Question 1

Which of the following microbes can cause a respiratory disease (mainly in immunocompromised persons) and has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen found in technologically advanced water-handling devices, including in dental unit waterlines?

A)Staphylococcus aureus
B)Bartonella henselae
C)Legionella pneumophila
D)Cryptosporidium parvum

Legionella pneumophila

Accepted Answer

Legionella pneumophila is a bacterium that can cause respiratory diseases like Legionnaires' disease, especially in immunocompromised individuals. It has been found in technologically advanced water-handling devices, including dental unit waterlines, and can be transmitted through water droplets. Staphylococcus aureus can cause a variety of infections, but not specifically respiratory diseases. Bartonella henselae is the causative agent of cat scratch disease, while Cryptosporidium parvum is a parasite that causes gastrointestinal illness.

Question 2

New outbreaks of influenza emerge frequently (almost every year) because of:&#10;A)a breakdown in public health measures.&#10;B)ecological changes that bring humans and animals together in new ways.&#10;C)changes in human behaviors.&#10;D)microbial changes.

Accepted Answer

Influenza viruses frequently undergo genetic changes, such as antigenic drift and shift, which can lead to new strains of the virus. These microbial changes are a primary reason for the emergence of new influenza outbreaks, as they can result in strains against which the human population has little to no immunity.

Question 3

New infectious diseases that have not been recognized before are referred to as _____ diseases.&#10;A)emerging&#10;B)opportunistic&#10;C)endogenous&#10;D)exogenous

Accepted Answer

Emerging diseases are those that have not been previously identified or have recently appeared in a population. Opportunistic diseases are those that take advantage of a weakened immune system, endogenous diseases arise from within the body, and exogenous diseases are those that are caused by external infectious agents.

Question 4

Which of the following diseases emerged as a result of a breakdown in a public health measure?&#10;A)HIV disease&#10;B)Diphtheria in the USSR&#10;C)Lyme disease&#10;D)Rift Valley fever

Accepted Answer

Diphtheria in the USSR emerged as a result of a breakdown in public health measures such as vaccination programs, overcrowding, and poor hygiene. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to a decline in the vaccination rate and a rise in the incidence of this disease.

Question 5

In 2003 a coronavirus was discovered as the cause of:&#10;A)monkeypox in humans.&#10;B)hepatitis F.&#10;C)gastric ulcers.&#10;D)severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).&#10;

Accepted Answer

The coronavirus discovered in 2003 was identified as the cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

Question 6

Which form of hepatitis was discovered most recently?&#10;A)Type E&#10;B)Type C&#10;C)Type G&#10;D)Type D

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis G, also known as GB virus C (GBV-C), was discovered in the mid-1990s, making it the most recently discovered form of hepatitis mentioned in the options.

Question 7

Mass food processing technology led to the emergence of hemorrhagic colitis (and the complication of hemolytic uremic syndrome) caused by a special strain of:&#10;A)Escherichia coli.&#10;B)Bartonella henselae.&#10;C)Legionella pneumophila.&#10;D)Cryptosporidium parvum.

Accepted Answer

Hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome are caused by a strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) known as E. coli O157:H7. This strain emerged due to the mass food processing technology that allows the contamination of food products with fecal matter from infected animals.

Question 8

Ecological changes that result in disease emergence in humans usually involve diseases from ____________ or insect-borne diseases.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ecological changes that result in disease emergence...

Question 9

In 1995 human herpesvirus 8 was associated with human:&#10;A)hand-foot-and-mouth disease.&#10;B)roseola.&#10;C)Kaposi sarcoma.&#10;D)Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Human herpesvirus 8, also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, was first identified in 1994 and later associated with Kaposi sarcoma, a cancer that had been previously observed mainly in elderly men of Mediterranean or Jewish ancestry, but also in young men with AIDS.

Question 10

What disease was caused by a highly virulent strain of bacterium that developed in India and was spread to South America?&#10;A)Tuberculosis&#10;B)Cholera&#10;C)HIV disease&#10;D)Lyme disease

Accepted Answer

Cholera is a disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which can spread easily through contaminated water and food. Some strains of V. cholerae are more virulent than others, and there have been cases of particularly deadly outbreaks in India that have spread to other parts of the world, including South America.

Question 11

An example of a disease that emerged through international commerce and travel is:&#10;A)Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.&#10;B)cholera from strain O139.&#10;C)Rift Valley fever.&#10;D)Lyme disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An example of a disease that emerged...

Question 12

HIV disease is an example of a disease that has been spread mainly through:&#10;A)ecological changes.&#10;B)microbial changes.&#10;C)human behavioral changes.&#10;D)breakdowns in public health.

Accepted Answer

The answer of HIV disease is an example of a...

Deck 4: Emerging Diseases