Deck 15: Women: The Oppressed Majority

Question 1

Which of the following people will feel the impact of the matrix of domination the most?

A) White men
B) non-White men
C) non-White women
D) White women

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Mary is a 34-year-old successful corporate lawyer and is due for promotion, but her firm keeps passing her up because she is planning to start a family. This treatment of Mary by the firm is an example of ________.

A) androgyny
B) an occupational segregation
C) a mommy track
D) ageism

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The concept of ________ permits women and men to be both aggressive and expressive, depending on the requirements of the situation.

Answer 3

androgyny

Question 4

________ is the ideology that one sex is superior to the other.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of a functionalist view of gender roles in the society?

A) It denies the presence of a differentiation by sex.
B) It contends that the relationship between females and males has been one of unequal power.
C) It argues in favor of adults specializing in particular roles within families.
D) It debates that more flexible gender roles will lead to social stability.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true of gender roles?

A) The gender roles first encountered in early childhood often are a factor in defining a child's popularity.
B) Socialization does not impact the development of females and males in the United States.
C) Gender roles develop innately in males and females and they cannot be conditioned to assume different roles.
D) Animals have instinctual gender differences similar to masculinity and femininity of humans.

Question 7

Women's suffrage became the law with the ________ to the Constitution.

A) Tenth Amendment
B) Second Amendment
C) Twenty-sixth Amendment
D) Nineteenth Amendment

Question 8

Which of the following align with the gender roles of a traditional society?

A) a man teaching his children to fold the laundry
B) a woman coaching the community children to play soccer
C) a woman teaching her young neighbor to knit
D) a man sharing his recipe for a cake with a friend

Question 9

________ maintain that sex differentiation has contributed to overall social stability.

A) Functionalists
B) Conflict theorists
C) Interactionists
D) Feminists

Question 10

The term ________ is used to describe the double burden, work outside the home followed by childcare and housework, that many women face and that few men share equitably.

Question 11

In the United States, which of the following is true of the political activity of women?

A) Women constitute a very small percent of the voting population.
B) Women hold a majority of high government positions.
C) Women tend to vote less Republican than men in national elections.
D) The number of women serving in Congress has steadily decreased.

Question 12

Elementary school boys typically achieve high status on the basis of their ________.

A) athletic ability
B) academic achievements
C) parents' economic background
D) physical appearance

Question 13

Carla believes that if all women were to give up homemaking and childrearing and become breadwinners while men take on these roles, it would result in social chaos. With which of the following perspectives do her beliefs align?

A) conflict perspective
B) functionalist perspective
C) feminist perspective
D) interactionist perspective

Question 14

Gerard stays at home and cares for his two children-a task that he enjoys and is good at. His wife, Emma, is a junior partner at a law firm and works full-time. Both Gerard and Emma believe that the roles they have chosen allow them to put their respective capabilities to optimal use. Their beliefs align with the ________.

A) world systems theory
B) functionalist view
C) conflict perspective
D) principle of third-generation interest

Question 15

Elizabeth is a twelve-year-old girl who moved to a new school. In a society based on traditional gender roles, which of the following will help Elizabeth gain popularity?

A) athletic ability
B) academic success
C) toughness
D) coolness

Question 16

Functionalists believe that the arrangement of gender roles with which they were familiar had arisen because ________.

A) relationship between females and males has been one of unequal power
B) marital partners needed a division of labor
C) females bear children and are natural care givers
D) biological differences made the males superior to females

Question 17

Which of the following best describes gender roles?

A) It refers to expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females.
B) It refers to the ideology establishing equal rights for men and women.
C) It refers to the barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified worker because of gender.
D) It refers to the double burden that is faced by many women and that very few men share equitably.

Question 18

Samantha is a very demanding yet compassionate sports teacher at the local public school. She prefers wearing pants to work and skirts for all other occasions. She is also an excellent cook. Given this information, which of the following terms best describes Samantha?

A) masculine
B) androgynous
C) feminine
D) transsexual

Question 19

The lower salaries women earn over their lifetime because they have children is called ________.

A) occupational distancing
B) pay inequity
C) second shift
D) mommy tax

Question 20

Which of the following statements about gender roles is true?

A) They are influenced by hormones.
B) They result from biological differences.
C) They vary across different cultures.
D) They have remained constant over time.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true of male liberation?

A) It supports the concept of the feminine mystique.
B) Its goals are in opposition to those of the feminist movement.
C) It seeks to free men from the constraints of the masculine value system.
D) It involves conditioning men for higher achievement in the physical and occupational domain.

Question 22

Which of the following is an effort to eliminate institutional discrimination and addresses cases of sex discrimination?

A) the Employment Act of 1946
B) the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
C) the Civil Rights Act of 1964
D) the Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act of 1978

Question 23

During the late nineteenth century, the suffragists worked to get women the right to ________.

A) education
B) vote
C) military service
D) maternity leave

Question 24

Which of the following is an occupation in which women earn slightly more than men for doing comparable work?

A) chief communications officer
B) maintenance management professional
C) telecommunications line installer
D) housekeeper

Question 25

Hannah and Steven both work as receptionists at a large hospital and receive the same salary for their work. This is an example of ________.

A) gender roles
B) pay equity
C) redlining
D) resegregation

Question 26

________ refers to the same wages for different types of work that are judged to be comparable by such measures as employee knowledge, skills, effort, responsibility, and working conditions.

A) Occupational integration
B) Pay equity
C) Occupational assimilation
D) Equal opportunity

Question 27

The suffrage movement that led to the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution ________.

A) received unanimous support from the Congress
B) was started and advocated by non-White unemployed men
C) took a very long time to reach victory
D) was sponsored by brewers

Question 28

According to feminists of contemporary America, the early feminist movements were focused on ________.

A) white middle-class
B) African American lower class
C) non-industrial countries
D) extreme poverty

Question 29

________ is an ideology establishing equal rights for women.

A) Familism
B) Androgyny
C) Sexism
D) Feminism

Question 30

Which of the following accurately describes occupational segregation by gender?

A) It is the physical separation of men and women often imposed on religious grounds.
B) It is the tendency for men and women to be employed in occupation that is the result of residential patterns.
C) It is the tendency to assign children to separate schools specifically on the basis of gender.
D) It is the tendency for men and women to be employed in different lines of work from each other.

Question 31

Which of the following consequences of the Nineteenth Amendment is accurate?

A) The women's movement faded away in the first half of the century.
B) Women started voting as a bloc.
C) The success of the suffrage movement automatically led to other feminist reforms.
D) Women have been elected to office in significant proportion to their numbers.

Question 32

Which of the following is considered a nontraditional occupation for women in the United States?

A) bookkeepers
B) registered nurses
C) domestic workers
D) engineers

Question 33

A women's magazine that publishes articles and prints advertisements that encourage and glorify the role of woman as mother, wife, and housekeeper is advancing the concept of ________.

A) feminism
B) the feminine mystique
C) the second shift
D) sexism

Question 34

Which of the following is the primary source of institutional discrimination suffered by women?

A) mental ability
B) physical agility
C) cultural conditioning
D) market requirement

Question 35

The suffrage movement succeeded in gaining women the right to vote. This is a truly remarkable achievement because ________.

A) group solidarity was nonexistent among its advocates
B) the number of its supporters was steadily decreasing
C) women allegedly try to outwit men by feminine wiles
D) it had to rely on male legislators to ratify the right

Question 36

Which of the following is true of the economic picture of contemporary American women?

A) They earn more than men in high-status occupations.
B) They work in the same fields as men and earn less.
C) They earn the same as men in part-time gender-typed jobs for women.
D) They tend to go into lower-paying specialties.

Question 37

The feminine mystique refers to ________.

A) the sweetness and charm of women
B) the ultimate goals of the feminist movement
C) society idealizing women as mothers and wives
D) women's desire to be perceived as mysterious

Question 38

A socialist who argues that changing gender roles would lead to social disorder and instability is a(n) ________.

A) abolitionist
B) suffragist
C) conflict theorist
D) functionalist

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true of occupational segregation by gender in the United States?

A) It no longer exists.
B) The female-male wage gap has widened since the 1970s.
C) Fewer women are being placed in management positions.
D) Women in nontraditional positions receive lower wages.

Question 40

Which of the following is a logical counterpart of female liberation?

A) Men must be socialized to think that they should be invulnerable, fearless, decisive, and even emotionless.
B) Women must achieve physically and occupationally at some risk to their own values and those of others.
C) Women must be recognized by society as daughter, mother, and wife.
D) Men must redefine their gender roles as workers, husbands, and fathers.

Question 41

An unofficial career path that firms use for women who want to divide their attention between work and family is known as ________.

A) a mommy track
B) a familial profile
C) a homemaker's path
D) the glass escalator

Question 42

Stay-at-home mothers entering the work force, following a divorce or death of spouse, and who are not able to find full-time employment are referred to as ________.

A) displaced homemakers
B) second shifters
C) mommy tax payers
D) single mothers

Question 43

Kate is of the opinion that mothers are much more involved than fathers in the invisible mental labor associated with taking care of a baby. Which of the following statements will most likely strengthen her argument?

A) Fathers do a better job as homemakers and caregivers for children than mothers.
B) Mothers feel guilty later if they become too consumed with the demands of their jobs that they fail to think about their babies.
C) A majority of mothers and fathers feel that the ideal situation for young children is to have a mother who works full time.
D) A majority of working mothers report that it is not very difficult to balance the responsibilities of their job and their family.

Question 44

In the United States, the League of Women Voters, founded in 1920, performs which of the following functions?

A) It campaigns for female candidates.
B) It educates the electorate of both sexes.
C) It chooses the candidate women should vote for.
D) It selects a member as a candidate for the elections.

Question 45

The term second shift refers to ________.

A) the late night shift of a 24-hour service facility
B) the second job of people working two or more jobs
C) the work outside the home followed by childcare and housework
D) child care centers that offer after school care facility to single working moms

Question 46

Sarah divides her time between her career and her family. She has the same qualifications and total work experience as her male peers but has had a two-year gap in her work experience. If she is receiving a salary less than her peers, she is most likely being subject to ________.

A) sexual harassment
B) the mommy tax
C) the glass escalator
D) reverse discrimination

Question 47

Nancy works in the advertising department of her company. Even though her ad campaigns are the most successful in the firm, she has never been offered a managerial position. A number of younger, lesser talented men have, however, been promoted to managerial positions over her 30-year tenure. This is an example of ________.

A) reverse discrimination
B) the glass ceiling
C) the mommy track
D) sexual harassment

Question 48

Which of the following aligns with the Title IX provisions imposed on schools?

A) Schools must segregate classes and extracurricular activities based on gender.
B) Schools must inquire whether an applicant is married, pregnant, or a parent at the time of admissions.
C) Schools must end sexist hiring and promotion practices among faculty members.
D) Schools must ensure women have equal opportunities and all-men's athletic teams should be banned.

Question 49

Which of the following arguments aligns with the ideologies of people who call themselves "pro-life?"

A) Human life only begins when the fetus can stay alive outside the womb.
B) Abortion in the third trimester is moral, legal, and socially acceptable.
C) Whether or not to terminate a pregnancy is entirely a woman's decision.
D) The fetus is a human, not merely a potential life.

Question 50

Which of the following has been observed among teachers in contemporary American schools?

A) Teachers are impartial and treat boys and girls the same.
B) Male teachers are more likely to pay attention to girls.
C) Teachers offer boys more academic assistance.
D) Female teachers are more likely to pay attention to girls.

Question 51

The burden of supporting a family is especially difficult for single mothers because of ________.

A) lack of market-relevant jobs
B) low educational attainment
C) residence in economically deteriorating areas
D) inadequate child support

Question 52

According to U.S. law, the public display of photographs of nude and partly nude women at a workplace constitutes ________.

A) sexism
B) sexual harassment
C) women's suffrage
D) the self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 53

Feminization of poverty refers to the trend in the United States since World War II in which ________.

A) median earnings of full-time female workers is more than male workers
B) women account for a growing proportion of people living in poverty
C) a growing proportion of women in better-paying nontraditional professions are leaving behind poverty
D) the narrowing of the female-male wage gap is due to men's wages leveling off

Question 54

According to the U.S. Supreme Court, which of the following encompass a woman's decision whether or not to terminate a pregnancy?

A) the Fourteenth Amendment
B) the Twentieth Amendment
C) the Second Amendment
D) the Nineteenth Amendment

Question 55

Sophia is a feminist and addresses issues concerning single mothers, displaced homemakers, and feminization of poverty. Which of the following is she most likely to hold responsible for the problems of poor women?

A) matriarchal societies
B) persistence of classroom sexism
C) male dominance of the political system
D) lack of gender-sensitive jobs

Question 56

According to the conflict theorists, which of the following is a cause for the higher rates of poverty among women?

A) lack of market-relevant job skills
B) low educational attainment
C) sex discrimination
D) residence in economically deteriorating areas

Question 57

In 1976, Congress passed the Hyde Amendment which affected poor people the most because it ________.

A) stopped federal aid to universities and colleges for the underprivileged students
B) prevented the use of federal funds for child support to single working mothers
C) banned the use of Medicaid and other federal funds for abortions
D) limited the number of state aided charities and shelters

Question 58

At the end of 2009, which of the following states in the United States has had a woman governor?

A) Washington
B) North Dakota
C) California
D) New York

Question 59

In the context of legal abortions in the United States, which of the following is accurate?

A) A woman has the right to abortion anytime during her pregnancy.
B) All abortions in the third trimester except in extreme medical cases are prohibited.
C) All abortions are prohibited.
D) The states shall decide the legality of every request to an abortion.

Question 60

Congressional amendments to various acts designed to eliminate sexist practices from almost all school systems are collectively called ________.

A) Reading First
B) Title IX
C) Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment
D) Equal Education Opportunity Act

Question 61

In the United States, one of the barriers to electoral office for women until 1990s was ________.

A) working as campaign workers
B) their inactivity in politics
C) carrying petitions
D) attracting campaign funds

Question 62

What is mommy tax? How does it affect working mothers in the United States?

Question 63

Discuss the plight of minority women in the United States. Use the example of Latinas to explain your answer.

Question 64

What is feminization of poverty? Discuss the reasons that have led to it.

Question 65

Madison is a Black feminist. Which of the following most accurately represents her views on feminism?

A) Black Nationalism distracts women from full participation in the African American struggle.
B) Gender roles have contributed to overall social stability and had arisen because marital partners needed a division of labor.
C) It is solely Whites and White-dominated media that portray Black women in a negative light.
D) Accepting the gender-role divisions of the dominant society places women in a subservient position.

Question 66

Which of the following Native American tribes usually were matriarchal and traced descent through the mother?

A) Southern tribes
B) Western tribes
C) Midwestern tribes
D) Northeastern tribes

Question 67

Cumulative impact of oppression because of race, gender, and class as well as sexual orientation, religion, disability status, and age is termed as ________.

A) institutional segregation
B) pluralism
C) matrix of domination
D) color-blind racism

Question 68

In the United States, ________ are an historical exception to the patriarchal tradition.

A) African Americans
B) Latin Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) Native Americans

Question 69

What are the main provisions of Title IX? Discuss the consequences of its passage.

Question 70

Explain how the five properties of a subordinate or minority group apply to women. Discuss the similarities between the status of African Americans and that of women.

Question 71

Which of the following statements is true of the role of Latinas in society in the past?

A) Latinas have headed their families until the arrival of European missionaries.
B) The Catholic Church has relegated women to supportive roles while reserving for men the leadership positions.
C) The distinctive experiences of Latinas have overshadowed their role in the Hispanic or feminist movements.
D) Latinas have been active in decision making in all aspects that affect their daily lives.

Question 72

What is the significance of the suffrage movement? How was it received by the society and what was its outcome?

Question 73

Contrast the perspectives of functionalists and conflict theorists on development of gender roles.