Deck 14: Child Teen and Older Adult

Question 1

As older people reduce their physical activity,their lean tissue diminishes,resulting in sarcopenia,an age-related loss of muscle tissue.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Dental caries are a serious public health problem afflicting 42% of children between the ages of 2 and 11years old.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Food labels must announce the presence of common allergens in plain language,using the names of allergy-causing foods.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

To prevent iron deficiency,children's foods must deliver 7-10 milligrams of iron per day.

Question 5

The life-threatening food allergy reaction of anaphylactic shock is most often caused by:

A)almonds,yeast breads,and oranges.
B)tomatoes,yeast breads,and bananas.
C)​peanuts,fish,and shellfish.
D)​soy,fish,and strawberries.
E)​wheat,meat,and tree nuts.

Question 6

A six-year-old child needs approximately ____ calories a day.

A)850
B)1000
C)​1300
D)​1600
E)​2000

Question 7

​Children's intakes of which nutrients typically fall below recommendations?

A)vitamin B₆ and protein
B)vitamin A and vitamin C
C)​sodium and potassium
D)​fat and fiber
E)​vitamin D and iron

Question 8

​What is one ways to prevent a child from choking?

A)giving the child round foods,like grapes and nuts
B)serving safe snacks such as chips and popcorn
C)​insisting that children who eat while reclining lie still
D)​not serving beverages with meals
E)​encouraging the child to sit when eating

Question 9

​The life span of human beings is believed to be 125 years.

Question 10

Food allergies and high sugar intakes have been identified as the main causes of hyperactivity in children.

Question 11

Many children prefer sweet fruits and mild-flavored vegetables served raw or undercooked.

Question 12

​Nutrients missed from a skipped breakfast will be made up by children at later meals and snacks during the day.

Question 13

​Boys normally develop a somewhat higher percentage of body fat than girls do.

Question 14

Loneliness affects many people,young and old alike,and can negatively influence overall health.

Question 15

Medical drugs do only good,not harm.

Question 16

​Which statement is true?

A)Children don't like to eat at little tables with other children.
B)Children should be served large portions of foods.
C)​Rewarding children for eating vegetables always results in a preference for them.
D)​Food jags in young children should not be allowed by parents.
E)​Children should be encouraged to stop eating when they are full.

Question 17

​Older adults are not able to maintain muscle mass and strength.

Question 18

People taking two or more drugs at the same time are more vulnerable to nutrient-drug interactions.

Question 19

​Which of the following describes foods preferred by children?

A)hot vegetables
B)mild flavors
C)​overcooked vegetables
D)​unfamiliar but colorful fruits
E)​tart fruits

Question 20

Adolescents who frequently eat meals with their families eat more fruits,vegetables,grains,and calcium-rich foods and drink fewer soft drinks than those who seldom eat with their families.

Question 21

​In boys,the adolescent growth spurt peaks at:

A)10.
B)11.
C)12.​
D)​13.
E)​14.

Question 22

​To promote dental health,children should be taught to:

A)limit consumption of bottled water.
B)snack on dried fruits.
C)​avoid eating popcorn or yogurt as snacks.
D)​quench their thirst with sports drinks.
E)​brush their teeth soon after eating sticky,sweet foods.

Question 23

​Absorption of ____ appears to increase with aging.

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)​calcium
D)​iron
E)​potassium

Question 24

​Hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle also alter:

A)vitamin D requirements.
B)serum calcium levels.
C)​iron absorption.
D)​glucose tolerance.
E)​serum cholesterol levels.

Question 25

​For people over 70,the best health and lowest risk of death have been observed in those who maintain a BMI between:

A)12 and 17.
B)18 and 24.
C)​25 and 32.
D)​33 and 42.
E)​35 and 40.

Question 26

To prevent early onset of cataracts,the diet should provide an ample supply of:​

A)vitamin C supplements.​
B)vitamin E supplements.
C)​vitamin A from fortified milk.
D)​foods high in carotenoids.
E)​foods high in calcium and vitamin D.

Question 27

​Older adults should drink at least ____ cups of fluid a day to provide needed water.

A)3-4
B)5-6
C)​7-8
D)​9-13
E)​17-20

Question 28

​School lunches are designed to provide at least ____ of the recommended intake for certain nutrients.

A)one-fourth
B)one-half
C)​one-third
D)​two-thirds
E)​three-quarters

Question 29

Hyperactivity occurs in ____ percent of young,school-age children.

A)1 to 3
B)3 to 5
C)​5 to 10
D)​7 to 12
E)​15 to 17

Question 30

Since 1950,the number of people ____ years old in the U.S.has increased seven-fold.

A)under 5
B)over 35
C)​over 85
D)​over 90
E)​over 100

Question 31

​Which of the following worsens acne?

A)chocolate
B)stress
C)​French fries
D)​salt
E)​physical activity

Question 32

​The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend that older adults:

A)avoid resistance exercise to reduce fracture risk.
B)perform at least 200 minutes of high-intensity exercise weekly.
C)​include a wide variety and multiple intensity levels of exercise in their exercise plans.
D)​omit balance exercises from their fitness routine if they are at risk of falling.
E)​perform resistance training while seated if physical limitations make standing unsafe. 

Question 33

​Children who skip breakfast:

A)are more likely to snack on fruits and vegetables.
B)perform especially well in tasks requiring concentration.
C)​achieve higher test scores.
D)​are more likely to be overweight.
E)​often make up for missed nutrients at lunch and dinner. 

Question 34

​After the age of 50,the intake recommendation for energy assumes a _____ percent reduction in energy output per decade.

A)5
B)12
C)​15
D)​20
E)​25

Question 35

​Older adults should:

A)consume 14 grams of fiber per day.
B)not limit the amount of saturated fat in their diets.
C)​consume twice as much protein as younger adults.
D)eat only fiber-rich,low-calorie foods regardless of body weight.
E)​choose protein sources to meet the DRI without exceeding energy needs.

Question 36

​The life expectancy at birth for white women is:

A)70 years.
B)81 years.
C)​95 years.
D)​115 years.
E)​125 years.

Question 37

​The best way to determine if a teenager is growing normally is to:

A)use growth charts developed for teenagers.
B)calculate the appropriate height and weight based on age.
C)​compare him or her with peers.
D)​compare his or her height and weight with previous measures taken earlier.
E)​use growth charts developed for adults.

Question 38

Which of the following is probably not a cause of "hyper" behavior in children?​

A)lack of exercise
B)inadequate sleep
C)​too much television
D)​too much sugar
E)​caffeine

Question 39

​One of the main effects of physical activity for the elderly is to:

A)cause a diminished immune response.
B)improve quality of life.
C)​cause involuntary weight loss.
D)​negatively affect balance.
E)​decrease food consumption.

Question 40

​On the average,about ____ of a teenager's total daily energy intake comes from snacks.

A)one-fourth
B)one-third
C)​one-eighth
D)​one-half
E)​two-thirds

Question 41

​Which lifestyle factor has been identified as being able to make people seem younger than their chronological age?

A)periodic weight-loss dieting
B)weekly family meals
C)​psychological outlook
D)​abstinence from or moderation in alcohol use
E)​rising early each morning

Question 42

​A young child who used to like bananas now gets nauseated if he has to eat them.This has happened ever since he became ill two months ago from spinning on a carousel immediately after eating a banana in the playground.This would be an example of a:

A)food allergy.
B)food intolerance.
C)​food aversion.
D)​food immunity.
E)​food faddism.

Question 43

​Frequent consumption of which food raises the risk for dental caries the most?

A)carrot sticks
B)bagels
C)​chocolate milk
D)​plain yogurt
E)​apples

Question 44

​An adolescent girl is drinking diet colas instead of milk because she wants to control her weight.What advice would you give her to aid in developing peak bone mass?

A)Stop drinking diet colas immediately.
B)Increase your physical activity to make up for the low calcium intake.
C)Eat high-calcium snacks such as low-fat yogurt or cheese in place of empty-calorie snacks.
D)​Reduce your exercise so you won't need as much calcium to build bones.
E)​Take a calcium supplement with the diet colas.

Question 45

​A parent who wishes to protect her child from lead toxicity would do all of the following except:

A)prevent the child from chewing on old painted surfaces.
B)feed the child additional protein.
C)​wash the child's hands,bottles,and toys often.
D)​make sure the child gets an adequate calcium intake.
E)​wipe the soil off everyone's shoes before entering the home.

Question 46

Joe is a 15-year-old active male.However,his parents are concerned that Joe is not growing properly.To assess his growth,Joe's parents should:

A)compare Joe's height and weight to his best friends'.
B)compare Joe's height and weight with previous measures taken at intervals.
C)​compare Joe's height and weight to adult weight standards.
D)​compare Joe's height to teen weight standards.
E)​check Joe's BMI.

Question 47

​Which child is at significant risk for choking?

A)Susie,who is sitting down and eating tender beef strips
B)Tammy,who is eating carrot sticks under the watchful eye of her babysitter
C)​Billy,who likes to run around the table before he begins to eat
D)​Kim,who is standing still and eating chocolate pudding
E)​Charles,who is snacking on grapes while watching television

Question 48

​At mealtimes,the best way to be sure children are receiving adequate nutrition from the foods they eat is to:

A)make them eat everything you have put on their plates.
B)allow them to make all the food decisions as determined by their favorites.
C)​keep adding a food they don't like on their plate until they eat it.
D)​allow them to select from a variety of nutritious foods you have prepared for the family.
E)​offer only the most nutrient-dense foods.

Question 49

​Is lead poisoning still a problem for young children?

A)No,because water coming into houses from treatment plants contains no lead. 
B)Yes,because children still have deficiencies of the vitamins and minerals that reduce absorption of lead.
C)​No,because current medical treatments can reverse the damage to the body.
D)​Yes,because they may still have access to canned foods with high lead content.
E)​Yes,because almost all toys marketed to children contain high amounts of lead. 

Question 50

A 7-year-old boy who is not eating breakfast before going to school because he doesn't want to miss the school bus:

A)is less likely to become overweight.
B)will easily make up the nutrients he missed at lunch and dinner.
C)​is likely to perform poorly on the tests he takes in the morning.
D)​will be commended by the teacher for paying close attention in class.
E)​is likely to outperform his classmates in tasks requiring concentration. 

Question 51

​Which food item is likely to be most acceptable to a child?

A)hot vegetable soup
B)lightly crunchy steamed carrots
C)​mashed potatoes served for the first time
D)​hot broccoli with an herb sauce
E)​tart apple

Question 52

​The best way to introduce new foods into to toddler's diet is to:

A)offer a reward if the child eats the new food.
B)introduce new foods at the beginning of the meal when the child is hungry.
C)​offer each new food only once or twice before giving up. 
D)​not allow the child to eat favorite foods until they sample new ones.
E)​make the child prepare the new food to serve to the family.

Question 53

​What should parent or caregiver do to eliminate any obvious cause of hyperactivity in a boy in kindergarten who cannot concentrate on his school work?

A)Eliminate all sources of sugars from his diet.
B)Include mostly high-fiber,low-fat foods in his diet. 
C)​Reduce the hours he sleeps so he will be calm during the day.​
D)​Make sure he eats regular,adequate meals.
E)​Give him an omega-3 fatty acids supplement.

Question 54

​Federal assistance programs can provide all of the following benefits to the elderly except:

A)Social Security income.
B)benefit cards from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.
C)​education and shopping assistance through the Administration on Aging programs.
D)​home meal delivery through the Meals on Wheels Program.
E)​vouchers for free home delivery of meals from popular restaurants.

Question 55

​What is an important nutrition concern for the person with Alzheimer's disease?

A)prevention of weight loss
B)elimination of dietary aluminum
C)​supplementation with iron
D)​treatment with the medicinal herb ginkgo biloba
E)​supplementation with vitamin B₁₂

Question 56

Which of the following would be the most appropriate daily snack for an active,normal-weight child?

A)yogurt
B)candy
C)​ice cream
D)​cola
E)​chips

Question 57

​An adolescent boy has developed extensive acne on his face and wants advice on how to help improve it.What should he do?

A)Take vitamin A supplements because they can cure acne.
B)Try to reduce his stress level.
C)​Avoid eating chocolate because it can increase acne.
D)​Stay out of the sun because it increases inflammation.
E)​Drink more vitamin D-fortified milk.

Question 58

​Normal,everyday causes of "hyper" behavior in children include all of the following except:

A)caffeinated drinks.
B)lack of sleep.
C)​missed meals.
D)​too much exercise.
E)​too much television.

Question 59

​Tommy consumed a breakfast consisting of yogurt with blueberries,corn grits,and orange juice.Shortly thereafter,Tommy experienced an allergic reaction.This reaction was most likely caused by:

A)yogurt.
B)corn grits.
C)​blueberries.
D)​orange juice.
E)​margarine in the corn grits.

Question 60

A teenager consumes a fast-food meal consisting of a hamburger,cola,and French fries.In order to consume an adequate diet,which food should be chosen at other meals during the day?

A)animal protein foods
B)high-fat foods
C)​foods high in energy
D)​whole-grain foods
E)​foods high in starch

Question 61

Can restaurant foods meet nutrient needs or support health as well as homemade foods? What are examples of ways to improve a restaurant meal? 

Question 62

An elderly woman wants to begin an exercise program to keep herself healthy.What would you advise?

A)It is too late to begin a program if she has not been exercising previously.
B)She should aim for 150 minutes or whatever she can safely perform each week.
C)She needs to avoid weight-bearing exercise if she has lost bone density.
D)Resistance training may accelerate muscle loss and should be limited.
E)She should limit exercise to seated,upper-body workouts so she doesn't elevate her heart rate.

Question 63

Which of the following can increase the anti-blood clotting effect of aspirin?

A)nicotine
B)antibiotics
C)​ginkgo biloba
D)​antacids
E)​MAO inhibitors

Question 64

​Which food component can interfere with the absorption of certain antibiotics?

A)dairy products
B)nicotine gum
C)​fruit juices
D)​vitamin C
E)​vitamin K

Question 65

Why do energy needs often decrease with advancing age?

Question 66

Describe how appetite regulates energy intake in children.How can the child's environment influence this process?

Question 67

​What is a good recommendation to the elderly for eating out?

A)Select meals mainly from fast-food restaurants because they have many excellent choices. 
B)Avoid pasta dishes because they are all high in fat.
C)Eat at full-service restaurants because they always have a variety of fruits and vegetables included with their meals.
D)Purchase take-out meals at supermarkets because they only sell nutrient-dense foods.
E)Ask to substitute fruit or vegetables in place of high-fat side items.

Question 68

List several general ways in which drugs,herbal products,and nutrients can interact in the body.

Question 69

Why do older adults face a greater risk of vitamin D deficiency than younger people?

Question 70

​Why is dehydration a major risk for older adults and what are some of the problems associated with dehydration in the elderly?

Question 71

Describe characteristics of children who do not eat breakfast compared to those of their well-fed peers.

Question 72

​A woman has been taking large doses of aspirin for six months to reduce arthritis pain in her back.What nutrient is most affected by this? 

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)​iron
D)​zinc
E)​vitamin E

Question 73

​An elderly woman in a nursing home no longer goes outside to enjoy the sunshine and fresh air,has reduced her meat intake because her dentures don't fit well,and has recently been having difficulty concentrating on conversations with others.She may be developing a deficiency of which vitamins?

A)vitamin D and vitamin B₁₂
B)vitamin A and folate
C)​vitamin C and thiamin
D)​vitamin K and riboflavin
E)​ vitamin C and vitamin E

Question 74

Lois is a 65-year-old female who participates in an exercise class at least three times a week.In addition,she drinks six glasses of water each day and consumes a lot of fresh fruits and vegetables and whole-grain breads and cereals.Lois has high blood pressure,takes medication for her hypertension,and experiences constipation frequently.What is the most likely cause of her constipation?

A)low fiber intake
B)inadequate exercise
C)​medications
D)​low fluid intake
E)​high-fat diet

Question 75

​What changes are seen in water balance as we get older?

A)Total body water increases because the kidneys become more efficient.
B)Our thirst mechanism does not work as efficiently so we may forget to drink fluids.
C)​Increased intake of water can lead to additional fluid in the lungs,causing pneumonia.
D)​In a person confined to bed,water retention can lead to pressure ulcers on the back.
E)​Dehydration is not very common because total body water increases with age.

Question 76

​How can adults who parent or counsel busy adolescents help them to eat well?

Question 77

Describe how chronic laxative use can lead to malnutrition.

Question 78

​Describe the link between antioxidants and cataracts.

Question 79

​Which statement about caffeine is true?

A)Large doses of caffeine have been shown to increase incidence of cancer.
B)Caffeine can reduce blood pressure.
C)​Men who drink coffee have a higher risk of developing gallbladder disease.
D)​Caffeine may slow down bone loss in women.
E)​Caffeinated beverages can contribute to daily fluid intakes.

Question 80

​An elderly widower is having difficulty preparing meals and eating by himself.What recommendation would you give him?

A)Share your meals and time with others by inviting friends to dinner. 
B)Eat often in restaurants because the meals are balanced nutritionally.
C)​Avoid mixed dishes because they may contain too many calories per serving.
D)​Purchase frozen dinners because they contain all the necessary food groups.
E)​Start using Meals on Wheels.