Deck 3: Marine Provinces

Question 1

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)used to map ocean floor from space
B)cumulative plot of area versus depth or elevation
C)measurement of ocean depth and seafloor topography
D)a method of mapping the topography of the ocean floor along a strip up to 60 km
E)used echo soundings in 1952 to identify mid-ocean ridge in South Atlantic
F)used to determine ocean structure beneath the sea floor
G)uses high frequency sound waves to measure ocean depth
bathymetry

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)used to map ocean floor from space
B)cumulative plot of area versus depth or elevation
C)measurement of ocean depth and seafloor topography
D)a method of mapping the topography of the ocean floor along a strip up to 60 km
E)used echo soundings in 1952 to identify mid-ocean ridge in South Atlantic
F)used to determine ocean structure beneath the sea floor
G)uses high frequency sound waves to measure ocean depth
seismic reflection profile

Answer 2

Answers: F

Question 3

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)flat depositional surfaces that cover extensive portions of the deep-ocean basins
B)deep linear scars on the deep-ocean floor caused by plate convergence
C)narrow and deep valleys on continental slopes
D)continental margins not in close proximity to any plate boundary
E)continental margin associated with lithospheric plate boundaries
F)a generally flat zone extending from the shore to the shelf break
G)shallow-water areas close to continents
continental shelf

Answer 3

F

Question 4

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)flat depositional surfaces that cover extensive portions of the deep-ocean basins
B)deep linear scars on the deep-ocean floor caused by plate convergence
C)narrow and deep valleys on continental slopes
D)continental margins not in close proximity to any plate boundary
E)continental margin associated with lithospheric plate boundaries
F)a generally flat zone extending from the shore to the shelf break
G)shallow-water areas close to continents
continental margin

Question 5

Oceans with passive plate margins have continental slopes with more gradual slopes than oceans with active plate margins.

Question 6

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)used to map ocean floor from space
B)cumulative plot of area versus depth or elevation
C)measurement of ocean depth and seafloor topography
D)a method of mapping the topography of the ocean floor along a strip up to 60 km
E)used echo soundings in 1952 to identify mid-ocean ridge in South Atlantic
F)used to determine ocean structure beneath the sea floor
G)uses high frequency sound waves to measure ocean depth
multi-beam sonar

Question 7

Direct and indirect observations indicate that rivers are responsible for the formation of submarine canyons.

Question 8

The shape of Earth's hypsographic curve can be used to support the existence of plate tectonics.

Question 9

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)used to map ocean floor from space
B)cumulative plot of area versus depth or elevation
C)measurement of ocean depth and seafloor topography
D)a method of mapping the topography of the ocean floor along a strip up to 60 km
E)used echo soundings in 1952 to identify mid-ocean ridge in South Atlantic
F)used to determine ocean structure beneath the sea floor
G)uses high frequency sound waves to measure ocean depth
hypsographic curve

Question 10

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)used to map ocean floor from space
B)cumulative plot of area versus depth or elevation
C)measurement of ocean depth and seafloor topography
D)a method of mapping the topography of the ocean floor along a strip up to 60 km
E)used echo soundings in 1952 to identify mid-ocean ridge in South Atlantic
F)used to determine ocean structure beneath the sea floor
G)uses high frequency sound waves to measure ocean depth
precision-depth recorder (PDR)

Question 11

The three major provinces of the ocean floor are continental margins, deep-ocean basins, and submarine canyons.

Question 12

Echo sounding is not a very reliable way to measure ocean depth because water is a poor transmitter of sound.

Question 13

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)flat depositional surfaces that cover extensive portions of the deep-ocean basins
B)deep linear scars on the deep-ocean floor caused by plate convergence
C)narrow and deep valleys on continental slopes
D)continental margins not in close proximity to any plate boundary
E)continental margin associated with lithospheric plate boundaries
F)a generally flat zone extending from the shore to the shelf break
G)shallow-water areas close to continents
submarine canyon

Question 14

The deepest portions of the ocean are part of the relatively narrow features called submarine canyons.

Question 15

Sediments of the continental rise can exhibit characteristics similar to those formed by rivers on land.

Question 16

Satellites measurements of the ocean surface can be used to make maps of the seafloor.

Question 17

The continental shelf is generally defined as a steeply sloping zone extending from the shoreline to the shelf break.

Question 18

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)flat depositional surfaces that cover extensive portions of the deep-ocean basins
B)deep linear scars on the deep-ocean floor caused by plate convergence
C)narrow and deep valleys on continental slopes
D)continental margins not in close proximity to any plate boundary
E)continental margin associated with lithospheric plate boundaries
F)a generally flat zone extending from the shore to the shelf break
G)shallow-water areas close to continents
abyssal plain

Question 19

A sediment-laden current that flows off the continental shelf is called a turbidity current.

Question 20

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)flat depositional surfaces that cover extensive portions of the deep-ocean basins
B)deep linear scars on the deep-ocean floor caused by plate convergence
C)narrow and deep valleys on continental slopes
D)continental margins not in close proximity to any plate boundary
E)continental margin associated with lithospheric plate boundaries
F)a generally flat zone extending from the shore to the shelf break
G)shallow-water areas close to continents
ocean trench

Question 21

Due to the very harsh environmental conditions, very few types of organisms are found in association with hydrothermal vents.

Question 22

The method that used most frequently to investigate sediment and rock layers of the sea floor is:

A)direct observation.
B)drilling.
C)light waves.
D)satellite observation.
E)sound waves (specifically seismic reflecting profiling).

Question 23

Abyssal plains are more extensive on the seafloor of the Atlantic Ocean basin as compared to those on the seafloor of the Pacific Ocean basin.

Question 24

Seamounts form from ancient tablemounts.

Question 25

Ocean trenches are deep linear scars in the ocean floor caused by the divergence of plates along divergent plate boundaries.

Question 26

The Pacific Ring of Fire is the seismically active area along the margins of the Pacific Ocean where earthquakes and volcanoes are common.

Question 27

The instrument that emits a high-frequency sound beam to measure the depth of the ocean developed in the 1950s is the:

A)GLORIA.
B)precision-depth recorder (PDR).
C)Seabeam.
D)SeaMARC.
E)SeaWif.

Question 28

Mid-ocean ridges are rises that occupy a small portion (around 10%)of the deep ocean basins.

Question 29

All of the following are considered part of the continental margin except the:

A)continental rise.
B)continental shelf.
C)continental slope.
D)fracture zone.
E)submarine canyon.

Question 30

Oceanic ridges are cut by a number of transform faults, which offset spreading zones.

Question 31

The correct order of seafloor features from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is:

A)abyssal plain, rise, slope, shelf.
B)abyssal plain, shelf, slope, rise.
C)rise, abyssal plain, slope, shelf.
D)shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain.
E)slope, rise, shelf, abyssal plain.

Question 32

Characteristics of active continental margins include all of the following except:

A)broad continental shelves.
B)chains of islands.
C)deep-sea trenches.
D)thin sediment accumulation.
E)volcanic and earthquake activity.

Question 33

Hydrothermal vents are seafloor cold seeps with high concentrations of sulfur and salts.

Question 34

Passive continental margins are characterized by all of the following except:

A)broad continental shelves.
B)deep-sea trenches.
C)shallow coastal waters.
D)thick sediment accumulation.
E)very little volcanic and earthquake activity.

Question 35

The two relatively flat areas on the hypsographic curve represent:

A)continental mountains and abyssal plains.
B)continental mountains and mid-ocean ridges.
C)continental slopes and deep-sea trenches.
D)some interior continental areas/coastal plains and abyssal plains on the ocean floor.
E)some interior continental areas/coastal plains and mid-ocean ridges.

Question 36

Hydrothermal vents are often associated with central rift valleys along the oceanic ridge and rise system.

Question 37

Black smokers are hydrothermal vents that discharge superheated water with high concentrations of metal sulfides.

Question 38

Directly seaward of the continental shelf is a more steeply sloping region called the:

A)abyssal plain.
B)continental rise.
C)continental slope.
D)mid-ocean ridge.
E)trench.

Question 39

Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and debris are:

A)deep sea fans.
B)graded bedding.
C)turbidity currents.
D)turbidite deposits.
E)white smokers.

Question 40

Satellites are used to map the ocean floor because:

A)they are unaffected by surface weather.
B)they can cover areas where ships have not produced surveys.
C)they can "see" large areas of the seafloor at one time.
D)the shape of the ocean surface itself reflects large features on the seafloor below.
E)All of the above statements are correct.

Question 41

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. continental shelf
B) abyssal hill
C) shelf break
D) continental rise
E) continental slope

Question 42

Relatively few abyssal plains are located in the Pacific Ocean due to:

A)its smaller size compared to other ocean basins.
B)the presence of convergent active margins.
C)the absence of convergent active margins.
D)the presence of seamounts.
E)all of the above.

Question 43

Transform faults have all of the following characteristics except:

A)they occur along transform plate boundaries.
B)movement occurs in the same direction.
C)they have many earthquakes.
D)they occur between offset oceanic ridge segments.

Question 44

Volcanic features on the ocean floor that are less than 1,000 meters (0.6 miles)tall are called:

A)seamounts.
B)tablemounts.
C)abyssal hills or seaknolls.
D)oceanic trenches.
E)oceanic ridges.

Question 45

New lithosphere is produced in association with:

A)deep-sea trenches.
B)fracture zones.
C)hydrothermal vents.
D)oceanic ridges.
E)transform faults.

Question 46

Segments of the oceanic ridge system that are gentler and less rugged in slope due to faster rates of seafloor spreading are called:

A)deep-sea trenches.
B)fracture zones.
C)oceanic rises.
D)convergent plate boundaries.
E)transform faults.

Question 47

Oceanic ridges and rises result from seafloor spreading along:

A)convergent plate boundaries.
B)divergent plate boundaries.
C)transform plate boundaries.
D)none of the above.

Question 48

Older lithosphere is destroyed in association with:

A)deep-sea trenches.
B)fracture zones.
C)hydrothermal vents.
D)mid-ocean ridges.
E)spreading centers.

Question 49

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. turbidity currents
B) graded bedding
C) turbidite deposits
D) abyssal plains
E) deep-sea fans

Question 50

Along the margins of the Pacific are found most of Earth's:

A)seamounts.
B)tablemounts.
C)abyssal hills or seaknolls.
D)oceanic trenches.
E)oceanic ridges.

Question 51

Volcanic peaks on the deep-ocean floor with conical tops are called:

A)seamounts.
B)tablemounts.
C)submarine canyons.
D)oceanic trenches.
E)oceanic ridges.

Question 52

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. abyssal hill
B) abyssal plain
C) submarine canyon
D) seamount
E) tablemount

Question 53

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. abyssal plain
B) continental flood basalt
C) continental rise
D) continental shelf
E) continental slope

Question 54

Submarine canyons were most likely formed by:

A)deposition of terrestrial sediment.
B)earthquake activity.
C)erosion by major rivers in the past.
D)erosion by turbidity currents.
E)scouring by glaciers during the last ice age.

Question 55

Warm-water (From 30°C to 350°C)hydrothermal vents form:

A)abyssal hills.
B)black smokers.
C)cold seeps.
D)turbidity currents.
E)white smokers.

Question 56

With respect to mid-ocean ridges, transform faults are:

A)associated with hydrothermal vents.
B)located in submarine canyons.
C)parallel to the rift valley.
D)perpendicular to the ridge axis.

Question 57

Extending from the base of the continental rises into the deep-ocean basins are flat depositional surfaces called:

A)continental shelves.
B)continental slopes.
C)abyssal hills.
D)tablemounts.
E)abyssal plains.

Question 58

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. continental margin
B) active margin
C) convergent active margin
D) transform active margin
E) rift valley

Question 59

The direction of motion along a seafloor transform fault is:

A)associated with turbidity currents.
B)in the same direction as the plates are spreading.
C)in the same direction as the ridge offset.
D)influenced by underwater boundary currents.
E)perpendicular to the direction of plate movement.

Question 60

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. global positioning system (GPS)
B) GLORIA
C) precision depth recorder (PDR)
D) SeaBeam
E) Sea MARC

Question 61

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. passive margin
B) ocean trench
C) volcanic arc
D) island arc
E) continental arc

Question 62

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. rift valley
B) oceanic ridge
C) oceanic rise
D) seaknoll
E) seafloor spreading

Question 63

Describe the differences between passive and active continental margins and how these features relate to plate tectonics.

Question 64

Describe the major features of a passive continental margin as you move from the continent toward the center of the ocean basin.

Question 65

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. black smoker
B) deep focus earthquake
C) hydrothermal vent
D) rift valley
E) white smoker

Question 66

List and describe the different types of hydrothermal vents.

Question 67

Briefly describe how submarine canyons are created?

Question 68

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. metal sulfide deposits
B) pillow basalts
C) rift valley
D) seamounts
E) trenches

Question 69

Describe the relationship between turbidity currents and turbidite deposits.

Question 70

Describe the characteristics and features of the oceanic ridge system, including the difference between oceanic ridges and oceanic rises.

Question 71

Discuss the development of scientific instruments in the 20ᵗʰ century used to map the seafloor. Include in your answer the timeframe when each instrument was developed and a brief description of how it works.

Question 72

In which ocean basin are most ocean trenches found? Use plate tectonic processes to explain why.

Question 73

Distinguish between a transform fault and a fracture zone.

Question 74

Briefly describe the differences between abyssal hills (seaknolls), seamounts, and tablemounts.