Deck 27: Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

What intestinal hormone is responsible for stimulating the pancreas to secrete fluid into the duodenum?

A) Secretin
B) Chyme
C) Gastrin
D) Pepsin

Answer 1

Secretin

Question 2

Where in the gastrointestinal tract are Bacteroides,Lactobacillus,and Clostridium organisms commonly found?

A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Liver

Answer 2

Large intestine

Question 3

How is food is propelled through the esophagus?

A) Gravity
B) Salivary fluids
C) Cardiac sphincter suction
D) Peristalsis

Answer 3

Peristalsis

Question 4

What purpose does saliva serve in the process of digestion?

A) Washes away bacteria
B) Provides the body's main source of potassium
C) Contains hydrochloric acid for breakdown of protein
D) Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system

Question 5

The gastrointestinal system plays a vital role in detoxification and elimination of what substances?

A) Viruses
B) Chemical toxins
C) Drugs
D) Bacteria
E) Bile

Question 6

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system produces which effect on the gastrointestinal system?

A) Decreased peristalsis
B) Increased secretion of watery saliva
C) Decreased colonic activity
D) Increased release of gastrointestinal hormones

Question 7

What is the name of the portion of the stomach that connects the antrum to the duodenum?

A) Fundus
B) Body
C) Cardiac orifice
D) Pylorus

Question 8

Which component of gastric juice is necessary for the breakdown of proteins?

A) Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
B) Pepsin
C) Intrinsic factor
D) Potassium

Question 9

The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine properties.Which substances are produced by the exocrine function?

A) Gastrin
B) Trypsin
C) Amylase
D) Lipase
E) Insulin

Question 10

Which layer of the large intestine consists of longitudinal and circular muscles?

A) Serosa layer
B) Muscularis layer
C) Submucosa layer
D) Mucosa layer

Question 11

A patient has been admitted in acute liver failure.The nurse knows that the synthesis of fibrinogen is affected and will result in what problem?

A) Jaundice
B) Fluid retention and ascites
C) Delayed clotting
D) Hepatomegaly

Question 12

When the ileum is distended,the ileogastric reflex inhibits what process?

A) Gastric absorption
B) Absorption in the jejunum
C) Gastric motility
D) Ileum motility

Question 13

What is the pH of gastric juices prior to being mixed with food?

A) 1.0
B) 3.0
C) 5.0
D) 7.0

Question 14

What is the name of the portion of the stomach that allows for expansion and secretion of gastric juice?

A) Serosa
B) Muscularis
C) Submucosa
D) Mucosa

Question 15

Which organ lies obliquely beneath the cardiac sphincter and above the pyloric sphincter?

A) Esophagus
B) Stomach
C) Duodenum
D) Ileum

Question 16

What vessel delivers nutrient-rich blood from the gut,pancreas,spleen,and stomach to the liver?

A) Hepatic artery
B) Hepatic vein
C) Portal vein
D) Interlobular veins

Question 17

A patient has been admitted in acute liver failure.Which laboratory value would the nurse expect to support this diagnosis?

A) Elevated blood glucose level
B) High levels of unconjugated bilirubin
C) Decreased prothrombin time
D) Decreased partial thromboplastin time

Question 18

What is the main function of bile?

A) Emulsify fat globules
B) Serve as a reservoir for bilirubin
C) Maintain triglyceride levels in the blood
D) Aid in detoxification of drugs in the liver

Question 19

What role does the liver play in maintaining normal blood sugar levels?

A) Produces insulin to breakdown glucose
B) Synthesizes amino acids from ketoacids
C) Converts glycogen to glucose
D) Synthesizes glycogen from carbohydrates

Question 20

Which statements are correct regarding epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa?

A) They prevent diffusion of hydrogen into the mucosa.
B) They secrete bicarbonate to neutralize hydrogen ions.
C) They have the ability to increase blood flow to facilitate removal of toxic metabolites.
D) They break down prostaglandins.
E) They are impervious to alcohol and aspirin.