Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the habitats of Achromobacter,Alcaligenes,and Bordetella?&#10;A)The habitats are limited to the upper respiratory tract of various mammals.&#10;B)The habitats vary from the soil and water environment to the upper respiratory tract of various mammals.&#10;C)The habitats are limited to the soil and water environment.&#10;D)The habitats are limited to the mucous membranes of humans and animals.

Accepted Answer

The diversity of the organisms' habitats is reflected in the various ways they are transmitted.For example,transmission of environmental isolates such as A.denitrificans frequently involves exposure of patients who are debilitated to contaminated fluids or medical solutions.In contrast,B.bronchiseptica transmission primarily occurs by close contact with animals,whereas Bordetella holmesii has been detected only in human blood,and no niche or mode of transmission is known.The habitats of the species listed vary from the soil and water environments to the upper respiratory tract of various mammals.

Question 2

The mode of transmission of A.denitrificans can best be described as:&#10;A)person-to-person contact.&#10;B)exposure to contaminated water.&#10;C)contaminated fluids or medical solutions.&#10;D)close contact with animals.

Accepted Answer

The diversity of the habitats of the organisms in Chapter 24 is reflected in the various ways they are transmitted.Transmission of environmental isolates such as B.bronchiseptica frequently involves exposure of patients who are debilitated primarily by close contact with animals.In contrast,the transmission of A.denitrificans primarily occurs by close contact with contaminated fluids or medical solutions.

Question 3

Quality control is set up to determine the validity of cetrimide agar.Which two organisms should be used?&#10;A)B.bronchiseptica and Cupriavidus pauculus&#10;B)A.denitrificans and Alcaligenes faecalis&#10;C)Achromobacter piechaudii and B.bronchiseptica&#10;D)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Alcaligenes-like group 1 and C.pauculus

Accepted Answer

Only A.piechaudii and B.bronchiseptica,both positive and negative for growth on cetrimide agar,respectively,should be used for quality control purposes.

Question 4

The mode of transmission of Bordetella bronchiseptica can best be described as:&#10;A)person-to-person contact.&#10;B)exposure to contaminated water.&#10;C)inhalation of contaminated air.&#10;D)close contact with animals.

Accepted Answer

The diversity of the habitats of the organisms in Chapter 24 is reflected in the various ways they are transmitted.Transmission of environmental isolates such as Achromobacter denitrificans frequently involves exposure of patients who are debilitated to contaminated fluids or medical solutions.In contrast,B.bronchiseptica transmission primarily occurs by close contact with animals.

Question 5

Achromobacter,Alcaligenes,and Bordetella are all:&#10;A)urea positive.&#10;B)oxidase negative.&#10;C)nonglucose utilizers.&#10;D)lactose fermenters.

Accepted Answer

The genera discussed in this chapter are considered together because most of them are usually MacConkey positive,oxidase positive,and nonglucose utilizers.They are a diverse group of organisms whose specific morphologic and physiologic features are presented later in this chapter in the discussion on laboratory diagnosis.

Question 6

The organism most frequently associated with various infections in humans is:&#10;A)Bordetella.&#10;B)Oligella.&#10;C)Achromobacter.&#10;D)Roseomonas.

Accepted Answer

Among the organisms listed,Achromobacter is the organism most frequently associated with various infections.This organism has also been implicated in outbreaks of nosocomial infections.Other organisms,such as Oligella urethralis,Oligella ureolytica,and Roseomonas spp. ,whose reservoirs are unknown,are rarely implicated in human infections,and are likely to be of low virulence.

Question 7

Gram-stain morphologic features,motility,and flagellar placement are important identifying characteristics of:&#10;A)Chryseobacterium.&#10;B)Flavobacterium.&#10;C)Pseudomonas.&#10;D)Bordetella.

Accepted Answer

The ability of most commercial identification systems to identify accurately the organisms discussed in this chapter is limited or uncertain.Therefore the strategies for identifying these genera are based on the use of conventional biochemical tests and special staining for flagella.Organisms are first divided on the basis of Gram-stain morphologic features,that is,their coccoid or rod shape.They are then further divided on the basis of whether the organisms are nonmotile,peritrichously flagellated,or flagellated by polar tufts.

Question 8

The biochemical description of Myroides is:&#10;A)oxidase positive,motile,and rapid urease positive.&#10;B)urease positive and has a fruity odor.&#10;C)resistant to vancomycin and will grow on MacConkey agar at 42&#176;C.&#10;D)nonmotile and both urea positive and phenylalanine deaminase positive.

Accepted Answer

Urea hydrolysis is a key test for Myroides spp. ,which is also distinguished by production of a characteristic fruity odor.

Question 9

The biochemical description of B.bronchiseptica is:&#10;A)oxidase positive,motile,and rapid urease positive.&#10;B)indole positive,nonmotile,and has a fruity odor.&#10;C)resistant to vancomycin and will grow on MacConkey agar at 42&#176;C.&#10;D)nonmotile and both urea positive and phenylalanine deaminase positive.

Accepted Answer

B.bronchiseptica is oxidase positive,motile,and rapid urease positive,sometimes in as little as 4 hours.

Question 10

Pertussis (whooping cough),an epidemic disease,is a highly contagious,acute infection of the upper respiratory tract caused by the _________ species.&#10;A)Brucella&#10;B)Bordetella&#10;C)Pasteurella&#10;D)Francisella

Accepted Answer

Pertussis is a highly contagious,acute infection of the upper respiratory tract caused primarily by Bordetella pertussis and less commonly by Bordetella parapertussis.

Deck 23: Alcaligenes, Bordetella Nonpertussis, Comamonas, and Similar Organisms