Deck 21: Nutrition Through the Life Cycle: Childhood and Adolescence

Question 1

Which of the following is a potential problem associated with a vegan diet for toddlers?

A)Calcium intake may be low due to reliance on only plant sources.
B)Protein intake may be too high.
C)Fiber intake may be lower than recommended.
D)Calories may exceed energy expenditure.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which type of milk should NOT be given to toddlers until at least age 2?

A)warmed milk
B)whole milk
C)reduced-fat or nonfat milk
D)milk with chocolate powder

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The transition from infancy to toddlerhood begins at what age?

A)6 months
B)1 year
C)2 years
D)3 years

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Consuming which nutrient at the same meal will enhance the absorption of iron?

A)vitamin A
B)zinc
C)folate
D)vitamin C

Question 5

A toddler will grow about 5.5 to 7.5 inches and gain an average of:

A)12 to 15 pounds.
B)9 to 11 pounds.
C)up to 17 pounds.
D)5 to 8 pounds.

Question 6

A rule of thumb regarding serving sizes for toddlers is:

A)toddlers should eat 1/3 of their total daily energy requirements at each meal.
B)the serving sizes listed on food labels are appropriate for toddlers.
C)serving sizes for toddlers and adolescents are the same;adolescents just get more servings.
D)one tablespoon of food for each year of age is a serving.

Question 7

Nicole is four years old.What serving size of steamed green beans is recommended for her?

A)2 tablespoons
B)3 tablespoons
C)4 tablespoons
D)6 tablespoons

Question 8

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that the intake of fruit juice be limited to ________ per day for children 1 to 6 years of age.

A)1 cup
B)4 to 6 oz
C)16 oz (two 8 oz glasses on separate occasions)
D)none

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE about fluid recommendations in toddlers?

A)Toddlers lose more fluid from evaporation than infants.
B)The kidneys of toddlers are less efficient,causing them to lose more fluid through urine.
C)Toddlers are more active and thus lose more fluid through sweat.
D)Toddlers will reliably drink when they are thirsty.

Question 10

The current recommendation for the intake of daily energy as fat for toddlers is:

A)less than 20%.
B)20-25%.
C)30-40%.
D)more than 40%.

Question 11

The total amount of energy needed per day for any given age is called ________.

A)EER
B)RDA
C)DRI
D)AI

Question 12

Which food is an example of a developmentally appropriate food for a toddler?

A)two small slices of cheese
B)hazel nuts
C)cherry tomatoes
D)carrots

Question 13

To better identify food allergens in toddlers it is recommended that:

A)new foods are presented in combination and then individual foods are eliminated to identify the allergen.
B)citrus fruits and melons should never be given to any toddler.
C)toddlers should not drink cows' milk.
D)new foods should be presented one at a time and the toddler monitored for allergic reactions for a week.

Question 14

The development of the ________ is particularly dependent on adequate consumption of fat during the toddler years.

A)digestive system
B)nervous system
C)skeletal system
D)urinary system

Question 15

The current RDA for protein for toddlers is:

A)0)8 g/kg body weight per day.
B)1 g/kg body weight per day.
C)1)1 g/kg body weight per day.
D)2)0 g/kg body weight per day.

Question 16

The current recommendation for the intake of daily energy as carbohydrate for toddlers is:

A)35-45%.
B)45-55%.
C)45-65%.
D)55-75%.

Question 17

The nutrients that have been identified as "priority nutrients" for children aged 2 to 4 years are calcium,vitamin D,and:

A)vitamin C.
B)iron.
C)folate.
D)vitamin E.

Question 18

Which of the following substances is commonly added to municipal water supplies to promote healthy teeth formation?

A)fluoride
B)sodium
C)vitamin D
D)zinc

Question 19

The most common nutrient deficiency in young children in the U.S.and around the world is inadequate ________ consumption.

A)calcium
B)iron
C)folate
D)zinc

Question 20

The preschool years are BEST characterized by:

A)increased percentage of Calories derived from fat.
B)swift and fluctuating growth rate.
C)increased physical coordination and dexterity.
D)increased dependence on adults.

Question 21

Until what age are the recommended nutrient values (DRIs)of young boys and girls the same?

A)3
B)5
C)9
D)puberty

Question 22

In girls,full body height is typically reached by:

A)the start of adolescence.
B)the end of adolescence.
C)the onset of menstruation.
D)about age 16.

Question 23

What percentage of public schools currently participate in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP)?

A)74%
B)99%
C)45%
D)65%

Question 24

The DRI for fat in adolescence is:

A)15g/kg body weight.
B)none.There is no DRI for fat at that stage.
C)1)2g/kg body weigh.
D)fractures.

Question 25

Growth acceleration in adolescence is primarily driven by:

A)increased physical activity.
B)increased Caloric intake.
C)hormonal changes.
D)sleep patterns.

Question 26

What is the term for the condition in which a family is not able to ensure a consistent,dependable supply of safe and nutritious food for its members?

A)food inhibited
B)food insecure
C)food challenged
D)food abandoned

Question 27

While the preschool and school-age years are a good time to transition away from full-fat to lower-fat dairy foods,a diet providing fewer than ________ of Calories from fat is NOT recommended for children.

A)40%
B)25%
C)15%
D)10%

Question 28

Which issue below plays the MOST important role in the food choices of school-aged children?

A)intellectual stimulation
B)parental guidance
C)sleep habits
D)body image

Question 29

From ages 4 through 8 the recommended nutrient values for children:

A)shift as the children develop.
B)increase.
C)remain the same as for toddlers.
D)decrease slightly.

Question 30

Which of the following is the BEST potential candidate for a multivitamin/mineral supplement?

A)a child who eats regular balanced meals
B)a child who has asthma
C)a child who is a picky eater
D)a child who frequently snacks

Question 31

Which of the following correctly describes "milk displacement"?

A)the self-weaning of an infant from breast milk
B)the surge in infant formula use in recent years
C)the avoidance of dairy products due to the fear of allergic reactions
D)the selection by children of low-nutrient beverages (such as soda)instead of milk

Question 32

Menarche is/are:

A)the skeletal growth plates in bones.
B)onset of menstruation.
C)another term for puberty.
D)a growth spurt.

Question 33

Total fat intake for school-age children should be brought close to that of adults,or about ________ of total energy.

A)10-20%
B)15-25%
C)25-35%
D)40-50%

Question 34

Among adolescents,smoking is MOST associated with:

A)increased participation in other risky behaviors.
B)increased appetite.
C)elevated mood.
D)increased nutrient intake.

Question 35

The cartilage located at the end of long bones that closes when bone growth ceases is called the ________ plate.

A)cortical
B)trabecular
C)ostoid
D)epiphyseal

Question 36

When is adolescence typically considered to begin?

A)at the start of high school
B)at age 12 for girls and age 15 for boys
C)at 12 years of age for boys and girls
D)at the onset of puberty

Question 37

On average,adolescents experience a ________ increase in height.

A)10-20%
B)20-25%
C)25-35%
D)35-45%

Question 38

What are dental caries?

A)juvenile teeth
B)cavities
C)spotting on tooth enamel
D)the space that is left following the natural loss of teeth in early childhood

Question 39

Maximizing bone density in adolescence will reduce the risk for:

A)lactose intolerance.
B)iron deficiency anemia.
C)osteoporosis.
D)spina bifida.

Question 40

Adolescent acne is PRIMARILY caused by:

A)eating chocolate.
B)eating too many high-sugar foods.
C)hormonal changes.
D)stress.

Question 41

Approximately what percentage of U.S.households with children can be classified as food insecure?

A)15%
B)21%
C)35%
D)40%

Question 42

For toddlers,it is recommended to replace water with fruit juices to increase energy intake.

Question 43

When bacteria in the mouth feed on carbohydrates deposited on the teeth the PRIMARY result is:

A)bad breath.
B)yellow teeth.
C)Dental caries.
D)sore throat.

Question 44

Approximately ________ of U.S.youths age 6 to 19 are obese.

A)5%
B)18%
C)25%
D)35%

Question 45

Offering a vegan diet to toddlers poses no significant risks.

Question 46

A four-year-old child would be classified as a toddler.

Question 47

Children should start having regular visits to the dentist at the age of ________.

A)seven
B)five
C)four
D)three

Question 48

Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common nutrient deficiency in young children.

Question 49

Toddlers require fewer kcal because their energy requirements are slightly less than that for infants.

Question 50

Key players in a successful strategy to combat obesity in U.S.children are:

A)the state and federal governments.
B)the school district and local sports organizations.
C)the school nurse and the principal.
D)the family and the school.

Question 51

The Institute of Medicine recommends that children participate in at least ________ minutes of physical activity and exercise each day.

A)30
B)45
C)60
D)120

Question 52

Children's weight or BMI is MOST closely related to:

A)their parents' weight or BMI.
B)their immediate peers' weight or BMI.
C)their siblings' weight or BMI.
D)their culture's average weight or BMI.

Question 53

The developmental phase MOST characterized by rapid physical growth,changes in body composition,greater body image self-consciousness,and increasing independence is:

A)adolescence.
B)toddlerhood.
C)pre-school.
D)school-age.

Question 54

Toddlers need small meals,interspersed with nutritious snacks:

A)twice a day.
B)every 5 to 6 hours.
C)every 2 to 3 hours.
D)three times a day.

Question 55

Obesity in children is defined as:

A)BMI ≥ 75th percentile.
B)BMI ≥ 85th percentile.
C)BMI ≥ 95th percentile.
D)BMI ≥ 100th percentile.

Question 56

Growth rates slow during the preschool years.

Question 57

The developmental phase MOST characterized by more willingness to vary the diet,greater ability to chew foods,greater physical coordination,and increased language fluency is:

A)toddlerhood.
B)pre-school.
C)adolescence.
D)school-age.

Question 58

Most U.S.children consume adequate amounts of fiber.

Question 59

The developmental phase MOST characterized by relatively slower physical growth,picky appetite,increasing activity,developing chewing skills,and choking dangers is:

A)pre-school.
B)toddlerhood.
C)adolescence.
D)school-age.

Question 60

The developmental phase MOST characterized by a slow and steady rate of physical growth,increasingly making their own food choices,and highly varied physical activity taken as a group is:

A)toddlerhood.
B)school-aged children.
C)pre-school.
D)adolescence.

Question 61

Boys can continue to gain height during early adulthood.

Question 62

Dietary fats are critical to the development of toddlers.

Question 63

Review in detail thefactors behind the increased incidence of childhood obesity over the past several decades.What,if any,are particular challenges for obesity risk at each of the developmental stages: toddlerhood,pre-school age,school-age,and adolescence?

Question 64

A prescription medication derived from vitamin C is often used to treat acne.

Question 65

Adolescents are at risk for the same chronic diseases as adults.

Question 66

Discuss the current macronutrient and micronutrient recommendations for toddlers.What are the pros and cons of administering nutritional supplements to toddlers,and who would be appropriate candidates for additional supplementation,if any?

Question 67

Describe typical eating habits in toddlers,and the challenges of dealing with ensuring toddlers get appropriate nutrition.Address strategies thatparents can employ to encourage healthy eating habits during this time.Do you have additional thoughts or ideas on how to keep toddlers well-nourished during this challenging period of life?

Question 68

School aged children should get no more than 40% of their total daily energy intake from carbohydrates.

Question 69

Preschool children have acquired all of their adult teeth.

Question 70

For most adolescents acne is caused by eating sugary or greasy foods,such as chocolate and pizza.

Question 71

Girls gain significantly more body fat through adolescence than do boys.

Question 72

If a toddler refuses to eat nutritious food,they should be compelled to do so in order to meet their energy needs.

Question 73

Limiting sugary sweets in preschool-age children's diets is not really important until their permanent teeth have come in.

Question 74

Make an argument for why,or why not,vegan diets are appropriate for very young children.Include as many aspects of the issue as possible and defend your answer.

Question 75

The clinical eating disorders that often start in adolescence occur almost exclusively in girls.

Question 76

The fluid needs of adolescents are lower than those of children.

Question 77

Overweight often begins in adolescence.

Question 78

What are the potential health risks associated with childhood obesity? In what ways do obesity risks in children differ from those for adults,and in what ways,if any,are they similar? Describe at least two strategies recommended for combating childhood obesity.

Question 79

Only adolescent girls experience a need for increased iron intake.

Question 80

Describethe immediate and long-term health risks associated with cigarette smoking,illicit drug use,and alcohol use in adolescence.In what ways do these issues intersect with adolescent nutritional needs?