Deck 10: Proteins: Crucial Components of All Body Tissues

Question 1

The specific function of a protein is determined by its:

A)sequence of amino acids.
B)length.
C)three-dimensional shape.
D)electric charge.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What dictates the structure of a protein molecule synthesized by the body?

A)the body's need for a protein
B)the DNA inside the nucleus of the cell
C)the number of essential amino acids available
D)the combination of proteins consumed in the diet

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids?

A)side chain
B)central carbon
C)amine group
D)acid group

Answer 3

A

Question 4

At the center of each amino acid is a single atom of:

A)oxygen.
B)carbon.
C)sulfur.
D)potassium.

Question 5

The essential components needed to build a complete amino acid molecule are:

A)carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen.
B)a pentose sugar,a phosphate group,and a nucleobase.
C)carbon,an amine group,and an acid group.
D)carbon,hydrogen,an amine group,an acid group,and a side chain.

Question 6

The process of transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another is called:

A)gene expression.
B)alteration.
C)deamination.
D)transamination.

Question 7

The sequential order of the amino acids is called the:

A)primary structure.
B)secondary structure.
C)tertiary structure.
D)quaternary structure.

Question 8

Which of the following amino acids is essential?

A)arginine
B)valine
C)glycine
D)alanine

Question 9

Unlike carbohydrates and lipids,proteins are composed of:

A)glucose molecules.
B)amino acids.
C)proteases.
D)phospholipids.

Question 10

The part of the protein molecule that carries nitrogen is the:

A)acid group.
B)amine group.
C)side chain.
D)hydrogen group.

Question 11

In what cellular organelle are proteins synthesized?

A)nucleus
B)ribosome
C)cell membrane
D)mitochondria

Question 12

Which of the following foods is a source of complete proteins?

A)broccoli
B)apple
C)tuna fish
D)whole-grain bread

Question 13

Milk curdles when lemon juice is added to it.The change that occurs in the protein is called:

A)denaturation.
B)translocation.
C)transcription.
D)deamination.

Question 14

Which of the following is a nucleotide base in DNA?

A)isoluciene
B)cytosine
C)valine
D)threonine

Question 15

The process of mRNA copying the genetic information from the DNA's base sequence is called:

A)transferring.
B)transamination.
C)translation.
D)transcription.

Question 16

Amino acids are joined together by which specific bond?

A)lipase
B)disulfide
C)hydrogen
D)peptide

Question 17

How many amino acids are considered to be essential?

A)none
B)five
C)nine
D)20

Question 18

The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein is called:

A)the protein-combining method.
B)amino-acid sequencing method.
C)mutual supplementation.
D)complementary supplementation.

Question 19

The amino acid that is missing or in the smallest supply is called the:

A)essential amino acid.
B)minor amino acid.
C)limiting amino acid.
D)incomplete amino acid.

Question 20

What element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat?

A)carbon
B)hydrogen
C)oxygen
D)nitrogen

Question 21

Maria is a reasonably healthy 19-year-old college student who is sedentary.She is 5' 8" tall and weighs 145 pounds.How many grams of protein would you recommend she consume each day?

A)45 grams
B)53 grams
C)65 grams
D)73 grams

Question 22

The specialized procedure that can identify whether a person's protein intake is adequate is called:

A)protein recycling.
B)ins and outs.
C)nitrogen balance.
D)amino acid balance.

Question 23

Which of the following health problems has been associated with high protein intakes?

A)elevated blood cholesterol
B)marasmus
C)edema
D)sickle cell anemia

Question 24

Which of the following is used to measure protein quality?

A)the amount of essential amino acids present and the protein efficiency ratio
B)the digestibility of the protein and the amount of essential amino acids
C)the protein-efficiency ratio and the digestibility of the protein
D)the protein chemical score and digestibility

Question 25

When the body experiences alkalosis,how do proteins help restore the acid-base balance?

A)Proteins speed the transfer of amine groups to new acid groups and side chains.
B)Proteins uncoil and lose their shape.
C)Proteins attract hydrogen ions and neutralize their effects.
D)Proteins release hydrogen into the blood.

Question 26

Protein digestion begins in the ________.

A)mouth
B)stomach
C)small intestine
D)pancreas

Question 27

A food that provides all nine essential amino acids is called a:

A)complementary protein.
B)mutually exclusive protein.
C)limiting protein.
D)complete protein.

Question 28

Which of the following provides incomplete protein?

A)egg whites
B)black beans
C)chicken
D)milk

Question 29

Jeffery is a strength athlete and a vegetarian.He weighs 205 lb and is 6' 2" tall.How much protein would you recommend he eat on a daily basis?

A)74.5 grams
B)0)8 g per kg body weight
C)at least 121 grams
D)185 grams

Question 30

Which of the following supplements would you MOST recommend a vegan add to his/her diet?

A)protein
B)fiber
C)vitamin B₁₂
D)vitamin C

Question 31

Proteases are:

A)protein messengers that are released from storage in response to an alteration in the body's homeostasis.
B)transport proteins that move substances throughout the body.
C)defense proteins that attack foreign bacteria,viruses,and toxins.
D)enzymes that break down protein.

Question 32

What causes the swollen belly associated with kwashiorkor?

A)a high-protein diet that causes fluid buildup
B)lack of protein to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
C)excess hydration
D)excess fat buildup in adipose tissue

Question 33

Which of the following proteins are fundamental to the immune system?

A)enzymes
B)antibodies
C)buffers
D)transport proteins

Question 34

To use proteins for energy,the liver removes amine groups from amino acids in a process called:

A)transamination.
B)deamination.
C)denaturation.
D)transport.

Question 35

The type of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by sufficient intake of Calories but a lack of protein in the diet is called:

A)marasmus.
B)sickle cell anemia.
C)cystic fibrosis.
D)kwashiorkor.

Question 36

Which of the following foods would contain the highest protein content?

A)cooked carrots
B)chicken
C)corn
D)whole-wheat bread

Question 37

Which of the following represents a positive nitrogen balance?

A)pregnancy
B)extended bed rest
C)severe weight loss
D)increased body fat

Question 38

The absorption of amino acids occurs in the:

A)stomach.
B)small intestine.
C)large intestine.
D)liver.

Question 39

Which hormone controls the production of hydrochloric acid and the release of pepsin?

A)pepsinogen
B)insulin
C)cholecystokinin (CCK)
D)gastrin

Question 40

Most enzymes are composed of:

A)carbohydrates.
B)fats.
C)proteins.
D)cholesterol.

Question 41

Amino acids from proteins are used to make epinephrine and norepinephrine,which serve as:

A)neurotransmitters.
B)enzymes.
C)triglycerides.
D)antibodies.

Question 42

Amino acids that cannot be manufactured by the body are characterized as:

A)transaminated.
B)transcribed.
C)nonessential.
D)essential.

Question 43

A food's chemical score gives an estimate of its protein quality based on the food's:

A)Calorie count compared to a reference food.
B)fat content compared to a reference food.
C)limiting amino acid compared to the same amino acids in a reference food.
D)proportion of carbohydrates to protein compared to a reference food.

Question 44

The specific sequence of amino acids that make up the individual proteins in your body is determined by:

A)the level of phospholipids in the blood.
B)the amount of blood glucose.
C)the pH balance of blood.
D)your unique genetic makeup.

Question 45

Which of the following is an inherited protein metabolism disorder characterized by a severe respiratory illness?

A)cystic fibrosis
B)mad cow disease
C)acidosis
D)kwashiorkor

Question 46

A protein is considered high quality if it is:

A)highly caloric.
B)easily digestible.
C)high in triglycerides.
D)high in carbohydrates.

Question 47

Which of the following is associated with marasmus?

A)distended abdomen
B)"skin and bones" appearance
C)enlarged,fatty liver
D)loss of hearing

Question 48

How does the shape of proteins in muscle fibers affect their function?

A)They are globular and can change shape to increase muscle mass.
B)They are long,allowing muscle fibers to contract and relax.
C)They are short,helping muscle fibers build up in response to weight-bearing exercise.
D)They are wide,giving muscle fibers great tensile strength.

Question 49

What characteristic of the proteins that form red blood cells allows them to change shape and flow freely through the blood?

A)spherical shape
B)globular shape
C)long,narrow shape
D)lack of quaternary structure

Question 50

Which type of protein helps the body maintain fluid and electrolyte balance?

A)antibodies
B)enzymes
C)transport proteins
D)glucagon

Question 51

The process in which the body makes new proteins and breaks down existing proteins is known as:

A)protein turnover.
B)protein expression.
C)denaturation.
D)phenylketonuria (PKU).

Question 52

What does the most recent evaluation of research studies suggest about the effect of a high-protein diet on bone loss?

A)High-protein diets cause bone loss in men and women.
B)High-protein diets cause osteoporosis in older women.
C)High-protein intake,with adequate calcium intake,does not cause bone loss.
D)High-protein diets that are also high in calcium cause bone loss in children.

Question 53

The genetic disorder caused by a single amino acid error in hemoglobin is called:

A)phenylketonuria (PKU).
B)cystic fibrosis.
C)sickle cell anemia.
D)marasmus.

Question 54

A condition called ________ results when the blood becomes too acidic due to the accumulation of hydrogen.

A)marasmus
B)kwashiorkor
C)alkalosis
D)acidosis

Question 55

Which of the following grains is a complete protein?

A)white rice
B)wheat
C)corn
D)quinoa

Question 56

Which of the following individuals would MOST benefit from a lower-protein diet (15% to 20% of total energy intake)?

A)strength athletes
B)endurance athletes
C)diabetic individuals
D)pregnant women

Question 57

The traditional Cajun dish of red beans and rice and the Mexican duo of pinto beans and rice provide complete proteins in one meal and are good examples of:

A)complementary proteins.
B)limiting proteins.
C)denatured proteins.
D)transaminated proteins.

Question 58

The type of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by a general lack of protein,energy,and nutrients in the diet is called:

A)marasmus.
B)sickle cell anemia.
C)cystic fibrosis.
D)kwashiorkor.

Question 59

Ferritin found in the liver is an example of a(n):

A)transport protein.
B)storage protein.
C)neurotransmitter.
D)enzyme.

Question 60

Researchers have studied athletes who consumed a high-protein diet to determine if high protein intake damages the kidneys.Based on a review of these studies,what recommendation can be MOST inferred regarding protein intake for healthy adults?

A)Daily protein intake of no more than 2 g per kg body weight is safe.
B)Daily protein intake of up to 4 g per kg body weight is safe.
C)To avoid kidney damage,do not exceed the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)for protein.
D)To avoid kidney damage,keep daily protein intake below 0.5 g per kg body weight.

Question 61

Hydrochloric acid converts the inactive pepsinogen into its active form pepsin.

Question 62

For someone with phenylketonuria (PKU),the nonessential amino acid tyrosine becomes an essential amino acid.

Question 63

Protein molecules contain the element nitrogen.

Question 64

Complete proteins are found primarily in vegetable sources.

Question 65

Denaturation results in the loss of the protein's function.

Question 66

Pregnancy is an example of negative nitrogen balance.

Question 67

Milk,cheese,and other dairy products are rich in protein.

Question 68

Strength athletes have increased protein needs as compared with sedentary individuals.

Question 69

Essential amino acids are more important to the human body than nonessential amino acids.

Question 70

Denaturation destroys the primary structure of proteins.

Question 71

Strength athletes cannot get adequate amounts of protein from diet alone.

Question 72

Donation of the amine group from one amino acid to make another amino acid is called transamination.

Question 73

Protein digestion begins in the mouth by the enzyme amylase.

Question 74

In adequately nourished individuals,protein contributes minimally to energy needs.

Question 75

Soy is the most complete plant source of protein.

Question 76

Endurance athletes have increased protein needs as compared with sedentary individuals.

Question 77

Alkalosis is a condition in which the pH of the blood becomes too acidic.

Question 78

Most Americans consume sufficient or excess amounts of dietary protein.

Question 79

Diets high in protein are associated with low blood cholesterol levels.

Question 80

Proteins are assembled by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.