Deck 30: Endocrine Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Through what mechanism does the endocrine system help maintain equilibrium?

A) Control of smooth muscle
B) Control of skeletal muscle
C) Hormones
D) Neuronal control

Answer 1

Hormones

Question 2

A nurse is caring for a patient who is having difficulty maintaining a normal blood sugar level.In the healthy body,how is a normal blood glucose level is maintained?

A) Insulin secretion
B) Cellular metabolism
C) Insulin-to-glucagon ratio
D) Insulin-to-thyroxine ratio

Answer 2

Insulin-to-glucagon ratio

Question 3

Which statement best describes the effects of somatostatin?

A) It stimulates the release of antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin.
B) It suppresses the release of pancreatic polypeptide.
C) It inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon.
D) It inhibits the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid hormone.

Answer 3

It inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon.

Question 4

A patient has been admitted post thyroidectomy.The nurse knows that adequate thyroid function is dependent on which factor?

A) Basal metabolic rate
B) Dietary intake of iodine
C) Colloid osmotic pressure
D) Sodium levels in the blood

Question 5

A patient is receiving insulin due to the development of steroid-induced hyperglycemia.In addition to lowering blood glucose levels,what other physiologic effect may occur when insulin is administered?

A) Breakdown of proteins
B) Hypercalcemia
C) Hypokalemia
D) Cellular dehydration

Question 6

The release of hormones by the pituitary gland is under the control which part of the brain?

A) Cerebellum
B) Occipital lobe
C) Temporal lobe
D) Hypothalamus

Question 7

A patient with thyrotoxicosis has been admitted.What effect of increased T₃ and T₄ levels might the nurse expect to see in this patient?

A) Increased oxygen consumption
B) Decreased basal metabolic rate
C) Decreased cardiac output
D) Increased calcium levels

Question 8

A patient is brought to the hospital with a major stab wound.After excessive blood loss,the nurse should anticipate what change in the patient's serum osmolality?

A) Increase
B) Decrease
C) Rapid decrease than increase
D) Equal to his or her sodium level

Question 9

What hormone do the alpha cells of the pancreas secrete?

A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Somatostatin
D) Pancreatic polypeptide hormone

Question 10

Decreased insulin and increased glucagon result in what physiologic process?

A) Increased glycogenolysis
B) Decreased fat mobilization
C) Decreased ketosis
D) Increased glycogen storage

Question 11

A patient is admitted with a traumatic head injury.The patient starts to exhibit signs of a decrease in antidiuretic hormone (ADH).What is the function of ADH?

A) Control blood pressure
B) Regulate fluid balance
C) Normalize potassium levels
D) Maintain homeostasis

Question 12

A patient has been admitted after a craniotomy.The patient starts to exhibit changes in the level of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).The nurse knows that ADH works primarily affects which organ?

A) Liver
B) Pancreas
C) Stomach
D) Kidneys

Question 13

Which anatomic structure has influence over all areas of body functioning?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Pancreas
C) Thyroid
D) Pituitary

Question 14

The patient has been admitted from a skilled nursing facility with urinary sepsis.The patient has severe muscle wasting.What is the process by which fat and protein are converted to glucose for fuel?

A) Glycogenolysis
B) Gluconeogenesis
C) Digestion
D) Biotransformation

Question 15

A patient has been admitted with a brain tumor.The patient starts to exhibit signs of an increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH).When large amounts of ADH are released,the nurse should anticipate what change in the patient's sodium levels?

A) Increase
B) Decrease
C) Rapid increase than decrease
D) Depends on potassium level

Question 16

What hormone does the adrenal cortex secrete to maintain homeostasis?

A) Androgens
B) Aldosterone
C) Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
D) Corticosteroid

Question 17

A patient is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN).During rounds the dietitian states that she believes the patient is getting too much glucose.Identify one area in which excess glucose is stored as glycogen.

A) Pancreas
B) Hepatic cells
C) Gallbladder
D) Stomach

Question 18

A patient is admitted with a traumatic head injury.The patient starts to exhibit signs of a decrease in antidiuretic hormone (ADH).Which symptom would alert the nurse to this problem?

A) Rapidly escalating hypertension
B) Massive diuresis
C) Pulmonary edema
D) Hyperkalemia

Question 19

Glucagon release is stimulated by which physiologic factor?

A) Increases in circulating insulin
B) Decreases in blood amino acids
C) Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
D) High blood glucose levels

Question 20

A patient with thyrotoxicosis has been admitted.The nurse knows that when levels of T₃ and T₄ are elevated,the pituitary gland inhibits what hormone?

A) Thyroglobulin
B) Thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH)
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
D) Calcitonin

Question 21

A patient is being treated for hypothyroidism.The nurse knows that this disorder can affect a variety of physiologic processes.What are the major functions of the thyroid hormones?

A) Increase the rate of glucose used by the cells
B) Decrease fat metabolism
C) Increase the body's demand for vitamins
D) Decrease cardiac output
E) Stimulate bone resorption
F) Increase serum cholesterol levels

Question 22

A patient is admitted with multiple trauma.Which hormone would the nurse expect to be increased in response to physiologic stress?

A) Mineralocorticoid
B) Corticosteroid
C) Glucocorticoid
D) Cortisol

Question 23

When the brain perceives a stressful or threatening situation,the hypothalamus releases ________________________,which causes the anterior pituitary to release______________.

A) cortisol; androgens
B) corticotropin-releasing hormone; adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
C) ACTH; glucocorticoid hormone
D) ACTH; epinephrine

Question 24

A patient is admitted post arrest from sudden cardiac death.According the code record the patient received a total of 6 mg of epinephrine.The nurse knows that epinephrine and norepinephrine are also secreted by which organ?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Anterior pituitary
D) Posterior pituitary

Question 25

The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes insipidus,which is the result of a decrease in antidiuretic hormone (ADH).Which statements regarding the stimulation or inhibition of ADH are accurate?

A) Infection stimulates the release of ADH.
B) Cold stimulates the release of ADH.
C) Emesis stimulates the release of ADH.
D) Opioids inhibit the release of ADH.
E) Hemorrhage inhibits the release of ADH.
F) Pain inhibits the release of ADH.