Deck 5: Ethnicity and Religion

Question 1

________ was considered to be an early exception to the assimilationist approach to White ethnic groups.

A) The principle of third generation interest
B) Ethnic pluralism
C) Symbolic ethnicity
D) The theory of bicultural immersion

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is the ethnic paradox?

A) the portrayal of the problems of ethnic minorities as their fault rather than recognizing society's responsibilities
B) the maintenance of one's ethnic ties in a way that can assist with one's assimilation in larger society
C) the belief that one's own culture is not as good as the dominant culture in society
D) the actions that cause better qualified Whites to be passed over for ethnic minority men

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following lays emphasis on ethnic food and ethnically associated political issues rather than deeper ties to one's heritage?

A) ethnic paradox
B) civil religion
C) secessionist minority
D) symbolic ethnicity

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Ethnic maintenance is typically measured by ________.

A) economic success
B) educational attainment
C) facility in the religious scriptures
D) facility in the mother language

Question 5

Which of the following is true of maintaining ethnicity and assimilating into the dominant culture?

A) The ethnic community members are under constant psychological stress.
B) The ethnic community members may get a financial boost from the ethnic community.
C) The ethnic community members get a negative self-esteem.
D) The ethnic community members are inhibited from competing effectively in a larger society.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true about German Americans in the twenty-first century?

A) The German-American National Alliance declined membership to urban Protestant middle-class German Americans.
B) With World War I and the rise of the Nazi era, most German Americans distanced themselves from the politics in Germany.
C) With the end of wartime tensions, German Americans moved from having a single identity of White to multiple identities.
D) German Americans were denied permanent residential status due to the Nazi tyranny in Germany.

Question 7

Immigrant youth as well as adults who maintain their ethnicity tend to have ________.

A) a higher incidence of truancy
B) a higher incidence of delinquency
C) more success as indicated by educational attainment
D) less success as indicated by health measures

Question 8

________ reject both assimilation and coexistence in some form of cultural pluralism.

A) Creationists
B) Secessionist minorities
C) Transnationals
D) Secessionist revisionists

Question 9

The persistence of ethnic consciousness of a unique group that developed a cultural tradition distinct from that of the mainstream depends on ________.

A) foreign birth
B) a distinctive language
C) experiences in the United States
D) a unique way of life

Question 10

Luca claims his ancestors came from the country that was the largest single source of White immigrants to the United States. His ancestors were most likely from ________.

A) England
B) Ireland
C) Mexico
D) Germany

Question 11

According to which of the following, is there an increase in ethnic interest and awareness in the grandchildren of the original immigrants?

A) the principle of third generation interest
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) symbolic ethnicity
D) the theory of bicultural immersion

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about the ethnicity that exists in the twenty-first century?

A) White ethnics have completely relinquished their ethnic identity.
B) Ethnicity, as embraced by English-speaking Whites, includes active involvement in ethnic activities and participation in ethnic-related organizations.
C) Sizable proportions of White ethnics have gained large-scale entry into almost all clubs, cliques, and fraternal groups.
D) Ethnicity has become increasingly central to the lives of members of the ethnic group.

Question 13

After the American Revolution temporarily stopped the flow of immigration, ________ in Ireland spurred even greater movement to North America.

A) relative deprivation
B) religious intolerance
C) deteriorating economic conditions
D) de facto segregation

Question 14

________ are people who support a literal interpretation of the biblical book of Genesis on the origins of the universe and argue that evolution should not be presented as established scientific thought.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true of contemporary White people in the context of race?

A) They have a conscious racial identity.
B) They think of themselves as a special race.
C) They do not enjoy being reminded of their Whiteness.
D) They do not downplay the importance of their racial identity.

Question 16

________ is the religious dimension in the United States that merges public life with sacred beliefs.

A) Civil religion
B) Religious left
C) Religious ethnicity
D) Symbolic denomination

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true of German immigrants in the early history of America?

A) German became the national language owing to the large numbers of German immigrants.
B) The proceedings of the Continental Congress were published in English but not in German.
C) German Americans established bilingual programs in many public schools.
D) The English Americans welcomed German immigrants and treated them equally.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes White privilege?

A) It refers to actions that cause better qualified White men to be passed over for women and minority men.
B) It refers to taking school seriously and accepting the authority of teachers and administrators.
C) It refers to the process by which a dominant White group and a subordinate non-White group combine through intermarriage to form a new group.
D) It refers to the rights granted as a benefit or favor of being White and can be an element of Whiteness.

Question 19

When race is articulated or emphasized for Whites, it is more likely to ________.

A) be seen as threatening to Whites
B) restrict Whites from embracing their own race
C) allow them to embrace their national roots with pride
D) result in increased anti-Black bias

Question 20

What is intelligent design?

Question 21

According to the dominant Whites of New England, the Irish were once thought to be worse than freed Blacks because the Irish ________.

A) did not follow the Catholic church
B) accepted the behavior that was expected of them
C) had higher crime rates than others
D) did not suffer their maltreatment in silence

Question 22

The Irish immigrants who fled to the United States to escape the potato famine were more likely to consist of ________.

A) families
B) single men
C) single women
D) young couples

Question 23

Male Polish immigrants who came alone often took shelter through a system of inexpensive boarding houses called ________.

A) szlachta
B) Little Italy
C) Za Chlebem
D) tryzmanie bortnków

Question 24

Nativist movements of the Irish were ________ movements.

A) pro-Semitic
B) pro-Catholic
C) anti-immigrant
D) anti-Protestant

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true about the Irish immigrants?

A) The upper-class Irish immigrants were referred to as "shanty Irish."
B) Direct competition with Black Americans was a common feature during the immigration stages.
C) Irish immigrants stayed away from the church and viewed priesthood as an undesirable occupation.
D) The Irish immigrants assumed more leadership positions in politics and labor unions.

Question 26

Many Italians, especially in the early years of mass immigration in the nineteenth century, received their jobs through an ethnic labor contractor referred to as ________.

A) the padrone
B) the under God
C) imam
D) pau wau

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true of occupations assumed by the Irish Americans by 1910?

A) The Irish Americans stayed away from positions in politics and labor unions.
B) The priesthood was the professional occupation of choice for second-generation men.
C) Irish women were unable to compete with their German and English immigrant counterparts to become schoolteachers.
D) The Irish Americans were only able to seek employment as laborers.

Question 28

Which of the following paved the way for the Irish to become an integral part of the United States?

A) supporting the advent of priesthood as an occupation
B) importing a popular version of Catholicism
C) building on strong community and family networks
D) suffering their maltreatment in silence

Question 29

The term ________ has often been used in the United States to refer explicitly to religion.

A) ethnophaulism
B) pluralism
C) ageism
D) ethnocentrism

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true of the immigration of Italians in the 1920s?

A) Their immigration increased due to higher quota by the national origins system.
B) Mutual aid societies were set up to provide basic social services for them.
C) Education was still not valued by them as a means of upward mobility.
D) Becoming more educated helped ward off prejudice toward them.

Question 31

The ________ were the first immigrant group to encounter prolonged organized resistance.

A) Polish
B) Italians
C) Irish
D) Germans

Question 32

The migration of Poles who sought improvement in their lives was known as ________.

A) tryzmanie bortnków
B) Za Chlebem
C) szlachta
D) Intifada

Question 33

The fact that Italians often are characterized as criminal is an example of ________ toward White ethnics.

A) victim discounting
B) reverse discrimination
C) respectable bigotry
D) White privilege

Question 34

Italian Americans established special ties with the Black community in Southern society. Which of the following was a reason behind this?

A) The Black community had acquired advanced degrees and professions.
B) They received their jobs through labor contractors in Black community.
C) Both groups found comfort in the same Catholic Church.
D) Both groups were marginalized.

Question 35

The Irish immigrants and their children who began to move into the more affluent urban areas ________.

A) were referred to as the "shanty Irish"
B) were successfully and immediately assimilated
C) received derogatory remarks and comments
D) quickly overtook the dominant White community

Question 36

The lower-class Irish immigrants were referred to as ________.

A) desi
B) peoplehood
C) the lace curtain Irish
D) the shanty Irish

Question 37

When the Irish immigrated to America during the potato famine, they ________.

A) did not live in ethnic neighborhoods
B) were welcomed by other White Americans
C) encountered an emerging nativism
D) could easily find jobs in the city

Question 38

Which of the following statements is true of Italian Americans during the battle against Italy in World War II?

A) Some Italian Americans experienced hatred and violence.
B) Some Italian Americans were recruited by the federal government to specific offices by virtue of their ethnicity alone.
C) Italian Americans did not participate in the battle.
D) Italian Americans, who were citizens of Italy, were asked to guard an internment camp in Montana.

Question 39

Which of the following treatments did the Polish immigrants meet?

A) They were considered cultured.
B) They were stigmatized as outsiders.
C) They were viewed as a clever community.
D) They were treated as natives.

Question 40

Which of the following statements is true about the Poles?

A) The Poles turned rebels when they found it difficult to adjust to a new culture and more urban way of life.
B) The Poles who migrated were most likely to see themselves as forced immigrants than their European counterparts.
C) The Poles who migrated were most likely families rather than male immigrants.
D) The majority of the Poles who migrated were atheists.

Question 41

Which of the following statements is true of creationists?

A) They favor banning missionary schools.
B) They favor the literal interpretation of the Bible.
C) They feel Darwinism is a more accurate account than intelligent design.
D) They feel uncomfortable with intelligent design.

Question 42

In 1993, the Congress passed the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, which said________.

A) the government may not enforce laws that "substantially burden" the exercise of religion
B) that prosecuting people who use illegal drugs as part of a religious ritual is not a violation of the First Amendment guarantee of religious freedom
C) that states may not require the teaching of creationism alongside evolution in public schools
D) Congress may make laws respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof

Question 43

Which of the following statements best describes the intelligent design?

A) Life can be intelligently explained using Darwin's evolutionary theories.
B) There is no one intelligent way of explaining life.
C) Life is so complex it could only have been created by a higher intelligence.
D) The biblical account in Genesis explains life most appropriately.

Question 44

Baptist, Episcopalian, Lutheran, Methodist, and Presbyterian are the five mainline churches of ________.

A) Jews
B) Roman Catholics
C) Buddhists
D) Protestants

Question 45

Within Protestant churches, which of the following are characterized by Missouri Synod Lutherans, Southern Baptists, and Assembly of God?

A) Liberals
B) Moderates
C) Conservatives
D) Fundamentalists

Question 46

With regard to Orthodox, Conservative, Reconstructionist, and Reform factions, which of the following statements is true?

A) They are dissimilar in their roots.
B) They are different names for the same faction.
C) They are factions of the Buddhist faith.
D) They are factions of the Judaic faith.

Question 47

Which of the following religious groups is branched into Sunni and Shia?

A) Jews
B) Muslims
C) Buddhists
D) Hindus

Question 48

Which of the following statements is true of the ethnic diversity of the Roman Catholic Church?

A) Ethnic diversity has continued in the Roman Catholic Church despite religious institution.
B) There is no ethnic diversity in the Roman Catholic Church.
C) The Roman Catholic Church accommodated immigrants only of a single nationality.
D) Religious behavior has been the same for each ethnic group within the Roman Catholic Church.

Question 49

________ reflects that no single faith is privileged over all others.

A) Civil religion
B) Religious ethnicity
C) Religious deprivation
D) Model religion

Question 50

A large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government is known as ________.

A) civil religion
B) denomination
C) de jure segregation
D) de facto segregation

Question 51

Beginning with which of the following president's administration, did the federal government make explicit efforts to include religious organizations?

A) President George W. Bush
B) President Clinton
C) President Barack Obama
D) President Ronald Reagan

Question 52

According to the U.S. Supreme Court, the government ________.

A) should follow a policy of neutrality to maximize religious freedom
B) should ignore religion
C) may help religion by financing a new church building
D) may obstruct religion by denying a church adequate police and fire protection

Question 53

According to sociologist Robert Bellah, civil religion today is ________.

A) diminishing in promoting collective identity
B) becoming more conservative
C) becoming more liberal
D) not important to Americans

Question 54

Which of the following statements best describes civil religion?

A) It refers to a religion which states that life must have been created by a higher intelligence.
B) It refers to the religious dimension that merges public life with sacred beliefs.
C) It refers to courts restricting religious freedom.
D) It refers to religious experiences such as faith healing.

Question 55

Within Protestant churches, which of the following characterizes the Moderates?

A) Disciples of Christ, Methodists, and Presbyterians
B) American Lutherans and American Baptists
C) United Church of Christ and Episcopalians
D) Missouri Synod Lutherans, Southern Baptists, and Assembly of God

Question 56

Discuss Marcus Hansen's principle of third-generation interest. Provide instances that have supported this principle.

Question 57

Which of the following statements is true of the Amish?

A) They live in complete harmony with outside society.
B) They favor coexistence in some form of cultural pluralism.
C) They are an example of secessionist minorities.
D) They favor most of the values and beliefs of the dominant culture.

Question 58

Research has consistently shown that denominations can be arranged in a hierarchy based on ________.

A) education
B) social class
C) country of origin
D) mother language

Question 59

By far, the largest single denomination in the United States is ________.

A) Judaism
B) Islam
C) Buddhism
D) Catholicism

Question 60

In 1995, the Supreme Court ruled that privately sponsored religious displays are permitted on public property if ________.

A) a written permission has been sought from all the residents of the locality
B) a member of the Congress votes for the displays
C) other forms of expression are permitted in the same location
D) members of other religions are also allowed to participate

Question 61

How can the evidence of both, assimilation and the signs of ethnic identity, that support a pluralistic view of society be possible?

Question 62

What is the relative importance of religion and ethnicity in influencing social attitudes and behaviors?

Question 63

Describe how Italian Americans began to construct a social identity as assimilation proceeded.

Question 64

What are secessionist minorities? Provide an example in which the Supreme Court has ruled in favor of secessionist minorities.

Question 65

Discuss the reception given to the Irish immigrants who came to the United States after the potato crop failure.