Deck 12: Activities of Daily Living

Question 1

The most commonly used methods to teach clients who have perceptual problems,poor memory,and difficulty following directions include all but which of the following?

A) Brief demonstration and oral instruction
B) Concrete step-by-step approach and instruction
C) Backward chaining
D) Activity performance along with the therapist

Answer 1

A
The client who is alert and grasps instructions quickly may be able to perform an entire process after a brief demonstration and oral instruction.Clients who have perceptual problems,poor memory,and difficulty following instructions of any kind need a more concrete,step-by -step approach,with the amount of assistance gradually reduced as success is achieved.

Question 2

An occupational therapist is working with a client who has an impaired right upper extremity resulting from a lower motor neuron dysfunction.What is a common problem that the therapist will have to address?

A) Speech disorders
B) Impaired ability to learn and perform
C) Difficulty with motor planning
D) Reduction of work speed and dexterity

Answer 2

D
The client with hemiplegia (caused by central nervous system dysfunction)needs specialized teaching,and many such clients have greater difficulty performing one-handed skills than do individuals with orthopedic problems or those with lower motor neuron dysfunction.The major problems for the one-handed worker are reduction of work speed and dexterity and stabilization to substitute for the role normally assumed by the nondominant arm.The major problems for the individual with hemiplegia are balance and precautions relative to sensory,perceptual,and cognitive losses.

Question 3

Which of the following is the main technique used for a client with limited joint range of movement (ROM)to perform ADLs?

A) Compensatory strategy involving changing the method in which an activity is performed
B) Changing the environment where the activity is performed
C) Using an assistive device for the activity
D) Treatment, including remediation

Answer 3

C
The major problem for persons with limited joint ROM is compensating for the lack of reach and joint excursion through such means as environmental adaptation and assistive devices.

Question 4

Stabilizing an extremity to reduce incoordination to enable a client to perform activities of daily living (ADLs)is a common practice for clients with which of the following conditions?

A) Rheumatoid arthritis
B) Central nervous system (CNS) disorders
C) Temporary orthopedic disorders such as fractures
D) Quadriplegia

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of an instrumental ADL (IADL)?

A) Care of others
B) Functional mobility
C) Toilet hygiene
D) Bowel and bladder management

Question 6

An occupational therapist is working with a patient with low vision in her home.Which environmental modification would be contraindicated?

A) Improve lighting by opening blinds and curtains.
B) Simplify figure-ground perception.
C) Use magnifiers with lights.
D) Maximize contrast for the task.

Question 7

IADL skills needed for client safety and independence alone at home include all but which of the following?

A) The ability to retrieve a simple meal
B) The ability to ambulate independently
C) The ability to employ safety precautions
D) The ability to take medications

Question 8

Any item,piece of equipment,or product system,whether acquired commercially,off the shelf,modified,or customized,that is used to increase or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities is the definition of which of the following terms?

A) Adaptive equipment
B) Assistive device
C) Assistive technology
D) All of the above

Question 9

The occupational therapist is working with a client who has weakness and pain in the hands caused by moderate to severe arthritis.To increase functional independence,the client may use which of the following?

A) Plate guards or scoop dishes
B) A commercially available sock aid
C) An extended handle reacher
D) Lever-type doorknob extensions

Question 10

The use of a wrist-driven flexor hinge splint may benefit a client with muscle function from which spinal cord level(s)?

A) C6
B) C5
C) C4
D) A and B