Deck 17: Communicable and Infectious Disease Prevention and Control

Question 1

CHNs have been advised by the medical director to give injections of hepatitis A immunoglobulin to selected susceptible persons in the event of a hepatitis A epidemic.Which of the following outcomes will be the result?

A)Active immunization
B)Long-lasting immunity
C)Natural immunity
D)Passive immunization

Answer 1

Passive immunization

Question 2

Of the following infectious disease interventions, which one is most representative of secondary prevention?

A)Clients with human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection are encouraged to use condoms to protect their sexual partners.
B)Clients with HIV infection are given medications to improve immunological response.
C)Health care workers are encouraged to receive annual vaccinations for influenza.
D)Health care workers are required to have a tuberculosis ( TB ) skin test or chest X-ray.

Answer 2

Health care workers are required to have a tuberculosis ( TB ) skin test or chest X-ray.

Question 3

A communicable disease outbreak has occurred in a town.At a town meeting with public health officials, a community health nurse (CHN) is asked to explain the phrase "virulent organism." Which of the following definitions of virulence is correct?

A)Virulence is the ability to bypass normal immunological response mechanisms.
B)Virulence is the ability to invade major organ systems.
C)Virulence is the ability to produce toxins and poisons that weaken the body.
D)Virulence is the ability to produce severe physical reactions.

Answer 3

Virulence is the ability to produce severe physical reactions.

Question 4

Which one of the following would be a tertiary prevention measure implemented by the CHN to prevent TB?

A)Administering a purified protein derivative ( PPD ) to the contacts of those infected with TB
B)Initiating directly observed therapy ( DOT ) for TB-positive clients
C)Providing education about the prevention of TB to members of the community
D)Using skin tests to screen all health workers for TB

Question 5

For which of the following reasons should the school nurse recommend that an HIV-infected child not be allowed to attend school?

A)The child develops allergies with sneezing.
B)The school system requires students to receive routine immunizations.
C)There is an outbreak of chicken pox at the school.
D)There is strong objection from parents of well children.

Question 6

A student asks the school nurse how acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) is diagnosed.Which of the following solves is correct?

A)AIDS is diagnosed through the negative results of a screening test called an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ).
B)Antibodies to HIV, which form in about 6 weeks to 3 months following infection with HIV, are detected in the blood.
C)Antibodies to HIV reach peak levels of 200/mL of blood.
D)AIDS is diagnosed through positive ELISA results and clinical signs of AIDS.

Question 7

Which one of the following sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be prevented through immunization?

A)Chlamydia
B)Gonorrhea
C)Hepatitis B
D)Herpes

Question 8

Of the following interventions for infectious diseases, which one best represents primary prevention?

A)Giving a tetanus booster every 10 years.
B)Giving a tetanus booster to a client after she steps on a nail.
C)Giving tetanus immunoglobulin to a client after he steps on a nail.
D)Giving antibiotics to a client who has tetanus and placing the client on seizure precautions.

Question 9

Which of the following presents a challenge with human papillomavirus (HPV) prevention?

A)HPV can be transmitted through all body fluids.
B)HPV warts may grow in areas that a barrier (e.g., a condom) does not cover.
C)With HPV, thin-walled pustules may rupture to form honey-coloured crusts.
D)With HPV, vesicles are hidden and ulcerate within 1 day.

Question 10

A CHN asks a class to describe the ways in which HIV can be transmitted.Which of the following responses by a student indicates a need for additional teaching?

A)"HIV can be transmitted by droplet spread from sneezing or coughing."
B)"HIV can be transmitted by having unprotected sex with someone who is infected."
C)"HIV can be transmitted by sharing needles when shooting up drugs."
D)"HIV can be transmitted through transfusions of blood products that are contaminated with HIV."

Question 11

Of the following statements about Salmonella made by class members in a class about disease prevention, which one indicates that additional teaching is needed?

A)"Certain pets and farm animals may be Salmonella carriers."
B)"It is possible to transmit Salmonella through person-to-person contact."
C)"Salmonella may be spread through blood once the infected blood is exposed to air."
D)"Salmonella outbreaks are usually due to contaminated meat, poultry, and eggs."

Question 12

A client with TB wants to know why DOT is required as part of the treatment.Which of the following responses by the CHN would be the most appropriate one?

A)"Clients with TB are often noncompliant; DOT will ensure that you take the drugs prescribed to you."
B)"This therapy is recommended by TB experts as the best way to ensure that you receive the treatment you need and that the infection doesn't become resistant to treatment."
C)"This ensures that you get your medication even at the late stages of TB, when your memory may be affected by inadequate oxygenation to the brain."
D)"TB medications are very expensive, and this method ensures that government health care resources are not wasted by those who will not take the drugs regularly."

Question 13

Women who develop vaginal fungal infections (commonly referred to as yeast infections) usually have a history of having been prescribed antibiotics for bacterial infections.Which component of the epidemiological triangle (agent-host-environment) contributes most to the development of vaginal infections?

A)Agent
B)Environment
C)Host
D)Agent and host