Deck 16: Sexual Coercion

Question 1

Research on the factors that support sexual assault clearly indicate that there is one "typical" sexually aggressive man who will commit a sexual assault against a woman.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

One of the best things a person can do when a friend has been sexually assaulted is to listen,believe her and be supportive.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Talking about sex with someone under the legal age of consent on the Internet is not illegal because there is no way to know the person's real age.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Date sexual assault will continue to be the most common type of sexual assault until women start to mean what they say so that the average man will be able to believe her.

Question 5

Child sexual abuse prevention programs that teach children skills are not very effective.

Question 6

The legal age of consent is 16 unless the older person is in a position of trust or authority over the younger person.

Question 7

Male sexual assault victims differ significantly from female sexual assault victims in the psychological aftermath because the men are often sexually assaulted by a member of the same sex.

Question 8

Some sexual assault victims report positive life changes following the trauma.

Question 9

Fortunately,when a woman is sexually assaulted,the effects of the sexual assault are limited to her and not her social network.

Question 10

Given the different and more open attitudes about sexual assault in North American society today,most sexual assaults are reported to the authorities,especially stranger sexual assault.

Question 11

Adult male victims/survivors of sexual assault are blamed more harshly for this victimization compared to female victims/survivors.

Question 12

Men who are sexually aggressive tend to be repeat sex offenders.

Question 13

The prevention of sexual assault is not readily feasible because of the physical nature of males that makes them sexually aggressive with a lack of self-control when sexually aroused.

Question 14

A complainant's sexual history is permissible in court as part of a sexual assault defense in Canada.

Question 15

Sexual abuse of children happens only to a few girls and boys in North American society today because most parents,teachers,and local authorities are much more open about dealing with sexual issues.

Question 16

Spousal sexual assault is relatively rare and unknown in North America because of the openness about sexual abuse and the more equal status of women due to employment in the labour force.

Question 17

In trying to explain what causes sexual assault in a society,the two best theories that have been tested and appear to explain a great deal about why men sexually assault are feminist theory and the theory of psychopathology of sex offenders.

Question 18

More than one-third of pedophiles are left-handed or ambidextrous

Question 19

The impact of sexual assault on the woman who has been sexually assaulted fits the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Question 20

The main form of sexual assault against men occurs in prison.

Question 21

To reduce recidivism,treatment of sex offender programs need to enhance overall functioning as well as target deviant arousal.

Question 22

Once a sexual abuser has been incarcerated and treated,he will not repeat a sexual abuse offence.

Question 23

What is the most crucial legal point regarding sexual assault as defined by the Criminal Code of Canada?

A)Forced vaginal intercourse is part of the definition.
B)Forced intercourse in marriage is part of the definition.
C)The activity is nonconsensual.
D)The sexual assailant (rapist)is male and the victim is female.

Question 24

Which statement is NOT included in the definition of sexual assault?

A)Consensual oral sex.
B)Vaginal penetration when the victim is incapable of giving consent.
C)Anal penetration obtained by force.
D)Being touched in a manner that is not desired.

Question 25

Sexual assault occurs when a person does NOT consent to sexual activities.Which of the following can be interpreted as consensual sex?

A)A boyfriend has intercourse with his girlfriend who has passed out from drinking.
B)A man randomly meets up with an ex-girlfriend,and they end up having wild sex at his place.
C)A woman agrees to have intercourse with a new boyfriend,but just before penetration occurs she says "no," then lies still while her boyfriend performs intercourse.
D)A woman performs fellatio on a man she met at a bar,until he reaches orgasm.During the sexual activity the man repeatedly says "no."

Question 26

The National Sex Offender Registry has no controversies surrounding it anymore.

Question 27

Another term for child molester is pedophile.

Question 28

Which of the following was NOT a criticism of Canada's rape law prior to 1983?

A)Only forced heterosexual intercourse was considered rape.
B)The complainant's testimony was enough to convict.
C)Husbands could not be charged with raping their wives.
D)A victim's prior sexual activity was admissible as court evidence.

Question 29

For the most part,sexual harassment exists in the work place and not in academia.

Question 30

Intrafamilial sexual abuse is probably much more common than we believe it is.

Question 31

Which one of the following is a TRUE statement regarding the Canadian Criminal Code definition of sexual assault?

A)Vaginal intercourse must be involved in order to qualify as a sexual assault.
B)Sexual activity must involve the threat of physical harm with a weapon.
C)Both men and women can be victims of a sexual assault or can be charged with sexual assault.
D)The crucial point is that the victim did nothing to encourage the sexual assault (e.g.,dressed suggestively).

Question 32

A survey (2016)of university students at 82 public and private universities and colleges across Canada found that,in the previous year,what percentage had experienced sexual touching without their consent?

A)5.7 percent
B)10.7 percent
C)15.7 percent
D)20.7 percent

Question 33

Sexual harassment and sexual assault in the RCMP have become a serious problem.

Question 34

Sexual assault by someone who is known to the victim (i.e.,date rape,social sexual assault)

A)is difficult to identify.
B)is relatively rare for women who date university students.
C)appears to occur primarily in high schools.
D)is a common occurrence in Canadian society,being much more frequent than sexual assault by a stranger.

Question 35

Sexual harassment against teenagers is more likely to be perpetrated by teachers than by peers.

Question 36

In 1980,Valery was sexually assaulted at a college party.Her assaulter was a boy that she had a crush on and was initially excited to be getting attention from.However,when Valery was alone with the boy away from the party rooms,he quickly and forcefully pushed her against the wall and penetrated her under her skirt.Valery felt upset and ashamed.She ran back to her dorm,showered,and cried herself to sleep.Weeks later,she finally told her good friend what had happened.But she would not report the assault to the police saying that they wouldn't be able to do anything anyways.Which of the following is MOST TRUE regarding Valery's beliefs that lead her to not report the incident?

A)Because of where the assault occurred,what Valery did after the assault,and the time since the assault,she is probably accurate in her statement.
B)Despite the events that led up to and after the assault,Valery should still report for she might have a chance of conviction if the police investigate.
C)Because Valery knew and was attracted to her assaulter,it is not really a sexual assault under the criminal code at the time.
D)Valery is correct that the police can't do much because sexual assault in 1980 was a civil offence.

Question 37

After the passage of several important sexual harassment laws,most of the problems of sexual harassment have disappeared.

Question 38

If a child is sexually abused before the age of 15,the effects of the abuse tend to be minimal and only short-term.

Question 39

When William was 19 years-old,he was swarmed by a group of boys after work,late at night.The boys held William down,stripped him,and simulated anal and oral sex against him.Which of the following answers indicates the difference between how the criminal law was relevant to William in 1982 compared to today?

A)The law in 1982 and today are the same.William's experience was scary but it was not a sexual assault because there was no anal penetration.
B)In 1982,the law did not recognize sexual assault on a man and because he was not anally penetrated.Today,the laws would recognize William's experience as sexual assault.
C)The law works the same for William in 1982 and today;his experience would be considered a sexual assault.
D)The law between 1982 and today changed in terms of sexual assault,but this is a case of pure violence and would not be prosecuted as sexual assault.

Question 40

PTSD is not found in children after sexual abuse.

Question 41

Sexual assault in our society

A)affects almost all,if not all,women in their behaviour.
B)has no effect on men.
C)is something most of us can do nothing about.It is just part of the human condition.
D)can be eliminated if offenders knew that they would be castrated as punishment.

Question 42

What is the most likely effective kind of program and/or therapy for treating "date rapists" suggested by Hyde,DeLamater,and Byers?

A)Teaching young women self-defense.
B)Skills training that enable the sexual aggressor to read women's emotions.
C)Hormone treatment that reduces the man's sexual drive.
D)Cognitive therapy with the goal being to get the man to change his suspicious schema.

Question 43

The sexual assault experienced by the second-year university student,committed by the football player "G"

A)was about a "date rape."
B)had very few long-term effects.
C)ended in the victim pressing charges and a suspended sentence for the offender.
D)began in the context of a relationship where previous sexual intercourse had been quite successful,but the presence of alcohol changed that.

Question 44

Which one of the following does a survivor of sexual assault NOT need?

A)comfort
B)to be believed
C)to be told that you will "get the bastard who did this"
D)medical assistance

Question 45

The authors of your text report on an interview about a sexual assault experienced by a second-year university student,committed by a football player called "G." What were the effects of this sexual assault?

A)They lasted through her undergraduate years and much of her medical training until she was able to turn the self-blame and depression around with the help of her supervisor and friends.
B)Were minimal because she eventually went on to medical school and became a Medical Doctor.
C)Ended with the victim finally accepting that ultimately the sexual assault was her fault.This acceptance led to her healing process.
D)Ended in the victim dropping out of university and becoming a prostitute for about 10 years until she became a born-again Christian that helped her resolve her feeling of guilt and self-blame.

Question 46

While talking with her best friend,Hae Sook confides that she was drugged and sexually assaulted.Hae Sook's friend notices that she keeps commenting on her own stupidity for letting someone buy her a drink at the bar,drinking too much,and not having a safe plan for getting home with her friends.What are Hae Sook's comments an example of?

A)self-blame
B)searching for the real reason for the sexual assault
C)blaming the offender
D)assessing damage to the woman's mental health

Question 47

Several explanations have been offered explaining why sexually aggressive men misperceive women's communications.Your text states that research evidence supports which possible explanation?

A)These men generally believe that women do not communicate honestly and have suspicious cognitions.
B)These men lack competence in "reading" women's negative emotions.
C)These men fail to make subtle distinctions between women's friendliness and seductiveness.
D)Simple skills training in communication is the best option in changing these men.

Question 48

Who,in the following list,will never experience sexual assault?

A)Fred,a 30-year-old Italian immigrant
B)Juanita,a 42-year-old Spanish immigrant
C)Lenard,a 51-year-old Asian immigrant
D)Although some people are more at risk than others,anyone can experience sexual assault.

Question 49

Nancy was sexually assaulted last night on her way home from a nice night out.Based on what you know about the statistics of sexual assault,who is most likely the assailant?

A)The taxi driver that drove her home.
B)Her lesbian neighbour who flirts with her every time she sees her.
C)The guy she went on a date with that night.
D)The street man who is often outside her apartment building.

Question 50

According to Statistics Canada,what percent of Canadian women have been assaulted by their husband/common-law partner?

A)20%
B)15%
C)51%
D)5%

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT an indication that your friend may have been slipped one of the "date-rape drugs"? Your friend displays

A)sedation.
B)anger.
C)hallucinations.
D)amnesia the following day.

Question 52

Tamika felt completely traumatized and had many negative reactions for about a month following a sexual assault by a work acquaintance.After dealing with her initial emotional reaction,she found herself feeling a greater purpose in life.She started eating healthier,took up martial arts,and began volunteering at her community sexual assault centre.What does Tamika's personal change suggest?

A)Post-traumatic growth.
B)Acute traumatic stress reaction.
C)Denial about the trauma of her experience.
D)Initial overwhelming emotions followed by emotional avoidance.

Question 53

Which type of sexual assault is most likely to be based on some kind of misperception on the part of the assailant?

A)date sexual assault
B)marital sexual assault
C)prison sexual assault
D)statutory sexual assault

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a common physical injury that women suffer from a sexual assault?

A)throat irritation
B)cuts and bruises
C)vaginal pain
D)broken bones

Question 55

Which of the following is typically NOT a motivation behind marital sexual assault?

A)anger
B)power
C)irrepressible love
D)sadism

Question 56

Post-traumatic stress disorder as it applies to sexual assault victims includes which of the following?

A)Feeling more at ease in all locations and activities now that the worst case scenario (i.e.,sexual assault)has already occurred and can be forgotten
B)A complete loss of memory for the event
C)Always feeling 'on edge' (i.e.,difficulty sleeping,concentration difficulties,irritability)
D)A greater belief in one's ability to handle any future assaults

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT something friends can do to support a woman who has been sexually assaulted?

A)Listen to her.
B)Offer to stay with her-don't leave her alone.
C)Tell her she is not to blame.
D)Take control by making her decisions.

Question 58

Spousal sexual assault

A)is legally impossible,since sex in marriage is assumed.
B)is often associated with marital violence.
C)when it does happen,does not have lasting effects on the marital relationship since it is significantly different than stranger or acquaintance sexual assault.
D)is so rare that it is very difficult to get a sample large enough to study.

Question 59

Recently,the concept ________________ has been applied to better understand the emotional and physical effects a woman undergoes following a sexual assault or an attempted sexual assault.

A)victim-precipitated guilt (VPG)
B)psychopathology
C)rape trauma syndrome (RTS)
D)post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 60

Which person is at a higher than average risk of experiencing a sexual assault?

A)Alex,a 21-year-old Caribbean-Canadian university student.
B)Jeremy,a 31-year-old Latin-Canadian petite gay man.
C)Lee,a 32-year-old Asian-Canadian woman who lives in an Asian community.
D)Paulette,a 26-year-old Caucasian woman with down syndrome.

Question 61

Which of the following is TRUE regarding research on the theories of sexual assault?

A)There is support for most women causing their own sexual assault.
B)There is no support for most men who commit sexual assault having psychological disorders.
C)Psychopathology is a more common cause of sexual assault then hypermasculinity.
D)Social factors have not been linked to sexual assault.

Question 62

Which of the following is associated with more severe symptoms for a child who is a victim of sexual abuse?

A)the perpetrator receives a light sentence
B)the child is female
C)penetration did not occur
D)testifying once against the perpetrator as opposed to repeatedly

Question 63

In what year was the National Sex Offender Registry implemented?

A)1989
B)1994
C)1999
D)2004

Question 64

Which of the following is a correct statement about the causes of sexual assault in a society?

A)The cultural context may contribute to a climate that encourages sexual assault.
B)Rapists themselves are not that responsible for their actions;it is the culture in which they live.
C)Victims of sexual assault must bear a large part of the responsibility for the occurrence of sexual assault.
D)Pornography of any kind seems to decrease the likelihood that men will commit sexual assault.

Question 65

Which of the following is the best predictor of recidivism in child molesters?

A)intelligence
B)intrafamilial offenses
C)socioeconomic status
D)intensity of sexual arousal to children

Question 66

All of the following are situational factors that can influence and increase the chance of sexual assault EXCEPT

A)war.
B)parties where alcohol is involved to an excessive degree.
C)being in a secluded or private place.
D)night time.

Question 67

Early family influences may play a role in shaping a man into a sexual aggressor.Specifically,young men who are sexual aggressors are likely to have

A)had a dominant mother.
B)had a patriarchal family structure.
C)been sexually abused in childhood.
D)been unpopular in school.

Question 68

Accepting this theoretical view of sexual assault,one would likely recommend psychological treatment for the perpetrator rather than incarceration.Which of the following theoretical views is being referred to here?

A)Victim-precipitated
B)Social disorganization
C)Feminist
D)Psychopathology of sex offenders

Question 69

Victor's group of friends regularly goes to the bar and tries to pick up women.They do not take rejection well and frequently become aggressive with women who decline their advances.One night,Victor sexually assaults a woman he meets at the bar.Which of the following factors is MOST clearly related to Victor's sexual aggression?

A)being part of a peer group where members were likely to have used sexual aggression
B)need for understanding what women want
C)growing up in a violent home
D)history of easily picking up women who agree to have sex

Question 70

Research indicates that a number of cultural and individual factors contribute to sexual assault.__________ are culturally transmitted messages that convey society's expectations about how men and women are supposed to act in sexual situations.

A)Sexual scripts
B)Early family influences
C)Peer-group influences
D)Masculinity norms

Question 71

Which one of the following factors has been linked to why Canadian men may misinterpret a woman's friendly behaviour as a sexual invitation?

A)lack of social understanding
B)emotional immaturity
C)willful misinterpretation
D)lack of direct verbal consent

Question 72

Which of the following is TRUE regarding pedophiles?

A)Their patterns of preference tend to be unstable over time.
B)They score low measures of heterosocial competence.
C)They are all child molesters.
D)Child molesters tend not to be repeat offenders.

Question 73

In one study,129 women who were known to have been sexually abused as children,since they had been brought to a hospital for treatment at the time and the abuse had also been medically verified 17 years later they were Interviewed.What percentage did NOT remember their abuse?

A)18 percent
B)28 percent
C)38 percent
D)48 percent

Question 74

Which of the following has research found is different between pedophiles and non-pedophile offender and/or controls?

A)Pedophiles have lower IQs.
B)Pedophiles are more likely to be poor.
C)Pedophiles are almost all exclusively attracted to their same sex.
D)Pedophiles are more likely to be hockey players.

Question 75

Pam believes that she could never know a man who would commit a sexual assault because men who do these things are mentally disturbed.Pam's beliefs reflect which theory of sexual assault?

A)psychopathology of sex offenders theory
B)feminist theory
C)victim-precipitated theory
D)sexual scripts theory

Question 76

The theory that represents the view that sexual aggressors are the product of gender-role socialization and links the relationship between using sex and power is _____.

A)feminist theory
B)victim-precipitated theory
C)rapist-precipitated theory
D)cognitive theory

Question 77

Traditional sexual scripts play a role in supporting sexual assault by

A)supporting equality between men and women.
B)conveying the message that the man is supposed to be oversexed and the sexual "aggressor."
C)introducing the idea that it is okay for the woman to be the sexual "aggressor."
D)stating that the man needs to have more empathy in social relationships.

Question 78

Those who were repeat sexual offenders averaged about how many assaults each.

A)three
B)four
C)six
D)eight

Question 79

In attempting to identify pedophiles,what did the researchers find?

A)Using child pornography appears to be a good indicator of pedophilia.
B)It is almost impossible to identify pedophiles.
C)Many people who are not pedophiles sill show still cognitive associations with children and sex.
D)The best way to identify pedophiles is by examining people's own experiences with being a victim of sexual abuse.

Question 80

Which theoretical view of sexual assault suggests that sexual assault is a direct function of disrupted social interactions within a community?

A)Feminist
B)Social disorganization
C)Sociobiological
D)Interactionist