Deck 20: Ethics, Religion, and Sexuality

Question 1

Islam promotes contraception and family planning.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Overall,Jewish religion holds sexuality in positive regard when it is part of married love and affection.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

If we consider ethics to be a system of moral principles that we use in part to determine our sexual beliefs and behaviour,then religion should be considered as

A)a source of values related to sexuality.
B)saying that God exists and is all-knowing.
C)giving people a place to go on Sunday morning.
D)a source of income to do good.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

For much of the history of the Christian Church,the official position toward sex in and out of marriage has been to view it as a natural part of life.

Question 5

We all have some system of moral principles,such as what we think of as being "good or bad" or "right or wrong." We use them every day.This makes us

A)religious
B)practical ethicists
C)deviant
D)aberrant

Question 6

The sexual rights put forward by the World Health Organization are carefully crafted to be consistent with the culture and religious beliefs of all current societies.

Question 7

For full acceptance of homosexuals into their religions,Quakers,Unitarians and Roman Catholics are exceptionally accepting.

Question 8

Humanism and its view toward sexuality is basically a subset of the Roman Catholic view of sex.

Question 9

The large number of sexual regulations in the Old Testament and the position of the early Christian Church can be considered responses to their cultural context.

Question 10

In recent years,ethicists have begun to rethink the morality of nonmarital sexuality in that their conclusions are different than the biblical tradition which has supported Western ethics limiting sexual intercourse only to marriage.

Question 11

________ is a moral system based on maximizing pleasure and avoiding pain.

A)Hedonism
B)Asceticism
C)Legalism
D)Situationism

Question 12

In Canada,applicants for permanent residency are required to have HIV testing as part of their medical exam.

Question 13

Artificial insemination by husband (AIH)does not create as many ethical concerns for most as compared to artificial insemination of a donor egg and a donor sperm (AID).

Question 14

The trend among many of the "moderate" mainstream Protestant denominations is toward qualified acceptance or full acceptance of homosexuals.

Question 15

Sexual rights are an extension of basic human rights.

Question 16

For the ancient Greeks,the warrior class could be considered hedonist while the intellectual class could be considered more at the ascetic end.

Question 17

Hinduism gives blanket approval to hedonism and sexual pleasure.

Question 18

The issue of therapeutic cloning has not raised ethical concerns because it is not about reproduction.

Question 19

Religious and sexual issues relating to homosexuality indicate across-the-board acceptance among Protestants,but not by the Catholic Church,over the last several decades.

Question 20

Issues relating to the abortion controversy in Canada have been pretty much solved since religious writings by St.Thomas Aquinas were found indicating that a fetus did not gain a soul (i.e.,ensoulment)until the third month after conception.

Question 21

Plato believed that love led toward immortality.For the Greeks,this type of love was

A)pederasty.
B)homosexuality.
C)intellectual and friendship-based.
D)that of the Holy Spirit.

Question 22

The belief system (ethic)that a person's life should consist of more than just material things is called

A)asceticism
B)legalism
C)contextual ethics
D)hedonism

Question 23

What is Hedonism?

A)A moral system based on maximizing pleasure and avoiding pain.
B)An approach to life emphasizing discipline and impulse control.
C)Ethics based on the assumption that there are rules for human conduct.
D)Ethics based on the assumption that there are no absolute rules.

Question 24

Two warrior men have a sexual relationship together.One of the men is older than the other and serves as a form of mentor to the younger man.This type of relationship

A)was approved of in ancient Greece and is called pederasty.
B)is called pederasty and was believed by Plato to lead to immortality.
C)was called pederasty which has come to mean sexless affection.
D)was illegal and immoral in ancient Greece.

Question 25

Concerning the place of sex in classical Greek society all are true EXCEPT

A)it was important,but not evil.
B)certain types of sexual relationships achieved importance,such as pederasty among the warrior class.
C)wisdom and virtue were more to be aspired to than sex.
D)violent passion was seen as a good thing.

Question 26

The Old Testament

A)repeatedly presents the view that sexuality must be separated from its social consequences.
B)presents sex as an intimate part of a relationship between two people.
C)stresses the importance of separating sex from religious behaviour.
D)stresses the importance of making sex a part of religious rituals.

Question 27

What did Greek philosophy teach after the Golden Age?

A)Sexual union was the goal of life.
B)Sex was evil.
C)Sex was more important than wisdom or virtue.
D)Sex was something to be transcended to achieve the beautiful and good.

Question 28

Judaism's view of sex can be stated as:

A)Sex was basically a biological relationship and was a part of life just as eating is a part of life.
B)Sexuality was part of a loving relationship between two people.
C)Sexuality was integral to national and religious loyalty and was reflected in the fertility cult of Baal with attending temple prostitutes.
D)Sex was viewed as being dualistic with the bodily part of sex being the most important.

Question 29

Male and female temple prostitutes were very much a part of

A)the Hebrew religion
B)the Canaanite religion
C)early Catholicism
D)early Christianity

Question 30

The philosophy exemplified by the expression "If it feels good,do it" is closest to the ethical system of

A)asceticism
B)situationism
C)hedonism
D)legalism

Question 31

The view that one should avoid physical gratification and cultivate spiritual values is expressed by

A)asceticism
B)legalism
C)situationism
D)hedonism

Question 32

Judaism's view of sex is one that can be summarized in stating that

A)sex was basically a biological relationship which was a part of life just as eating was a part of life.
B)sexuality could often be separated from its social consequences as seen in the covert support of prostitution.
C)sexuality was integral to national and religious loyalty and is reflected in the fertility cult of Baal with attending temple prostitutes.
D)sex was part of a deep and intimate relationship between two people-a man and a woman.

Question 33

Situationism refers to

A)a moral system based on maximizing pleasure and avoiding pain.
B)an approach to life emphasizing discipline and impulse control.
C)ethics based on the assumption that there are rules for human conduct.
D)ethics based on the assumption that there are no absolute rules.

Question 34

"Contextual ethics" is another term for

A)asceticism
B)legalism
C)situationism
D)hedonism

Question 35

The Old Testament is NOT marked by

A)a high regard for marital love.
B)a high regard for marital sexuality.
C)a low regard for marital affection.
D)respect for childless,married couples.

Question 36

Hebrew religious leaders viewed fertility cults as

A)an important part of their religion.
B)a threat to their religion.
C)an acceptable form of religious worship.
D)a means of guaranteeing the propagation of the Israelites.

Question 37

What is "Platonic love"?

A)A vigorous,passionate love.
B)Violent,passionate sex.
C)Sexless affection.
D)Sexual interactions between an adult and a child.

Question 38

You are very much in favour of using ethics that direct you to judge actions based on an individual basis and the particular circumstances in which the person was involved,not on some general abstract principle such as "Thou shalt be good." This sort of ethics is known as

A)religious ethics.
B)classical Greek philosophy.
C)legalism.
D)situation ethics.

Question 39

According to Leviticus,which of the following sexual activities would NOT lead to death?

A)a man committing adultery with his neighbour's wife
B)a man having intercourse with his father's wife
C)a man having intercourse with an animal
D)a man having intercourse with a woman during her menstrual flow

Question 40

The ancient Greeks referred to "ataraxia" which is

A)pederasty.
B)a state of sublime detachment.
C)friendship love.
D)passion.

Question 41

The Protestant reformers of the sixteenth century

A)strongly recommended the practice of masturbation.
B)emphasized individual conscience in Biblical interpretations.
C)advocated clerical celibacy.
D)de-emphasized individual responsibility for committing sins.

Question 42

According to the interpretation of Paul's writings as presented in the text,the negative views of sex in Christianity come from

A)Paul's gospel
B)Jesus's teachings
C)Stoicism and Neoplatonism
D)Old Testament

Question 43

In the Old Testament,how was adultery punished?

A)castration
B)exile
C)monetary fines
D)death

Question 44

Protestantism differs from Catholicism in the former's

A)greater emphasis in allowing individual interpretation of the Bible.
B)acceptance of sex outside of marriage.
C)acceptance of marital infidelity.
D)emphasis on celibacy over chastity.

Question 45

Much of the teaching of the early Church Fathers of Christianity emphasized that sex within marriage did not violate the canons of the Church,but the type of sex that was preferred was

A)a full sex life
B)polygyny
C)celibacy
D)hedonism

Question 46

Many sexual regulations of the Hebrew scriptures should be seen in the context of the times.For example,during the nomadic period which of the following activities supported the communities' needs?

A)polygyny
B)concubinage
C)laws against non-procreative sex
D)all these choices are correct

Question 47

Which Christian writer and authority advocated celibacy for all serious Christians?

A)St.Thomas Aquinas
B)St.Paul
C)Jesus
D)St.Augustine

Question 48

Which Roman Emperor converted to become the First Christian Emperor?

A)Caligula
B)Augustus Romulus
C)Claudius Galenus
D)Constantine

Question 49

During the Middle Ages,his great accomplishment was the Summa Theologica,a synthesis of Christian theology that answered Christians' questions about almost everything,including nocturnal emissions and homosexuality.This person was

A)St.Paul
B)Martin Luther
C)Constantinople
D)St.Thomas Aquinas

Question 50

The source of much of Catholic mortal theology and the Church's position on sex and related issues was formed in the middle ages in the writings of St.Thomas Aquinas who believed that sex

A)in all its forms was basically evil.
B)was intended for procreation which was a reflection of natural law.
C)was approved of outside of marriage for the husband,but not the wife.
D)in its non-procreative forms does not really violate natural law,but that they should be avoided.

Question 51

In the Old Testament,sexual intercourse is often referred to as

A)coupling.
B)making the beast with two backs.
C)relating.
D)having knowledge of someone.

Question 52

The movement of the early Christian church toward a more ascetic view of life and especially of sexuality was in large part a result of

A)the excesses of the hedonism of Rome at that time.
B)Jesus's teaching that pleasure is a sin.
C)recognizing marriage as an institution that was inherently at fault theologically because of the sex relationship between the man and the woman.
D)the asceticism of the Roman emperors from about 150-600C.E.who tried to force their gods upon the Christians.

Question 53

The Protestant Reformation in the sixteenth century destroyed the Christian unity of Europe and shook the theological foundations of the Catholic Church.According to your text,in the matter of sexual ethics there were

A)dramatic changes towards liberalizing sexual ethics.
B)dramatic changes towards making sexual ethics more conservative.
C)changes only in the old Catholic Churches.
D)only modest changes.

Question 54

Dualism is a religious/philosophical belief concerned with

A)virtue and sin
B)morality and immorality
C)body and spirit
D)creation and procreation

Question 55

The concept of "dualism" refers to

A)the belief that the mind and the body are inseparable
B)the belief that everyone has a soul
C)the notion that body and spirit are unalterably separate and opposed to each other
D)the pursuit of wisdom and virtue

Question 56

St.Paul assumed much of the responsibility of applying the teachings of Jesus.His general view of sex was

A)that it should be an aspect of national and religious loyalty.
B)that it should be integrated into worship as it had been in the religion of Baal.
C)relatively positive with profound interpersonal and social implications.
D)one of hedonistic involvement in the joy of living.

Question 57

To make their religion unique and distinguish it from Canaanite religion,the Hebrew leaders

A)removed Baal,the Sky Father as the almighty deity.
B)banned many sexual practices.
C)banned slavery.
D)changed the holy day of worship from Sunday to Saturday.

Question 58

Which of the following is true concerning Jesus's teachings about sex?

A)He spoke as much about sex as He did about the evils of pride,hypocrisy,injustice,and the misuse of wealth.
B)He said almost nothing on the subject of sex.
C)He regarded sex as separate from an individual's moral life.
D)He strongly emphasized sexual conduct in His teachings.

Question 59

During the Middle Ages,the Catholic Church allowed married persons to engage in ______ only during certain parts of the year,excluding Advent,Lent,and Fridays.

A)masturbation
B)oral sex
C)sexual intercourse
D)sex with contraception

Question 60

_________ refers to the practice of remaining unmarried or abstaining from sexual intercourse;________ refers to the practice of abstaining from sexual intercourse.

A)Chastity;celibacy
B)Celibacy;chastity
C)Chastity;virginity
D)Celibacy;virginity

Question 61

Which of the following religious traditions has been the most consistent in being positive toward sexuality?

A)Asceticism
B)Catholicism
C)Protestantism
D)Islam

Question 62

What is the sacred scripture of Islam?

A)Torah
B)Koran
C)Bible
D)Tantra

Question 63

Buddhism most closely follows _________ ethics.

A)hedonistic
B)legalistic
C)ascetic
D)situationistic

Question 64

In Hinduism,which one of the following approaches to life is NOT acceptable?

A)Pursuit of pleasure
B)Pursuit of moral life
C)Pursuit of power and material wealth
D)Pursuit of domination of others

Question 65

In much of Western history there has been considerable consensus on the fundamentals of sexual ethics as seen in exalting chastity,holding marriage and family in high esteem and condemning sex outside of marriage.This consensus has been called the

A)New Morality
B)New Order
C)Humanistic
D)Old Morality

Question 66

The religious/ethical system that demands a realistic and nonreligious approach to human behaviour,including sexuality,is

A)Hedonism
B)Humanism
C)Hinduism
D)New Morality

Question 67

_______ ethics do not rely on the existence of a Supreme Being and,in the area of human sexuality,do not create unreasonable standards and expectations.

A)Humanistic
B)Islam
C)Hindu
D)Buddhist

Question 68

Which religion sanctions polygamy?

A)Islam
B)Buddhism
C)Hinduism
D)Artism

Question 69

The morality that tends to be ascetic and legalistic and often reduces ethical behaviour to a set of highly legalist rules grounded in the Judeo-Christian ethic is the

A)Old Morality
B)New Morality
C)Pluralistic Existentialist Morality
D)Democratic Protestant Morality

Question 70

Who opposed Celibacy?

A)Jesus
B)St.Paul
C)St.Augustine
D)Muhammad

Question 71

This approach to sexuality seeks intimacy between persons and condemns exploitative relationships,but tends to be tolerant and skeptical of claims of absolute right and wrong.This approach is

A)Judaism
B)Old Morality
C)Hedonism
D)Humanism

Question 72

Moralists

A)allow freedom to individuals even if society might be endangered by their actions.
B)affirm the value of many competing opinions.
C)believe that the truth is discovered in the clash of diverse perspectives.
D)favour strict regulation of human conduct to help make people good.

Question 73

The religious belief that sexual desire can be overcome during the act of sexual intercourse as a means of transcending the limitations of human life is part of the faith called

A)Roman Catholicism
B)Tantric Buddhism
C)Moksha Hinduism
D)Protestantism

Question 74

In the Hindu religion,what does brahmacharya refer to?

A)orgasm
B)sexual intercourse
C)passion
D)celibacy

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT a principle of humanism?

A)There are rules for human conduct and morality consists of knowing the rules and learning to apply them.
B)Values can be found only in human experience.
C)The basic goals of human life are happiness,self-awareness,and the fulfillment of human needs.
D)A person must make her or his own decisions and accept responsibility for them and their consequences.

Question 76

The Kama Sutra,a masterpiece of erotic hedonism,testifies to the positive view of sexuality found in

A)Hinduism in India
B)Buddhism in China
C)Roman Catholicism in Ireland
D)Protestantism in Canada

Question 77

Concerning Guatama,the Buddha,all are true EXCEPT

A)discussed sex very little in his teachings
B)sought a middle way between extreme hedonism and extreme asceticism
C)emphasized asceticism more than hedonism
D)invented Tantric Buddhism

Question 78

Sarah was raised in a devout Catholic home,went to church every day,regularly attended confession,and practiced all of the religious holidays and traditions.Now that Sarah is older,she has struggled to maintain her Catholic faith in face of many of the experiences and observations she has had in Canadian society.Recently,Sarah has made friends from various protestant religious.From her interactions with these new friends,she has encountered many different beliefs despite the common belief in Christianity.What is it about the Protestant religions that accounts for this diversity of beliefs?

A)Protestants emphasize individual interpretations of the Bible.
B)Protestants are a fractured and unstable group.
C)Protestantism is not really a religion so much as a cult.
D)Protestantism takes the opposite view of most things the Catholic church says out of protest.

Question 79

In this religion we can find complete devotion to erotic hedonism as found in the Kama Sutra and we can also find the other extreme of ascetic celibacy called brahmacharya.This is the religion of

A)Islam
B)Christianity
C)Buddhism
D)Hinduism

Question 80

In terms of its roots __________ is the closest faith to the Judeo-Christian heritage.

A)Islam
B)Hinduism
C)Buddhism
D)Humanism