Deck 7: Morality

Question 1

The acculturation strategy that predicts the most favorable outcomes is

A) integration.
B) assimilation.
C) separation.
D) marginalization.
E) blending.

Answer 1

integration.

Question 2

Mia loves visiting foreign countries and travels every chance she gets, usually staying for up to a month in each country."I don't think I will ever get tired of traveling," she says."Every single culture I've experienced has been so amazing and exciting!" According to the acculturation curve, which stage has Mia experienced?

A) honeymoon stage
B) sojourner stage
C) culture shock
D) crisis stage
E) adjustment stage

Answer 2

honeymoon stage

Question 3

Research on stereotyped portrayals of Native Americans, such as Chief Wahoo of the Cleveland Indians and Disney's Pocahontas, shows that Native Americans

A) express higher self-esteem and pride in their community after viewing these images since they are positive portrayals of their group.
B) report a stronger mainstream American identity after viewing these images.
C) achieve higher grades in school after viewing these images.
D) appear to experience stereotype threat after viewing these images.
E) dislike stereotyped portrayals of any group after viewing these images.

Answer 3

appear to experience stereotype threat after viewing these images.

Question 4

Which of the following is reliably associated with reduced acculturative stress?

A) extraversion
B) an interdependent view of self
C) an independent view of self
D) conscientiousness
E) cultural fit

Question 5

When will you NOT see an adjustment phase after experiencing culture shock?

A) when the person endorses an integration acculturation strategy
B) when the person endorses an assimilation acculturation strategy
C) when the person is introverted
D) when the person moves to a homogenous society
E) when the person has an interdependent self-construal

Question 6

The First Nations tribe that has been most successful (of the ones studied) at adjusting to mainstream Canadian settler traditions has been the

A) Eastern Cree.
B) Tsimshian.
C) Carrier.
D) Haida.
E) Mohawk.

Question 7

Varun is a Fijian immigrant to Canada.Over time, he realized he was not really participating in Canadian culture, but he did seem to have a connection with his Fijian roots.Which of the following best describes Varun?

A) L-shaped curve
B) adjustment
C) separation strategy
D) marginalization strategy
E) culture shock

Question 8

What is the key difference between an integration and an assimilation acculturation strategy?

A) The integration strategy has more negative attitudes toward the heritage culture than the assimilation strategy.
B) The integration strategy has more positive attitudes toward the heritage culture than the assimilation strategy.
C) The integration strategy has more negative attitudes toward the host culture than the assimilation strategy.
D) The integration strategy has more positive attitudes toward the host culture than the assimilation strategy.
E) The integration strategy incorporates attitudes toward the heritage culture, while the assimilation strategy incorporates attitudes toward the host culture.

Question 9

Which stage distinguishes the U-shaped from the L-shaped acculturation curve?

A) honeymoon stage
B) sojourner stage
C) culture shock
D) crisis stage
E) adjustment stage

Question 10

How does cultural distance differ from cultural fit?

A) Cultural fit refers to culture-culture matching of variables, whereas cultural distance refers to person-culture matching of variables.
B) Cultural distance refers to culture-culture matching of variables, whereas cultural fit refers to person-culture matching of variables.
C) Cultural fit refers to cultures that endorse an assimilative acculturation strategy.
D) Cultural distance refers to cultures that endorse a separation acculturation strategy.
E) The two are different ways of communicating the same concept.

Question 11

Hannah is a bicultural who sees her cultural identities as compatible with each other, and Gianna is a bicultural who sees her cultural identities as being in opposition to each other.Which of these two people can researchers study using a measure of the degree of bicultural identity integration?

A) only Hannah
B) only Gianna
C) both
D) neither
E) both, as long as the research is conducted in East Asia

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a reason why acculturation is challenging to study?

A) Longitudinal studies following people before, during, and after they acculturate are rare due to cost and difficulty.
B) Individuals move to new places for vastly different reasons.
C) Some individuals move to places that are more homogenous, and others move to places that are very diverse.
D) Individuals move to new places that vary in terms of similarity to the individual's heritage culture.
E) Most places where psychological research is conducted are becoming less diverse, making it difficult to find people who have acculturated.

Question 13

Your friend Pedram is planning to immigrate somewhere and wants to go to a place where he will have the best chance of adjusting to the new culture.Which of the following should you recommend as being the best place for him?

A) a society that is homogenous
B) a society that espouses values that match Pedram's personality
C) a society in which he will be a visible minority
D) a society that encourages people to code-switch
E) a society in which he will be a nonvisible minority

Question 14

Which of the following migrants is most likely to pursue separation or marginalization acculturation strategies?

A) Wesley, who comes from a high socioeconomic status
B) Hannah, who has not experienced any prejudice from the host culture toward her own heritage cultural group
C) Bjorn, who looks physically similar to the majority in the host culture
D) Trang, who looks physically distinct from the majority in the host culture
E) Mia, who looks physically mixed, or a blend between the majority in the host culture and her heritage culture

Question 15

Idra, a European university student, has moved to another country indefinitely to start a new career.He is currently experiencing anxiety, helplessness, and homesickness.Based on research on acculturation curves, what do you expect to happen with Idra next?

A) He will maintain these feelings if the host culture is homogenous.
B) He will maintain these feelings if the host culture is extraverted.
C) He will bounce back and adjust to the new culture if the host culture is homogenous.
D) He will bounce back and adjust to the new culture if the host culture is extraverted.
E) The answer cannot be determined from the information given.

Question 16

Imagine that Georgi moved to Canada from Bulgaria about a year ago.We might expect that he

A) is having a more difficult time acculturating than his neighbor, who moved from a small tribe along the Amazon.
B) is adjusting to Canadian life and is fully integrated into the community.
C) is having the time of his life and is reveling in his new and exotic home.
D) is struggling, as he feels a bit homesick and has not yet made many Canadian friends.
E) has already picked up curling as his favorite sport.

Question 17

The Kingdom of Zorblax is about to colonize aboriginal tribes living on a foreign continent.The culture of Zorblax is characterized by a system in which people live on collective farms and take what they need from those farms.Which of the following foreign aboriginal tribes will experience the LEAST amount of acculturative stress under the Kingdom of Zorblax?

A) the Ngouma, a coastal tribe that is accustomed to fishing for food
B) the Divan, a tribe that lives in the forest and subsists on hunting large animals
C) the Remala, a tribe that primarily gathers wild fruit
D) the Moche, a tribe that is very individualistic
E) the Poranga, a tribe that heavily engages in communal sharing

Question 18

Miley is an extremely extraverted person who is very outgoing and is constantly seeking excitement.She thinks that her extraversion will make her well-suited for adjusting to any culture to which she goes.Based on research, is her rationale true or false?

A) False: Miley's extraversion actually annoys people, hindering her acculturation.
B) True: Miley's extraversion will allow her to make more friends, aiding her acculturation.
C) False: There is no correlation between extraversion and adjustment to any type of host culture.
D) True: Miley's extraversion aids acculturation by promoting bicultural identity integration.
E) False: Miley's extraversion will only be useful in host cultures that generally endorse being extraverted.

Question 19

Given the current research on personality and acculturation, you can predict that

A) Jaedong, who is introverted, will acculturate more successfully than his friend Sehoon, who is extraverted.
B) Jaedong, who is extraverted, will acculturate more successfully than his friend Sehoon, who is introverted.
C) Jaedong, who is extraverted, will proceed through a more severe period of culture shock on the acculturation curve compared with his friend Sehoon, who is introverted.
D) Jaedong, who is introverted, will fare worse early on in the acculturation process, whereas his friend Sehoon, who is extraverted, will fare worse over the long run.
E) Jaedong, who is introverted, will acculturate more successfully in an introverted country than Sehoon, who is extraverted.

Question 20

Which of the following people is most likely to experience an L-shaped acculturation curve?

A) Crystal-Joy, who has moved to a culturally homogeneous society
B) Lydia, who has an interdependent self-concept, while people in the host culture have an independent self-concept
C) Magda, who is feeling a lot of cultural distance between her heritage culture and the host culture
D) Timothy, who identifies with his heritage culture but not his host culture
E) Noriko, who habitually engages in frame-switching

Question 21

Given the current research on acculturation and health, which of the following would you expect?

A) Jessica acculturated more quickly than Jasmine to the host culture, which means Jessica will likely live longer.
B) How much acculturative stress Maggie experiences is unrelated to her overall health.
C) Candice has acculturated to a host culture with a poor diet, which means that she may develop unhealthy habits that lead to adverse health outcomes.
D) John has decided to completely take on the host culture while ignoring his heritage culture, which means he will have the most positive health outcome.
E) The more friends Harold has, the more acculturated he will be and the better his health will be.

Question 22

Your friend Basdeo would like to become more creative.Which of the following would you recommend to him?

A) observe another culture from an outsider's perspective
B) be more extraverted
C) adopt an L-shaped acculturation curve
D) visit a culture that is culturally distant from his current culture
E) experience another culture firsthand and adapt to their way of life

Question 23

Ryosuke, a Japanese Canadian born in Vancouver, Canada, is high on bicultural identity integration.This means that, due to his high bicultural identity integration, he

A) is able to quickly switch between his Japanese frame and his Canadian frame.
B) will engage in an assimilationist acculturation strategy.
C) will experience a U-shaped curve.
D) will not experience stereotype threat.
E) demonstrates a lot of blending in his responses on psychological tests.

Question 24

Who of the following is the most likely to engage in frame-switching?

A) Thomas, a monocultural European Canadian
B) Remy, a bicultural with high acculturative stress
C) Leo, a bicultural with low acculturative stress
D) Rie, a bicultural Japanese Canadian who is high in bicultural identity integration
E) Hiroko, a bicultural Japanese Canadian who is low in bicultural identity integration

Question 25

Among people who immigrate before they are adults, self-esteem is related to acculturation in that

A) the more acculturated an individual is, the higher his or her self-esteem.
B) people with high self-esteem tend to acculturate more quickly than people with low self-esteem.
C) people's self-esteem comes to approximate the self-esteem norms in the host culture as they acculturate.
D) separation attitudes are associated with the highest self-esteem.
E) greater self-esteem hinders one's ability to acculturate to the host culture.

Question 26

Your friend immigrated more than a decade ago.While you are walking around town with him, he suddenly encounters a store that reminds him of his heritage culture.Which of the following is likeliest to result from that?

A) Your friend will, at that moment, choose to develop more of a separation acculturation strategy.
B) Your friend is more likely to think in ways consistent with his heritage culture, at least temporarily.
C) Your friend will be prevented from entering the adjustment phase of acculturation, if he had not entered it already.
D) Your friend will experience heightened acculturative stress.
E) Your friend will temporarily feel like he was less acculturated than he had ever been.

Question 27

Quang Giáp is from a society where people tend to attribute the behaviors of others as to external pressures.After living in the United States for many years, however, Quang Giáp often finds himself increasingly attributing the behaviors of others as being the result of internal factors.However, he still does not make internal attributions as often as most Americans do.What is this an example of?

A) cultural fit
B) blending
C) marginalization
D) frame-switching
E) cultural distance

Question 28

Which of the following is the strongest evidence for frame-switching rather than blending?

A) Native Indonesian speakers who move to English-speaking countries typically end up speaking a new "Englonesian" language.
B) Bilinguals tend to switch between their two languages depending on the context.
C) African American college students use the "code of the decent" when writing a graduate speech whether the speech is directed toward African American graduates or not.
D) Japanese students switch to higher self-esteem levels after living in Canada for 7 months.
E) Hong Kong Chinese students shown Chinese (versus neutral) primes believe that a fish's behavior is influenced more by the group.

Question 29

Kartika is a professor in Germany who is trying to decide which applicant to accept as a graduate student.She wants a graduate student who will come up with creative ideas.Which of the following applicants should have the most creative ideas?

A) Meanne, who has low self-esteem
B) Kharah, who has lived in and adjusted to multiple cultures throughout her life
C) Laura, who comes from a culture that has no cultural distance from Germany
D) Kate, who is very extraverted
E) Olivia, who has visited many cultures around the world as a tourist

Question 30

Jamie, an Asian American from New York (i.e., a member of a visible cultural minority within the United States) experienced identity denial yesterday.This means that, of the following situations, he experienced

A) a man asking to see Jamie's ID when he went to the liquor store.
B) a woman doubting whether Jamie actually likes watching movies.
C) someone of European descent not believing that Jamie was born in New York and insisting that he must have been born somewhere in Asia.
D) his African American friend insisting that they listen to some German rock music.
E) his mother making him food that his grandmother used to make.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT common of third culture kids?

A) moving between cultures before they have formed a strong cultural identity
B) feeling like a minority everywhere they go
C) scoring lower on ethnocentrism and prejudice measures
D) lacking a sense of global identity
E) forming relationships with each culture they live in, yet not feeling a strong connection to any of them

Question 32

Which of the following people is the best example of blending?

A) Lani, who is able to jump back and forth between her Hawaiian heritage cultural views and her Texan host cultural views
B) Dongraegu, who has embraced both the cultural values of his Korean heritage culture as well as those of his Canadian host culture
C) Bjorn, who is from a Swedish town where many people living there are recent immigrants, leading to a very multicultural atmosphere
D) Sarah, who is American and who gained a much more interdependent self-construal after spending the last 10 years in China, although she is still not as interdependent as the Chinese tend to be.
E) Jürgen, who has decided to accept the cultural values of his American host culture to fit in better, disregarding values from his German heritage culture.

Question 33

Yamazonia is a society dominated by tall people.Based on this information alone, which of the following people living in Yamazonia is most likely to experience identity denial?

A) Jayden, a very tall woman
B) Jared, a male worker
C) Justice, a short woman
D) Jordan, a social worker
E) Jamie, a wealthy man

Question 34

Leo was born in India and moved to Singapore when he was 3 years old with his parents, who work in a global nonprofit organization.Because Leo's parents often have to move to different countries for work, Leo lived in seven different countries before he was 18 years old.Which term most closely describes Leo's background?

A) migrant
B) immigrant
C) third culture kid
D) bicultural
E) monocultural

Question 35

The immigrant paradox refers to the finding that

A) immigrants tend to experience greater negative outcomes compared to people in the host culture who have never immigrated.
B) immigrants tend to experience fewer negative outcomes compared to people in the host culture who have never immigrated.
C) children of immigrants tend to experience greater negative outcomes in educational achievement and health compared to their immigrant parents.
D) immigrants who move to the United States are less likely to become obese the longer they live in the United States.
E) immigrants who move to the United States do not adopt unhealthy behaviors, such as smoking and drinking, no matter how long they live in the United States.

Question 36

Hideo is a Japanese German person who feels strongly connected to both his Japanese and German cultures.If Hideo engages in frame-switching, which of the following is most likely?

A) He will think like a German person and lose his Japanese identity.
B) He will think more interdependently than the average German but more independently than the average Japanese.
C) He will think like a Japanese person when he reads the Japanese newspaper.
D) He will think more like a German person now compared to 7 months ago.
E) He will think both like a German person and like a Japanese person, switching between the two at random.

Question 37

Which of the following scenarios would most likely lead to Basdeo using frame-switching more than Mel?

A) if Basdeo adopts a separation strategy while Mel adopts an assimilative strategy
B) if Basdeo were a bicultural and Mel were a monocultural
C) if Basdeo were low in bicultural identity integration and Mel were high in bicultural identity integration
D) if Basdeo were more extraverted than Mel
E) if Basdeo were more conscientious than Mel

Question 38

Stereotype threat is

A) largely in people's minds and does not affect actual behavior.
B) limited to the experiences of racial groups that are discriminated against.
C) the result of people being unaware of the stereotypes that exist for their groups.
D) experienced most acutely by people low in bicultural identity integration.
E) frequently measured using dependent variables such as task performance and physiological signs.

Question 39

According to the textbook, which of the following has NOT been noted as a result of becoming more acculturated to North American culture?

A) increased rate of obesity
B) increased delinquency behavior
C) decreased risk of coronary heart disease
D) decreased discrimination
E) decreased school performance

Question 40

Stephanie is a black female celebrity and is afraid of being stereotyped as an "angry black woman" just because of her background.The media constantly publishes photos of Stephanie looking angry, which eventually does make her feel angry.This is an example of

A) stereotype lift.
B) stereotype threat.
C) stereotype denial.
D) identity denial.
E) the counterstereotype effect.

Question 41

Your new research project is studying cultural differences between European Canadians and Japanese Canadians in terms of self-esteem.Your research partner thinks that self-esteem does not easily change over time for these cultural groups.According to research on blending, do you agree with your research partner's perspective? Why or why not?

Question 42

Mike and Steph are a married couple who will soon be moving to a new country.This new country has a culture in which the population is generally low on extraversion.Mike is very high on extraversion and Steph is very low in extraversion.Based on the concept of cultural fit, draw the expected acculturation pattern (feelings toward host culture over time) associated with each person, assuming that both people do acculturate.For the purpose of this question, the heterogeneity/homogeneity of the host culture is irrelevant.

Question 43

Your father wants to encourage you to travel to as many places as possible and stay in each place as long as possible.It does not matter what cultures you live in-they will all benefit your creativity.Based on research on culture and creativity, do you agree with his assertions? Why or why not?

Question 44

As a CEO of a multinational graphics design company, you are tasked with looking for the most creative applicant.Before you are three equally qualified applicants with one important difference regarding their travel history: Michael has lived for several years in each of two different countries; Stephanie has lived in one country and has only visited four others as a tourist (each visit was for one week); and Robert has only ever lived in one country.You give them a creative task by giving the following instructions: "Here is a brick.Write down as many uses for this brick as you can think of." Higher numbers of responses mean greater creativity.Draw a graph to depict what results you would expect from each applicant.

Question 45

Amy's daughter, Sophia, is going to be an architect.In order to increase her creativity, Amy wants Sophia to live temporarily in a few other countries, living among the citizens and spending a year in each place, before starting her job.Based on research on the relationship between multiculturalism and creativity, will Amy's plan for Sophia work?

A) No, Sophia would count as a sojourner, and the creativity of sojourners does not benefit from intercultural contact.
B) Yes, because these experiences will lead to greater levels of networking, which is associated with creativity.
C) No, because if there is a poor cultural fit between Sophia and potential host cultures, then she would be too unhappy to gain creativity.
D) Yes, because this plan will lead to greater integrative complexity, which partially leads to higher levels of creativity.
E) No, because Sophia is prone to experiencing L-shaped curves, making it difficult for her to benefit from her experience.

Question 46

At the customs gate of your country's busiest international airport, two people are arriving as landed immigrants.As an immigrant support worker, you are tasked with determining how best to allocate resources in helping different immigrants.To do that, you must first determine how successfully each person will be at acculturating.Looking at the files for the landed immigrants, you see that Grace is coming from the United States, a country that is very similar to your country.On the other hand, Cecilia is coming from Mongolia, a country that is very dissimilar to your country.Based on the concept of cultural distance, draw the expected acculturation pattern (feelings toward host culture over time) for each person, assuming that both people do acculturate.For the purpose of this question, the heterogeneity/homogeneity of the host culture is irrelevant.