Deck 10: Decision Support and Expert Systems

Question 1

The majority of problems in the business world are structured.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Business decisions are not affected by geographic locations.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Most mathematical and physical problems are semi-structured.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Geographic information systems (GISs) are often the best decision aids for map-related decisions.

Question 5

Design support systems (DSSs) sort out a good risk as a person or institution that is likely to default on a loan.

Question 6

Neural nets have been very effective in detecting fraud of many types.

Question 7

A typical geographic information systems (GIS) consists of a database of quantitative and qualitative data from which information is extracted for display.

Question 8

A private business might develop a linear regression model to estimate future sales based on past experience.

Question 9

Companies prefer their decision support systems (DSSs) to access the data warehouse rather than the transactional database.

Question 10

A fixed variable model offered by the model management module of a decision support system does not change.

Question 11

Artificial intelligence (AI) focuses on methods and technologies to emulate how humans learn and solve problems.

Question 12

An outcome is almost always affected by more than one parameter.

Question 13

People are often denied credit based on the decisions made by machines.

Question 14

Stock investment is an example of a semi-structured decision making domain.

Question 15

The terms "decision support systems" and "expert systems" are mentioned more and more frequently in recent years.

Question 16

Mathematicians call a sequence of steps a parameter.

Question 17

Languages such as HTML and XML are incompatible with geographic information systems (GISs).

Question 18

The dialog module of a decision support system (DSS) is responsible for displaying the results of an analysis.

Question 19

All DSS models are business-oriented.

Question 20

A decision is easy to make when one option will clearly bring about a better outcome than any other.

Question 21

A(n) ____________is a computer-based information system designed to help knowledge workers select one of many alternative solutions to a problem.

A)database management system (DBMS)
B)geographic information system (GIS)
C)expert system (EA)
D)decision support system (DSS)

Question 22

A(n) ____________is one for which there is no algorithm to follow to reach an optimal solution.

A)unstructured discussion
B)unstructured problem
C)structured plan
D)structured report

Question 23

____________is a methodology of solving a new problem established on the solutions of similar problems.

A)Case-based reasoning
B)Yield management
C)What-if analysis
D)Sensitivity analysis

Question 24

Outcomes rarely respond in equal measure to changes in____________ ,which are categories of data considered when following a sequence of steps.

A)data sheets
B)parameters
C)indexes
D)units

Question 25

The three major components of a DSS are a data management module,a model management module,and a(n)____________Module.

A)network
B)inference engine
C)dialog
D)knowledge base

Question 26

The part of the DSS that allows the user to interact with it is called the____________ .

A)data management module
B)information management module
C)model management module
D)dialog module

Question 27

A____________ model is one that is automatically adjusted based on changing relationships among variables.

A)dynamically modified
B)constantly modified
C)fixed variable
D)static

Question 28

Some companies offer ____________specifically designed to analyze shoppers' behavior at their sites based on captured data such as pages viewed,options clicked,and the sequence of pages shoppers viewed.

A)supply chain management (SCM) systems
B)geographic information systems (GISs)
C)enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems
D)decision support systems (DSSs)

Question 29

____________are excellent tools for building both the data and the models that decision support systems need.

A)Spreadsheets
B)Word files
C)Data lists
D)Notepads

Question 30

Expert systems (ESs) use data from a(n) ____________.

A)knowledge base
B)database
C)model module
D)inference engine

Question 31

When organizations use a customer relationship management (CRM) system,the ____________of such systems provide data for the DSS.

A)inference engines
B)databases
C)knowledge bases
D)neural networks

Question 32

Among the general statistical models,a(n) ____________model is the best-fit straight-line relationship between two variables,such as sales and the money spent on marketing.

A)exponential curve
B)linear regression
C)quadratic
D)logarithmic statistical

Question 33

In the field of engineering,DSS models might simulate the ____________environment.

A)business
B)logical
C)physical
D)financial

Question 34

The ____________prompts the user to select a model,allowing the user to access the database and select data for the decision process or to set criteria for selecting such data.

A)model management module
B)data management module
C)information module
D)dialog module

Question 35

A decision support system's ____________module is a database or data warehouse that provides the data for the intelligence phase of decision making.

A)data management
B)model management
C)dialog
D)knowledge base

Question 36

A(n) ____________system is used at all levels of an organization,and often by non-managerial staff.

A)enterprise resource planning
B)customer relationship management
C)supply chain management
D)decision support

Question 37

Identify the risk factor in decision support systems that lead to ethical issues.

A)Errors in personal data
B)Lack of sensitivity tests
C)High processing costs
D)Real time data processing

Question 38

Determining which stock will yield the highest return by the end of the year is an example of a(n) ____________problem.

A)structured
B)limited
C)semi-structured
D)unstructured

Question 39

An increasing amount of ____________in the financial services and many other industries are made in real time using DSSs.

A)data automation
B)materials management
C)long-range forecasts
D)decision making

Question 40

Businesses use____________ to analyze data.

A)models
B)ideas
C)facts
D)beliefs

Question 41

In airlines,the purpose of ____________DSSs is to find the proper pricing to maximize the overall revenue from selling seats for each flight.

Question 42

In the____________ phase of decision making,the method for considering a data is designed.

Question 43

General Electric Corp.developed a(n) ____________that helps nonexperts to identify common metals and alloys outside laboratories.

A)decision support system (DSS)
B)enterprise resource planning (ERP) system
C)expert system (ES)
D)supply chain management (SCM) system

Question 44

Rather than containing a set of IF-THEN rules,more sophisticated ESs use____________ ,which are designed to mimic the way a human brain learns.

A)neural networks
B)what-if analysis
C)communication networks
D)sensitivity analysis

Question 45

Whenever more than one possible action is available,a(n)____________ must be made.

Question 46

To turn data into useful information,the system utilizes its____________ ,which offers a single fixed model,a dynamically modified model,or a collection of models from which either the DSS or the user selects the most appropriate one.

Question 47

____________are applications that combine features of two or more online applications.

A)Databases
B)Mashups
C)Spreadsheets
D)Neural networks

Question 48

____________is one of the primary languages used to compose and retrieve web pages and support the presentation of pictures with marked areas.

A)XML
B)HTTP
C)SGML
D)CSS

Question 49

A(n) ____________is required when it is not possible to exploit expertise by coupling quantitative data from a database with decision models.

A)decision support system
B)what-if analysis
C)expert system
D)sensitivity analysis

Question 50

In the ____________phase of decision making,decision makers collect facts,ideas,and beliefs.

Question 51

A(n) ____________problem is one in which an optimal solution can be reached through a single set of steps.

Question 52

____________are sequences of steps,formulas,models,and other tools that systematically reduce the alternatives to a manageable number.

Question 53

When using a(n)____________ ,the user enjoys the knowledge and experience that have been accumulated by other people over many years.

A)accounting system
B)human intelligence system
C)expert system
D)human resource management system

Question 54

A____________ is a specific area of knowledge.

A)neural network
B)domain
C)domino
D)protocol

Question 55

The American Stock Exchange (AMEX) has a special department to prevent____________ of the securities under its supervision.

A)the preservation
B)insider trading
C)the analysis
D)legal trading

Question 56

Medical ____________help diagnose patients and suggest treatments.

A)expert systems
B)resource planning systems
C)model systems
D)data management modules

Question 57

Sensitivity analysis is often referred to as____________ .

Question 58

Clicking different areas of a map can zoom in and out as well as bring up related information in the form of other maps or text,utilizing the____________ capabilities of the web to the fullest.

A)hypertext
B)storage
C)multimedia
D)hypergraphics

Question 59

Mathematicians call a sequence of steps a(n) ____________and the categories of data that are considered when following those steps parameters.

Question 60

A DSS's____________ is a database or data warehouse that provides the data for the intelligence phase of decision making.

Question 61

Give examples of structured and semi-structured problems.

Question 62

A(n) ____________is developed to emulate the knowledge of an expert to solve problems and make decisions in a relatively narrow domain.

Question 63

Expert systems and neural networks are two techniques researched and implemented in a field called____________ .

Question 64

In most expert systems,the knowledge base is built as a series of ____________rules.

Question 65

How do DSSs help in tax planning?

Question 66

____________is an expert system that includes instrumentation that connects to the patient's body and feeds various data about the patient's condition into the ES to be analyzed for pulmonary diseases.

Question 67

Insurance companies use____________ to detect fraudulent claims both from the insured party and from health-care providers.

Question 68

How do DSSs help in website planning and adjustment?

Question 69

An ES is constructed with a set of rules,but as data on real successes and failures of decisions is accumulated and fed into the system,the____________ refines the rules to accomplish a higher success rate.

Question 70

A(n)____________ is software that combines data that is input by the user with the data relationships stored in the knowledge base.

Question 71

What are the three major components of DSSs,and what do they do?

Question 72

An expert system uses a(n) ____________,which is a collection of facts and the relationships among them.

Question 73

Describe the three phases of decision making.

Question 74

Many banks use automated ____________to determine a client's creditworthiness.

Question 75

As medicine is one of the most unstructured domains,it is not surprising that many of the early ____________were developed to help doctors with the diagnosis of symptoms and treatment advice.