Deck 22: Nutrition Through the Life Cycle: The Later Years

Question 1

Age-related changes in the release of appetite-regulating gut hormones may MOST contribute to a condition known as:

A)sarcopenic obesity.
B)achlorhydria.
C)anorexia of aging.
D)Parkinson's disease.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In 2010,people aged 65 and older made up about ________ of the U.S.population.

A)7%
B)13%
C)18%
D)27%

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The recommended fiber intake for older adults is lower than for younger adults because:

A)they are likely to develop diverticular disease.
B)their digestive tracts would be dramatically overwhelmed with higher fiber.
C)most cannot swallow reliably.
D)they consume fewer Calories/less energy.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following statements is MOST characteristic of body fat changes associated with aging?

A)Men gain a greater percentage of body fat than women.
B)Body fat increases peak at about age 75.
C)Body fat storage shifts from subcutaneous stores to visceral sites.
D)Lean body mass increases after age 65.

Question 5

Aging is often associated with xerostomia,a condition characterized by:

A)vision disturbances.
B)dry mouth and decreased salivary production.
C)decreased sense of smell.
D)problems chewing.

Question 6

Older adults should maintain their total fat intake to within ________ percent of total daily energy intake.

A)10 to 15
B)15 to 20
C)20 to 25
D)20 to 35

Question 7

The fastest growing U.S.population subgroup is ________.

A)adolescents
B)young adults
C)55 to 65 year olds
D)those 85 and older

Question 8

Most researchers agree that a human life span beyond ________ years is unlikely.

A)100 to 105
B)105 to 110
C)115 to 120
D)125 to 130

Question 9

Which micronutrients below are a CRITICAL priority for older adults?

A)vitamin A and magnesium
B)folate and fluoride
C)calcium and vitamin D
D)sodium and copper

Question 10

Which of the following U.S.elderly population groups is at the LOWEST risk for lactose intolerance?

A)Caucasian
B)African American
C)Hispanic
D)Asian

Question 11

The term used to describe the age-related processes that increase risk of disability,disease,and death is:

A)senescence.
B)pre-programmed aging.
C)theories of aging.
D)life span.

Question 12

Achlorhydria may lead to which of the following?

A)limited absorption of minerals
B)increased absorption of vitamins
C)faster digestion of fats
D)limited digestion of carbohydrates

Question 13

One's biologic age MOST reflects the influence of which of the factors below?

A)gender
B)genetics
C)sun exposure
D)ethnicity

Question 14

Aging may be linked to a progressive accumulation of free radicals.This theory is characterized as:

A)an error theory of aging.
B)a programmed theory of aging.
C)senescence.
D)a theory of life span.

Question 15

The benefits of a higher daily protein intake (above the normal DRI for all adults)for the elderly:

A)remain unclear.
B)are indisputable.
C)have been endorsed by major U.S.health organization.
D)are strongly disputed by most nutrition professionals.

Question 16

Smoking cigarettes increases one's ________ age.

A)chronologic
B)biologic
C)ionic
D)perceived

Question 17

Aging is often associated with dysphagia,which is the condition of:

A)slowing of the gastrointestinal tract.
B)difficulty swallowing foods.
C)abnormal taste perception.
D)decrease in muscle strength.

Question 18

The condition,common in many elderly adults,of experiencing abnormal taste perception when eating is called:

A)dysgeusia.
B)xerostomia.
C)dysphagia.
D)senescence.

Question 19

It is estimated that by the year 2020,the elderly will account for about what percent of the American population?

A)5%
B)10%
C)16%
D)30%

Question 20

Which U.S.ethnic group is growing at the fastest rate?

A)Native American
B)Hispanic American
C)African American
D)Asian American

Question 21

Which of the following is MOST true about multi-vitamin/multi-mineral supplements for older adults?

A)They do not and should not vary from those formulated for all adults.
B)Overall,they appear to supply older adults with far higher dosages than needed.
C)Overall,it appears such supplements accurately reflect the variances in nutrient values that apply to elderly people.
D)Overall,they appear to supply older adults with far lower dosages than is optimal.

Question 22

The MOST common cause of food insecurity and hunger among older adults is:

A)unavailability of quality food.
B)inability to cook.
C)poverty.
D)depression and withdrawal from life.

Question 23

Providing ice chips to ease a dry mouth in a terminally ill patient is an example of ________ medical care.

A)holistic
B)palliative
C)traditional
D)alternative

Question 24

Which factor below MOST increases the need for supplemental vitamin D?

A)sunscreen use
B)excessive sun exposure
C)drinking milk
D)calcium supplements

Question 25

The "dwindles",also known as ________,characterizes the complexity of age-related weight loss.

A)senescence
B)the nine "Ds"
C)geriatric failure-to-thrive
D)the longevity gene

Question 26

Iron needs in elderly women decrease due to reduced muscle mass and:

A)decreased sun exposure.
B)the cessation of menstruation.
C)the onset of dementia.
D)reduced vision capacity.

Question 27

The concurrent use of more than five medications is called:

A)polypharmacy.
B)drug abuse.
C)excessive application.
D)malabsorption.

Question 28

The common painkillers ibuprofen and acetaminophen should not be taken along with ________ due to increased risk for liver damage.

A)excess vitamin E
B)alcohol
C)sugary drinks
D)caffeine

Question 29

The most common form of dementia is ________.

A)Alzheimer's disease
B)Parkinson's disease
C)Crohn's disease
D)senescence

Question 30

Which of the factors listed below is the MOST likely source of constipation problems in elderly adults?

A)dementia
B)immobility
C)weight loss
D)weight gain

Question 31

The AI for fluids:

A)increases with age.
B)is the same for all adults regardless of age.
C)decreases with age.
D)fluctuates in the elderly as a consequence of shifting health status.

Question 32

Onset of osteoporosis in men usually happens later in life compared to women because:

A)men typically have lower peak bone density.
B)testosterone levels decline in their 70s and 80s.
C)men are more physically active than females.
D)men's biologic age increases more rapidly.

Question 33

Participation in ________ MOST improves the dietary quality and nutrient intakes of at-risk older adults.

A)social clubs
B)school and library outreach program
C)senior center activities
D)community services and nutrition assistance programs

Question 34

Several research studies have investigated the relationship between reduced energy intake and life span.This type of dietary approach is referred to as:

A)the Atkins diet.
B)the DASH diet.
C)low carbohydrate.
D)Caloric restriction (CR).

Question 35

Which item below is NOT one of the "nine Ds" of geriatric weight loss?

A)depression
B)delirium
C)dysgeusia
D)dysphagia

Question 36

The leading cause of blindness in the elderly in the United States is:

A)astigmatism.
B)type 2 diabetes.
C)age-related macular degeneration.
D)poor vitamin-C status.

Question 37

For which of the following nutrients does absorption increase with age?

A)iron
B)calcium
C)vitamin B₁₂
D)vitamin A

Question 38

Mortality rates are higher in adults who are:

A)underweight.
B)normal weight.
C)overweight.
D)dieting.

Question 39

Which nutritional profile below would be MOST recommended for an elderly adult with dental problems?

A)fresh or raw fruits and vegetables
B)moderate and soft higher-fat foods
C)a mix of softer and harder foods,high in carbohydrates
D)soft,protein-rich foods

Question 40

A disease of the joints called ________ typically strikes younger adults and people who are underweight.

A)osteoporosis
B)osteoarthritis
C)rheumatoid arthritis
D)Parkinson's disease

Question 41

Chronologic age can be greatly influenced by personal choices and decisions.

Question 42

It is recommended that older adults consume no more than 15% of total daily energy intake as sugars.

Question 43

The type of care in which no attempt is made to cure or treat the underlying condition,but instead focuses on minimizing patient discomfort and offering social and spiritual support is called:

A)triage.
B)palliative care.
C)home care.
D)intubation.

Question 44

"Aging gut" refers to:

A)hardening of the arteries.
B)increased difficulty with and impairment of digestion,urination,and defecation processes.
C)reduction in the biodiversity of gut microbiota and increase in pathogenic bacteria.
D)the onset of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Question 45

Older adults should generally avoid high-potency single-nutrient supplements.

Question 46

The age to which the longest-living member of the species has lived is called the:

A)life expectancy.
B)life span.
C)life time.
D)life-term.

Question 47

Overweight and obesity are not particularly important concerns for older adults.

Question 48

Some elderly adults,and those with Parkinson's disease,can experience dysphagia,which is:

A)a form of demetia.
B)difficulty urinating.
C)dry mouth due to decreased salivary production.
D)difficulty swallowing foods.

Question 49

Overall,the quality of life for older Americans is increasing.

Question 50

The gene that prolongs life span in certain laboratory animals is dubbed the ________ gene.

A)I'm Still Here
B)immortality
C)I'm Not Dead Yet
D)mystery

Question 51

Iron needs increase with aging.

Question 52

Geriatric failure-to-thrive is also sometimes referred to as:

A)senescence.
B)the dwindles.
C)dementia.
D)the nine Ds.

Question 53

The average U.S.life expectancy in 2010 was 83 years.

Question 54

The RDA for carbohydrates for older adults is 130g/day.

Question 55

Lack of adeqaute transportation,language barriers,mobility restrictions,and death of a spouse are all factors that can increase the risk for ________ in elderly adults.

A)social isolation
B)osteoarthritis
C)dementia
D)senescence

Question 56

A person over the age of 100 years is referred to as a(n):

A)nonagenarian.
B)septuagenarian.
C)octogenarian.
D)centenarian.

Question 57

Sunscreen use increases the need for vitamin D intake.

Question 58

Healthy elderly adults have higher energy needs.

Question 59

The primary risk factor for age-related skin discoloration and thinning is:

A)vitamin E status.
B)race/ethnicity.
C)sunlight exposure.
D)gender.

Question 60

Programmed theories of aging propose that:

A)aging follows a biologically driven time line.
B)aging occurs as a result of cell and tissue damage.
C)we still don't know exactly why humans age.
D)the aging process follows a random sequence of physiological events.

Question 61

James is a 76-year-old man who has chronic mouth pain due to poorly fitted dentures.His primary care physician has referred James to you to guide him in healthy eating habits.What nutrition advice would you give to James? Include other aspects that may be affected by his dental status.

Question 62

Dementia is an inevitable part of the aging process.

Question 63

Discuss the impact of overweight and obesity in the elderly.What interventions are recommended for this age group? What are the main areas of concern,and what are recommended treatments? Compare and contrast the concerns and ramifications for both underweight and overweight in the elderly.

Question 64

Assessing balance is one method to reduce the risk for fall-induced fractures and breaks.

Question 65

The very elderly,those 85 years and older,are the fastest growing age group.

Question 66

Mortality rates are higher in underweight elderly compared to overweight elderly.

Question 67

Describe the range of factors contributing to the increase in life expectancy over the past century.Be specific about how conditions for aging have improved,and in what ways,if any,they have declined.

Question 68

Both overweight and underweight are serious health concerns in the elderly.

Question 69

Only females experience loss of bone mass and/or bone mineral density in older age.

Question 70

Describe and list the "nine Ds" in geriatric health and explain their significance.

Question 71

Caretaking that denies healthful foods and adequate fluids to older adults is considered elder abuse.

Question 72

List and describe the key physiological changes that occur in older age,including lifestyle factors that affect aging.What are the key elements,and what is their relationship to nutrient intake?