Deck 10: Families and the Work They Do

Question 1

Globalization and global competition:

A)contributed to a low unemployment rate in the early 2000s.
B)contribute to an outsourcing of jobs.
C)have only negative effects on US workers and US consumers.
D)have resulted in a higher number of manufacturing jobs for Americans.
E)resulted from the desire of workers in the Northeast to move to warmer climates.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Housework that is repetitive and less likely to be postponable is called:

A)immediate housework.
B)routine labor.
C)shift work.
D)nondisposable work.
E)nonmonetary labor.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

How has increased technology contributed to a changing occupational structure, according to your text?

A)Businesses have decreased their work hours.
B)Businesses have decreased their work days.
C)More people now have to work at an office rather than working from home.
D)Women face high unemployment.
E)Work and home are less likely to be separate domains.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

During the Industrial Revolution:

A)attitudes towards working mothers were very positive.
B)women's roles became increasingly intertwined with race and class.
C)women were prohibited from working outside the home.
D)important legislation was passed to protect workers under age 16.
E)most married women worked outside the home for pay.

Question 5

Alexis tends to do most of the routine labor at home. Which of the following is an example of something he is likely to do?

A)sweep out the garage
B)mow the lawn
C)make dinner
D)fix the broken dishwasher
E)take the car in for a repair

Question 6

Liam is one of the __________ people who were without health insurance in 2011.

A)2 million
B)15 million
C)27 million
D)34 million
E)48 million

Question 7

Mary and Evan are a married couple, and Mary does most of the housework. They rarely discuss household labor because their division of tasks just seems a natural and normal part of being a man and a woman. This perspective is called:

A)occasional labor.
B)work-family conflict.
C)spillover.
D)ECEC.
E)"doing gender."

Question 8

Gina works in an unskilled job at a fast food restaurant. She makes near-minimum wage, has no benefits, and is sent home early without pay when hours are slow. Her supervisor wouldn't be terribly worried if she quit. She is an example of a/an:

A)living wage ordinance.
B)occasional laborer.
C)disposable workforce.
D)time-availability perspective.
E)union worker.

Question 9

Both macro- and micro-level factors shape the division of household labor. Which is an example of a micro-level factor?

A)sex
B)cultural attitude toward gender
C)comparison to others close to you, such as a parent
D)historical period
E)the value attributed to specific resources, such as money

Question 10

The __________ perspective suggests that the division of labor is largely determined by (1)the need for household labor, such as the number of children in the home; and (2)each partner's availability to perform household tasks, such as the number of hours spent in paid work.

A)relative resource
B)leisure
C)doing gender
D)time availability
E)role overload

Question 11

Which of the following is evidence of the recent recession?

A)The civilian labor force shrunk by nearly 25,000 workers between 2008 and 2009 alone.
B)The number of involuntary part-time workers (people whose work hours were reduced or who cannot find a full-time job)decreased.
C)Unemployment hovered around 5.5 percent in late 2010.
D)The unemployment rates in 2009 2010 are the highest since late 1982.
E)Unemployment rates among Whites are higher than among minority groups for the first time in recorded history.

Question 12

The unemployment rate in 2013 was approximately __________ percent, which is a/an ___________ from the 2010 unemployment rate.

A)5; increase
B)7)6; decrease
C)10; increase
D)3; decrease
E)14; increase

Question 13

The opening vignette best reveals:

A)many large companies offer on-site daycare so that parents can visit their children during their lunch hours.
B)fathers are more involved in childcare than they were just thirty years ago.
C)work has become more satisfying than home for women, but not for men.
D)Scandinavian countries offer extensive time off for families so that they can more easily balance work and family demands.
E)an American family trying to balance the demands of work and family.

Question 14

Roderick works at a job that asks him to work 40 hours one week, then 30 hours the next. Sometimes he works Saturdays and other weeks he has them off. His job represents a/an:

A)living wage ordinance.
B)occasional labor.
C)disposable workforce.
D)nonstandard work schedule.
E)time availability perspective.

Question 15

Labor force participation trends of mothers show:

A)a significant increase since 2000.
B)today, the majority of unmarried, single, divorced, and widowed mothers work outside the home; however, most married mothers do not.
C)for most of the 20ᵗʰ century, the majority of mothers worked outside the home.
D)1980 was a big turning point.
E)sharp declines since 1970.

Question 16

Which best describes the work context of Colonial America?

A)Sex was the central construct in the division of labor, but the line between men's (boys')and women's (girls')work may have shifted during planting and harvesting.
B)Industrialization was taking hold, moving people from the farms to the cities.
C)Men worked at jobs away from home, while women were the caretakers.
D)For most of the year both men and women did the physical agricultural work.
E)Slaves and immigrants generally did the physical agricultural work.

Question 17

Opposition to child labor:

A)began in the north, and a child labor law was passed in Massachusetts that required children under 15 who worked in factories to attend school for at least
Three months per year.
B)began in the Republican party platform that voted to ban factory employment for children under 12.
C)caused many factories to move West to avoid the growing number of protections of children.
D)solidified in 1952 by the legislation that created a federal minimum age of 16 for employment, with a maximum number of 20 hours per week.
E)was strongly supported by the children's parents because they wanted their children to stay in school so that they could have a better life.

Question 18

Which group(s)of mothers is/are least likely to work outside the home, regardless of the age of the child?

A)Blacks
B)Whites
C)Hispanics
D)Asian-Americans
E)both Whites and Asian-Americans

Question 19

What are the consequences of the division of household labor and childcare?

A)Teenage sons do more housework than do teenage daughters
B)Men have a few extra hours of leisure a week compared to women.
C)Fathers experience more stress and burnout than do mothers because they are more likely to work full-time.
D)Younger men now do more housework than their wives.
E)Younger men now share housework equally with their wives.

Question 20

Which is NOT one of the consequences of the recession discussed in your text?

A)unemployment
B)new social programs
C)unstable and poverty-level wages
D)disposable workforce
E)nonstandardized work schedules

Question 21

Jobs are being outsourced to other countries because Americans are less willing to work in those industries.

Question 22

Wages that are above federal or state minimum wage levels, usually ranging from 100 to 130 percent of the poverty line, are called living wages.

Question 23

Changes in technology and globalization have contributed to job loss in the United States.

Question 24

Why don't more mothers (or fathers)work part-time?

A)Most mothers do work part-time.
B)Workplaces are flexible and often allow part-time work, but women will not take it.
C)Workers who go part-time or have nonstandardized schedules earn an average of $4.00 an hour less than their peers.
D)Part-time workers are more likely to be offered benefits than their full-time peers, but their incomes are lower and therefore cannot accept benefits that
Require some contribution.
E)The amount of money that our Social Security system offers to working parents while they take care of their children is generally not enough to cover
The bills.

Question 25

Bonnie is a fifth-grader who is left at home unsupervised after school.This is called:

A)self-care.
B)relative care.
C)in-home care.
D)routine care.
E)day care.

Question 26

Which is TRUE with respect to juggling work and family?

A)One of the biggest challenges that parents report today is not earning enough money to pay for adequate childcare.
B)Fathers are more likely than mothers to say that they always feel rushed.
C)Parents spend less time with their children than they did in the past.
D)Working mothers are almost twice as likely as working dads to say that they sometimes or frequently experience stress in their lives.
E)Only 55 percent of employees in 2008 said that their health is excellent, compared to 68 percent in 2002.

Question 27

What may be the effects of childcare on child well-being, according to research?

A)The results are mostly positive: Children in childcare are more independent, do better in school, have better work habits, and have better social skills.
B)The results are mostly negative: Children in childcare have greater anxiety, are more dependent on caregivers, have lower math skills, and are significantly more aggressive throughout elementary school.
C)The results are somewhat mixed and contradictory because the results are small and dependent upon many other factors, especially the quality of care that the
Child experiences.

Question 28

Madeline feels tremendous tension because the pressures from work are incompatible with the pressures she faces at home. Madeline feels:

A)spillover.
B)work-family conflict.
C)doing gender.
D)role overload.
E)social insecurity.

Question 29

Chiu-Ling finds it difficult to have quality time at home with her family in the evening because her boss often sends her emails and expects a prompt response. This is an example of:

A)spillover.
B)work-family conflict.
C)doing gender.
D)role overload.
E)social insecurity.

Question 30

Evan tends to do the nondiscretionary, routine tasks that can be postponed, such as cooking, washing dishes, or cleaning, and these are known as occasional labor.

Question 31

Determining the effects of mothers' employment and childcare on the well-being of children is a complex task for many reasons, according to your text. Which is NOT one of the reasons?

A)There are different measures of child well-being.
B)There are different types of childcare settings and they may have varying quality.
C)Mothers' temperaments vary.
D)Mother's work hours, shifts, and working conditions vary.
E)Mothers and children have varying kinds of relationships, regardless of employment or childcare, and fathers may play different roles.

Question 32

High unemployment rates tend to increase marriage rates and increase fertility rates.

Question 33

A concept that suggests housework is so ingrained as "women's work" that it functions as an area in which gender is symbolically created and reproduced is called "doing gender."

Question 34

Household tasks that are more time-flexible and more discretionary, such as household repairs, yard care, or paying bills are known as routine household labor.

Question 35

Today we recognize that work and family are distinctly separate domains.

Question 36

Today the majority of mothers work outside the home for pay, regardless of marital status, although there has been a slight decline over the past few years.

Question 37

Which is the most common form of childcare arrangement?

A)day care
B)relative care
C)family day care
D)school
E)other non-relative

Question 38

During the late 1800s it was illegal for women to work outside the home.

Question 39

Which is TRUE about childcare?

A)Most childcare facilities are accredited.
B)Lisa and Chris, in the opening vignette, use a combination of childcare arrangements for their son.
C)Daycare centers have higher rates of serious injury and fatalities than do other forms of childcare.
D)Most states have set 13 years as the legal age at which children can stay home alone.
E)Full-time daycare at a center runs, on average, about $3,600 per year per child.

Question 40

ECEC is:

A)a tax program to help families find and keep employment.
B)the title of a maternity leave program found in Sweden.
C)childcare that is provided in a private home other than the child's home.
D)a theory that explains the division of household labor.
E)an international term for childcare designed to enhance a young child's social, emotional, and cognitive development.

Question 41

Describe the "doing gender" explanation for the division of household labor.

Question 42

An international term for daycare, preschool, and other programs to ensure that all children enter school ready to learn and support cognitive, social, and emotional development is ___________.

Question 43

An occurrence caused by the demands involved in one sphere of work carrying over into work in another sphere is known as spillover.

Question 44

List the three formal types of childcare arrangements for working parents described in your text.

Question 45

List four specific consequences of being uninsured (relative to having health insurance), according to your text.

Question 46

Give an example of routine and occasional household labor.

Question 47

Kim works at McDonalds, and some weeks works 30 hours and other weeks 40 hours at the whim of the manager. Sometimes she has to work weekends and evenings, but her schedule is different every week.This is an example of a/an ____________.

Question 48

Parents report feeling a time crunch, and the research shows that parents spend considerably less time with their children today than in the past.

Question 49

The tension people feel when the pressures from paid work and family roles are incompatible in some way is called __________.

Question 50

Tia is feeling overwhelmed by many different commitments and not having enough time to meet each commitment effectively. She is experiencing __________.

Question 51

In trying to juggle work and family demands, Colby is experiencing "spillover," which refers to __________.

Question 52

A form of tension under which people feel that the pressures from paid work and family roles are incompatible in some way is known as role overload.

Question 53

Most working mothers would prefer to work part-time, but they would pay a steep price in wages and benefits.

Question 54

List three characteristics of those people who earn minimum wage, according to your text.

Question 55

Which model says that the division of household labor is largely determined by (1)the need for household labor, such as the number of children in the home; and (2)each partner's availability to perform household tasks, such as the number of hours spent in paid work?

Question 56

What has been the trend in mothers' labor force participation since 1970?

Question 57

The data are clear: Children who are in childcare for more than 30 hours per week are more likely to be anxious and do more poorly in school, although they tend to be more independent.

Question 58

Are the consequences of childcare for child well-being mostly positive, negative, or something else?

Question 59

Are working mothers more likely to prefer to work full-time, part-time, or not at all?
Likewise, would stay-at-home mothers generally prefer to work full-time, part-time, or not at all?

Question 60

An ordinance that requires employers to pay wages that are above federal or state minimum wage levels, usually ranging from 100 to 130 percent above the poverty line, is referred to as a/an ___________.

Question 61

Write an essay that discusses the challenges that families face in balancing work and family demands. Be sure to cite relevant research findings.

Question 62

With large numbers of mothers working outside the home, childcare becomes very important. Describe the choices that families have for childcare. Then evaluate the effect of childcare on children's well-being.

Question 63

How serious a problem is being uninsured? What are the major components of the health care reform law passed in 2010?

Question 64

Describe the changing occupational structure, including global competition and increasing technology.

Question 65

Laura does not feel that her husband Will does his share of the housework and childcare. Since you are now an expert on the subject, explain to them how household labor is defined and conceptualized, and what the research reveals about who does what.