 diabetes who is overweight and likes to eat sweets,an initial goal might be to

A) start 10 units of regular insulin 30 minutes before each meal.
B) replace snack of 5 filled chocolate cookies with 3 graham crackers.
C) check blood sugar after eating cookies and initiate sliding scale insulin.
D) remove all carbohydrate foods and encourage only high protein foods.

Question 13

The hormone that is synthesized by the pancreatic isle t cells is

A) glycogen.
B) ketone.
C) somatostatin.
D) insulin.

Question 14

The hormone considered to act in a manner opposite to insulin is

A) glucagon.
B) somatostatin.
C) growth hormone.
D) adrenaline.

Question 15

A 62-year-old patient with a history of blood sugars slightly above normal and recurrent skin infections may need to be further assessed for

A) type 2 diabetes.
B) gestational diabetes.
C) chronic kidney disease.
D) hepatitis.

Question 16

A good source of fiber rich food is

A) steel cut oats.
B) grilled chicken breast.
C) cinnamon apple sauce.
D) an English muffin.

Question 17

The nonnutritive sweetener that is composed of two amino acids is

A) saccharine.
B) aspartame.
C) cyclamate.
D) acesulfame-K.

Question 18

Which of the following functions is not associated with the hormone insulin?

A) moves glucose into the cell
B) inhibits fat breakdown
C) converts glucose into glycogen
D) mobilizes liver glycogen to yield glucose

Question 19

A blood sugar of 85 mg/dL would be considered

A) below normal.
B) borderline.
C) normal.
D) above normal.

Question 20

An individual attends a community sponsored health screening event and a slightly elevated blood sugar is detected.An appropriate intervention would be to

A) inform the individual that he/she has diabetes and should go to the emergency room immediately.
B) recommend the individual begin a high protein, low carbohydrate diet and begin exercising.
C) recommend the individual follow up with his/her health care practitioner for further evaluation.
D) tell the individual not to worry and there is no need for any additional follow-up.

Question 21

Type 2 diabetes usually appears after the age of _____ years.

A) 30
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60

Question 22

A menu selection high in saturated fat is

A) grilled turkey burgers with onion and peppers.
B) baked ziti with sausage and cream sauce.
C) baked salmon and herbed potatoes.
D) baked macaroni and tomato sauce.

Question 23

The amount of dietary energy intake from fat recommended for a person with diabetes receiving an 1800 kcal diet should range

A) 100 - 150 kcal.
B) 220 - 575 kcal.
C) 250 - 630 kcal.
D) 360 - 630 kcal.

Question 24

The number of kcals from protein for an adult with diabetes receiving a 2200 kcal diet should be between

A) 100 - 330 kcal.
B) 220 - 770 kcal.
C) 250 - 800 kcal
D) 350 - 1200 kcal.

Question 25

For individuals with type 2 diabetes,exercise

A) decreases insulin efficiency.
B) stimulates the release of insulin.
C) decreases risk of cardiovascular disease.
D) raises blood glucose levels.

Question 26

A food that is not in the meat group of the Choose Your Foods: Exchange Lists for Diabetes is

A) turkey.
B) shrimp.
C) egg.
D) milk.

Question 27

Mr.Jones is 20 lb above his desirable weight and has type 2 diabetes.A recommendation to Mr.Jones would be to

A) increase kilocalorie intake.
B) include between-meal snacks.
C) take extra food during exercise.
D) decrease kilocalorie intake.

Question 28

If the diet prescription for type 1 diabetes allows 2200 kcal,and if the common distribution of kilocalories is followed,then the number of grams of carbohydrates in the diet plan should be _____g.

A) 50
B) 100
C) 200
D) 275

Question 29

The form of insulin that has its peak action within 7 to 14 hours is

A) rapid-acting form.
B) intermediate-acting form.
C) long-acting form.
D) oral hypoglycemic agent.

Question 30

Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus are at risk for developing

A) chronic kidney disease.
B) type 2 diabetes.
C) type 1 diabetes.
D) morbid obesity.