Deck 12: Nutrients Involved in Energy Metabolism

Question 1

Which of the following is a mineral involved in energy metabolism?

A)sulfur
B)pyridoxal
C)thiamin
D)pantothenic acid

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the B-vitamins primarily functions in cell regeneration and the synthesis of red blood cells?

A)pantothenic acid
B)folate
C)riboflavin
D)niacin

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The first B-vitamin discovered was:

A)niacin.
B)thiamin.
C)folate.
D)vitamin B₁₂.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following vitamins is involved in breaking glucose down into a smaller molecule that can be taken up by the TCA cycle?

A)riboflavin
B)thiamin
C)ascorbic acid
D)valine

Question 5

Which of the following is a vitamin-like substance involved in energy metabolism?

A)folate
B)iodine
C)choline
D)riboflavin

Question 6

Riboflavin assists with antioxidant function through its role as a coenzyme for which enzyme?

A)glutathione peroxidase
B)alpha keto glutarate dehydrogenase
C)succinate
D)hexokinase

Question 7

Alcohol-related thiamin deficiency is called:

A)Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
B)alcohol hypothiaminosis.
C)beriberi.
D)pellagra.

Question 8

Approximately one third of riboflavin is supplied in the American diet by:

A)meat.
B)milk and milk products.
C)fruit.
D)eggs.

Question 9

The coenzyme TPP plays a critical role in the breakdown of glucose for energy.Which water-soluble vitamin is part of the TPP complex?

A)thiamin
B)biotin
C)riboflavin
D)niacin

Question 10

A deficiency of riboflavin is referred to as:

A)riboflavinitis.
B)hyporiboflavin.
C)ariboflavinosis.
D)primary riboflavin insufficiency.

Question 11

Who is at the greatest risk of experiencing poor thiamin status?

A)children
B)adolescents
C)women
D)the elderly

Question 12

The RDA for riboflavin for adults aged 19 years and older is 1.3 mg/day for men and:

A)6 mg/day for women.
B)2)5 mg/day for women.
C))5 mg/day for women.
D)1)1 mg/day for women.

Question 13

Low intakes of vitamin B₆,folate,and vitamin B₁₂ are linked to:

A)reduction in antibody levels.
B)high blood levels of heme iron.
C)low blood levels of homocysteine.
D)high blood levels of homocysteine.

Question 14

Which of the following is the BEST source of thiamin?

A)citrus fruits
B)green,leafy vegetables
C)milk
D)whole grains

Question 15

The B-vitamin involved in oxidation-reduction reactions is:

A)vitamin B₁₂.
B)riboflavin.
C)thiamin.
D)folate.

Question 16

Chromium assists in ________ uptake.

A)calcium
B)sodium
C)potassium
D)glucose

Question 17

Which of the following describes the main symptom(s)of beriberi?

A)dermatitis
B)muscle wasting and nerve damage
C)hemorrhaging
D)blindness

Question 18

The vitamin thiamin is composed of a thiazole and a(n)________ group.

A)amine
B)sulfur
C)oxygen
D)phosphate

Question 19

Which B-vitamin is needed for protein synthesis?

A)thiamin
B)riboflavin
C)vitamin B₆
D)choline

Question 20

The primary role of most of the B-vitamins is to:

A)directly provide the body with energy.
B)act as coenzymes.
C)maintain and repair body tissues.
D)maintain acid-base balance.

Question 21

The major dietary source of iodine is:

A)saltwater fish.
B)fruits and vegetables.
C)dairy products.
D)iodized salt.

Question 22

Vitamin B₆ is a coenzyme for PLP,which plays a role in the process of making nonessential amino acids.This process is called:

A)glycolysis.
B)transamination.
C)lipolysis.
D)proteolysis.

Question 23

Which of the following B-vitamins is involved in the metabolism of fatty acids?

A)vitamin B₆
B)vitamin B₁₂
C)folate
D)pantothenic acid

Question 24

The chemical name for vitamin B₆ is:

A)pantothenic acid.
B)pyridoxine.
C)folate.
D)niacin.

Question 25

The chronic overconsumption of ________ can result in a biotin deficiency.

A)herbal tea
B)raw egg whites
C)natural licorice
D)grapefruit juice

Question 26

Hyperthyroidism is most commonly caused by the autoimmune disease called:

A)Graves' disease.
B)pellagra.
C)beriberi.
D)cretinism.

Question 27

Which of the following is integral in the neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement and memory?

A)biotin
B)choline
C)niacin
D)pyridoxal

Question 28

Which of the following conditions are vitamin B₆ supplements used to treat?

A)high cholesterol
B)hypertension
C)baldness
D)premenstrual syndrome

Question 29

What percentage of dietary vitamin B₆ comes from animal sources in a typical American diet?

A)20%
B)40%
C)50%
D)60%

Question 30

Jackie eats a banana,tuna fish sandwich,dry granola,and a slice of cheese.Which of these foods has the highest amount of available niacin?

A)tuna fish
B)granola
C)cheese
D)banana

Question 31

Which of the following is a component of fat-emulsifying bile?

A)pantothenic acid
B)biotin
C)choline
D)riboflavin

Question 32

Eating too much of which compound below may lead to a fishy body odor?

A)ascorbic acid
B)niacin
C)acetyl CoA
D)choline

Question 33

Iodine is essential for the synthesis of ________ hormones.

A)estrogen
B)growth
C)thyroid
D)androgen

Question 34

Pellagra is a disease caused by a deficiency of:

A)folate.
B)niacin.
C)thiamin.
D)riboflavin.

Question 35

Which B-vitamin metabolizes into a coenzyme involved in ketone metabolism?

A)thiamin
B)pantothenic acid
C)riboflavin
D)niacin

Question 36

What is the primary symptom of niacin toxicity?

A)dizziness
B)diarrhea
C)fatigue
D)flushing

Question 37

Which B-vitamin is a component of the carboxylase enzymes involved in the TCA cycle?

A)biotin
B)thiamin
C)niacin
D)riboflavin

Question 38

Which dietary source of niacin has the highest availability for absorption?

A)cereal grains
B)meat
C)enriched bread products
D)ready-to-eat cereals

Question 39

Which vitamin can be made from the amino acid tryptophan?

A)niacin
B)ascorbic acid
C)phenylalanine
D)cobalamin

Question 40

Nicotinamide and nicotinic acid are two forms of:

A)niacin.
B)cigarette smoke.
C)folate.
D)riboflavin.

Question 41

Some athletes take supplements of the mineral ________ in an effort to gain lean body mass and reduce body fat.

A)chromium
B)iodine
C)iron
D)choline

Question 42

Iodine deficiency can cause low blood levels of thyroid hormone.This condition is known as:

A)hyperthyroidism.
B)hypothyroidism.
C)Graves' disease.
D)pellagra.

Question 43

Which B-vitamin is part of the coenzymes FAD and FMN that aid in breaking down glucose and fatty acids?

A)thiamin
B)riboflavin
C)niacin
D)folate

Question 44

The "three Ds"-dermatitis,diarrhea,and dementia-are symptoms of the advanced progression of which deficiency disease?

A)beriberi
B)pellagra
C)hypothyroidism
D)hyperthyroidism

Question 45

Which major mineral is a component of thiamin and biotin?

A)iodine
B)chromium
C)manganese
D)sulfur

Question 46

A(n)________ is an organic molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it.

A)mineral
B)coenzyme
C)choline
D)antagonist

Question 47

Which of the following is a trace mineral that enhances the ability of insulin to transport glucose into the body's cells?

A)iodine
B)choline
C)iron
D)chromium

Question 48

When you exercise,your body uses glycogen to maintain blood glucose levels.Which vitamin acts as a coenzyme during this process?

A)folate
B)vitamin B₁₂
C)vitamin B₆
D)biotin

Question 49

Prolonged excessive niacin intake can cause:

A)dementia.
B)dermatitis.
C)pellagra.
D)liver damage.

Question 50

Which diet listed below is low in B-vitamins?

A)a diet high in unenriched,processed foods
B)vegan diet
C)Asian diet
D)a diet high in raw fruits and vegetables

Question 51

A deficiency of ________ leads to the development of beriberi.

A)vitamin B₆
B)riboflavin
C)niacin
D)thiamin

Question 52

Eric plays soccer and runs track.He relies on sports gels,candy,and soda for quick energy boosts after his games and track meets.Based on his activity level and snack preferences,he has an increased risk for:

A)B-vitamin deficiency.
B)blurred vision and dermatitis.
C)cancer.
D)allergies.

Question 53

Chronic deficiency of ________ can impair heme synthesis and lead to the formation of small red blood cells with inadequate hemoglobin.

A)niacin
B)thiamin
C)vitamin B₁₂
D)vitamin B₆

Question 54

Sandy has just been diagnosed with atrophic gastritis.Which vitamin is her doctor MOST likely to suggest she receive in supplement form?

A)niacin
B)thiamin
C)riboflavin
D)vitamin B₁₂

Question 55

Consuming excessive amounts of vitamin B₆ in supplement form has been associated with:

A)sensory neuropathy and lesions.
B)breast cancer.
C)reddened flushing of the skin.
D)liver damage and glucose intolerance.

Question 56

Which of the foods below has the highest amount of B-vitamins?

A)white bread rolls
B)polished rice
C)whole wheat bread
D)cheese

Question 57

Which ailment below is a type of mental retardation caused by insufficient iodine during fetal development?

A)goiter
B)pellagra
C)cretinism
D)Graves' disease

Question 58

Pregnant women who do not consume enough iodine have an increased risk for:

A)gestational diabetes.
B)edema.
C)dermatitis.
D)spontaneous abortion and stillbirth.

Question 59

Which trace mineral is a cofactor involved in the formation of urea?

A)calcium
B)iodine
C)manganese
D)sodium

Question 60

A deficiency of which of the following vitamins increases the risk for cardiovascular disease?

A)niacin
B)thiamin
C)vitamin B₆
D)riboflavin

Question 61

Consuming a large amount of raw egg whites can lead to a niacin deficiency.

Question 62

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is an alcohol-related riboflavin deficiency.

Question 63

Most Americans do not consume enough thiamin.

Question 64

Riboflavin is destroyed when it is exposed to light.

Question 65

Thiamin was the first B-vitamin discovered.

Question 66

A deficiency in thiamin,riboflavin,and vitamin B₆ decreases the body's ability to perform physical activity.

Question 67

Water-soluble B-vitamins are stored in the body.

Question 68

It is difficult for people to consume adequate amounts of B-vitamins without taking a multivitamin each day.

Question 69

Processed foods provide a high amount of thiamin.

Question 70

Choline is synthesized by the body.

Question 71

The body is able to generate energy from macronutrients without B-vitamins.

Question 72

Consuming both inadequate amounts of iodine and excessive amounts can cause a goiter to form.

Question 73

Riboflavin is a part of the oxidation-reduction coenzyme NAD.

Question 74

Thiamin is essential to carbohydrate metabolism.

Question 75

Since it is a water-soluble vitamin,vitamin B₁₂ cannot be stored by the liver.

Question 76

Excessive fat accumulation in the liver and ultimately liver damage can result from inadequate intake of:

A)choline.
B)chromium.
C)thiamin.
D)sulfur.

Question 77

Branched-chain amino acids make up approximately 25% of the average protein content of muscle tissue.

Question 78

B-vitamins are good energy sources for the body.

Question 79

The body does not easily absorb the folate in folic acid supplements.

Question 80

Few foods naturally contain iodine.