Deck 1: Introduction

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a role of the clinical laboratory professional?

A)Correlate lab results with appropriate disease states
B)Correlate lab results with disease pathophysiology
C)Correlate lab results with treatment
D)Order reflex tests

Answer 1

Order reflex tests

Question 2

The predominant blood leukocyte found in children is the:

A)Monocyte.
B)Lymphocyte.
C)Neutrophil.
D)Eosinophil.

Answer 2

Lymphocyte.

Question 3

Which two populations account for the greatest difference in reference intervals?

A)Adults and 12-year-olds
B)Newborns and 12-year-olds
C)Newborns and adults
D)Whites and blacks

Answer 3

Newborns and adults

Question 4

The protein found in erythrocytes that is responsible for oxygen transport is:

A)Albumin.
B)Gamma globulin.
C)Oxygen protein.
D)Hemoglobin.

Question 5

What percentage of the total blood volume is comprised of formed elements?

A)55
B)45
C)100
D)10

Question 6

Payment for health care services under Medicare is based on:

A)PPS.
B)Fee for services.
C)Capitated pay.
D)None of the above.

Question 7

An abnormal test result is defined as:

A)The opposite of a normal test result.
B)A value that is outside the reference interval for a particular analyte.
C)A value that is below the reference range for multiple analytes.
D)A value that is above the reference range for a single analyte.

Question 8

Under a capitated payment plan, the provider is decided upon by whom?

A)The insurer
B)The consumer or patient
C)Health care organizations
D)Physicians groups

Question 9

The focus of a clinical pathway is on changing structure and processes to achieve what goal?

A)Provide assistance in difficult diagnostic cases
B)Provide better patient outcomes
C)Develop better communication among the health care team
D)Decrease laboratory test utilization

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a cellular component of blood?

A)Leukocytes
B)Platelets
C)Erythrocytes
D)Albumin

Question 11

Under Medicare for laboratory testing, what codes are used for billing purposes?

A)Fee for service
B)Prospective payment service
C)Current procedural terminology
D)Capitated payment plan

Question 12

In disease management, the term "practice guidelines" is synonymous with:

A)Critical pathway.
B)Clinical pathway.
C)Patient-focused approach.
D)Managed care.

Question 13

Which of the following can explain a decrease of erythrocytes?

A)Blood loss
B)Infection
C)Dehydration
D)Neutropenia

Question 14

Under managed cost plans, laboratory services must be considered as what?

A)A source of revenue
B)A managed resource
C)A reimbursement source
D)A cost

Question 15

The liquid portion of anticoagulated blood is called:

A)Serum.
B)Plasma.
C)Whole blood.
D)None of the above.

Question 16

When bilirubin is increased above the reference range, what disease process should be suspected if liver disease is ruled out?

A)Increased osmotic pressure
B)Hormone imbalance
C)Decreased albumin
D)Increased metabolism of hemoglobin

Question 17

The cellular component of blood that is involved in hemostasis is:

A)Leukocyte.
B)Erythrocyte.
C)Thrombocyte.
D)Hemoglobin.

Question 18

Which of the following is an expected finding in a newborn?

A)WBC count = 2 x 10⁹/L
B)PLT count = 100 x 10⁹/L
C)Hemoglobin = 17.0 g/dL
D)RBC count = 3.50 x 10⁹/L

Question 19

What component of plasma assists in the transport of bilirubin?

A)Enzymes
B)Hydrogen
C)Calcium
D)Albumin

Question 20

Platelets and coagulation proteins are circulating components responsible for what process?

A)Hemolysis
B)Hemostasis
C)Normal cell production
D)Immune defense

Question 21

Explain how a reference interval is determined.

Question 22

Name three blood analytes that show significantly different results in adults, children, and infants.

Question 23

Which of the following blood cell components would be most influenced in a patient with tonsillitis?

A)Leukocyte
B)Erythrocyte
C)Thrombocyte
D)Hemoglobin

Question 24

Which of the following formed elements could result in hypoxia if decreased?

A)Leukocytes
B)Erythrocytes
C)Platelets
D)None of the above

Question 25

Which of the following blood constituents is associated with increased red blood cell destruction?

A)Bilirubin
B)Albumin
C)Blood urea nitrogen
D)Immunoglobulins

Question 26

What is the main difference between the clinical pathway and the critical pathway?

A)Nothing; they are the same thing.
B)The clinical pathway helps determine a method of diagnosis and treatment, whereas a critical pathway occurs after treatment has begun.
C)Physicians are reimbursed for services based on the clinical pathway used while the laboratory is reimbursed based on a critical pathway.
D)Critical pathways are developed by the physicians and clinical pathways are developed by the laboratory team.

Question 27

Explain how the hemostatic pathway is activated in times of need.

Question 28

List five ways to optimize laboratory test utilization to improve patient outcomes.

Question 29

All of the following must be taken into consideration when establishing a reference interval for a group of individuals EXCEPT:

A)The geographic area.
B)Age of the population.
C)Occupations of the population.
D)Sex of the population.

Question 30

Which of the following could be reflexed from an abnormal RBC count?

A)Prothrombin time
B)Blood urea nitrogen
C)Reticulocyte count
D)WBC count

Question 31

Which component of blood passes through blood vessel walls into surrounding tissues to defend the body against invading foreign antigens?

A)Red blood cells
B)Platelets
C)Leukocytes
D)Gamma globulin

Question 32

Which of the following tests could be reflexed from an abnormal prothrombin time?

A)Molecular analysis of clotting factors
B)Complete blood count
C)Measurement of albumin
D)Hemoglobin analysis

Question 33

Give two reasons for transfusing leukoreduced, irradiated, packed red blood cells.

Question 34

What is the main difference between capitated pay and fee-for-service pay?

A)Entity controlling the service and fees
B)Amount of reimbursement
C)Type of health care providers who can participate
D)The selection of beneficiaries by the insurer