Deck 21: Kidney Disease

Question 1

Mr.Brady has chronic kidney disease.He is 55 years of age,weighs 165 lbs,and has a GFR of 22mL/min.His estimated energy needs per day are approximately

A) 2200 kcal/d.
B) 2350 kcal/d.
C) 2625 kcal/d.
D) 2850 kcal/d.

Answer 1

C
Carbohydrate and fat must provide enough energy to spare protein,and for those individuals who are younger than 60 years of age with CKD and GFRs less than 25 mL/min,35 kcal/kg/day are required to meet this need.In this case,165 lbs = 75 kg.75 kg x 35 kcal/kg/d = 2625 kcal.

Question 2

The structure responsible for filtering the blood is the

A) loop of Henle.
B) proximal tubule.
C) distal tubule.
D) glomerulus.

Answer 2

D
The glomerulus filters the blood.Only the larger blood proteins and cells remain behind in the circulating blood as it leaves the glomerulus.

Question 3

Ms.Jones comes to the emergency department with a severe drug reaction to penicillin.She may be at risk for

A) diabetes or heart disease.
B) high sodium intake.
C) protein-energy malnutrition.
D) acute kidney failure.

Answer 3

D
Acute kidney failure can result from drug reactions in allergic or sensitive persons,such as a reaction to antibiotics (such as penicillin)or antimicrobial agents.

Question 4

The massive edema of nephrotic syndrome is caused by

A) blockage in the nephron tubules.
B) excessive fluid intake.
C) large protein losses in the urine.
D) a diet too high in sodium.

Question 5

The bone disease osteodystrophy develops because of the kidney's inability to

A) excrete calcium.
B) activate vitamin D.
C) absorb vitamin D.
D) excrete urea.

Question 6

Azotemia refers to elevated blood levels of

A) glucose.
B) cholesterol.
C) amines.
D) urea.

Question 7

A progressive increase in serum urea levels occurs in

A) acute renal failure.
B) glomerulonephritis.
C) chronic kidney failure.
D) nephrotic syndrome.

Question 8

The microscopic functional units of the kidney are called

A) nephrons.
B) glomeruli.
C) tubules.
D) loops of Henle.

Question 9

Classic symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis include

A) azotemia.
B) proteinuria.
C) ascites.
D) anemia.

Question 10

Disease conditions that can interfere with normal nephron function include

A) obstruction and infection.
B) chronic caffeine intake.
C) chronic alcohol abuse.
D) anemia.

Question 11

Nephrotic syndrome,or nephrosis,is a disease that

A) is caused by chronic hypertension.
B) allows large amounts of protein to escape into the tubule.
C) causes the buildup of toxic wastes in the blood.
D) results in the formation of kidney stones.

Question 12

The presence of protein in the urine is called

A) hematuria.
B) oliguria.
C) proteinuria.
D) anuria.

Question 13

Medical nutrition therapy for nephrotic syndrome includes

A) high protein intake.
B) moderate protein intake.
C) high potassium intake.
D) fluid restriction.

Question 14

Glomerulonephritis or nephritic syndrome is one of the causes of

A) stage 5 CKD or ESRD.
B) stage 1 CKD.
C) kidney stones.
D) heart failure.

Question 15

The hormone that causes the kidneys to reabsorb water and decrease urine production is

A) renin.
B) vitamin D.
C) erythropoietin.
D) antidiuretic hormone.

Question 16

Clinical symptoms associated with chronic kidney disease do not include

A) anemia.
B) diabetes mellitus.
C) hypertension.
D) bone pain.

Question 17

The bone disease called osteodystrophy is associated with

A) glomerulonephritis.
B) acute renal failure.
C) chronic renal failure.
D) nephrotic syndrome.

Question 18

The sudden shutdown of kidney function as the result of traumatic injury is called

A) nephrosis.
B) glomerulonephritis.
C) acute kidney failure.
D) chronic kidney failure.

Question 19

A major clinical symptom of acute kidney failure is

A) hematuria.
B) proteinuria.
C) oliguria.
D) massive edema.

Question 20

The classic symptoms of chronic kidney failure result from

A) a diet high in sodium.
B) a diet chronically low in fluid intake.
C) severe trauma to the body.
D) progressive loss of nephrons.

Question 21

The type of diet recommended for a person with a calcium stone depends on

A) body weight.
B) the composition of the stone.
C) fiber intake.
D) fluid intake.

Question 22

The "cleaning solution" used in hemodialysis is called the

A) filtrate.
B) plasma.
C) urine.
D) dialysate.

Question 23

Carbohydrates and fats are important in the diets of patients with kidney disease because they

A) prevent fatigue.
B) spare protein for tissue synthesis.
C) are low in sodium.
D) are metabolized before they reach the kidney.

Question 24

The method of dialysis that allows patients to be mobile is

A) hemodialysis.
B) renal dialysis.
C) peritoneal dialysis.
D) continuous dialysis.

Question 25

Patients with chronic renal disease may need to restrict their intake of foods high in phosphorus,such as

A) milk, nuts, and legumes.
B) meat, chicken, and fish.
C) bread, cereal, rice, and pasta.
D) fruit and potatoes.

Question 26

One of the first recommendations for any type of kidney stone is to

A) increase the fiber in the diet.
B) reduce calcium intake.
C) increase fluid intake.
D) decrease protein intake.

Question 27

The patient treated by peritoneal dialysis can increase _____ intake.

A) protein
B) phosphorus
C) caloric
D) fat

Question 28

For patients treated with dialysis,a good source of protein could be

A) sherbet.
B) green beans.
C) scrambled egg.
D) apple crisp.

Question 29

The most common type of kidney stone is composed of

A) calcium.
B) uric acid.
C) cystine.
D) magnesium.

Question 30

Symptoms of chronic kidney failure include

A) nitrogen retention.
B) euphoria.
C) jaundice.
D) inability to sleep.

Question 31

For patients with uric acid stones,health practitioners may recommend a diet low in

A) calcium.
B) vegetable protein.
C) animal protein.
D) fat.