Deck 14: A: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following terms refers to the future course of a condition or illness?

A)etiological forecast
B)prognosis
C)foreclosure
D)diagnosis

Answer 1

prognosis

Question 2

What is etiology?

A)study of mental illness
B)collection of a group of symptoms
C)projected course of a condition
D)apparent cause of a condition

Answer 2

apparent cause of a condition

Question 3

Which of the following is true, according to the medical model?

A)All physical illnesses have a psychological component.
B)Abnormal behaviour can be thought of as a disease.
C)All mental illnesses are caused by biological factors.
D)All mental illnesses can be treated using drugs.

Answer 3

Abnormal behaviour can be thought of as a disease.

Question 4

Complete the following analogy: Prognosis is to etiology as __________

A)why is to what.
B)outcome is to why.
C)what is to why.
D)why is to outcome.

Question 5

Complete the following analogy: Diagnosis is to etiology as ____________

A)what is to why.
B)when is to where.
C)why is to what.
D)where is to when.

Question 6

Wendy works at Dyne Corporation. At the last business executive meeting she showed up in pyjamas and slippers. When her coworkers commented on the inappropriateness of her outfit, Wendy did not seem the least bit disturbed or embarrassed by their comments. What is the best description for Wendy's style of dressing, in this example?

A)delusional
B)personally distressing
C)maladaptive
D)culturally deviant

Question 7

Hamilton has embezzled over $3 million from the bank where he is employed as an executive loan officer. He feels no remorse for his actions, and he is looking forward to an early retirement in some South American country with no extradition agreement. Which term best describes Hamilton's embezzling behaviour in this example?

A)maladaptive
B)legal insanity
C)culturally deviant
D)personally distressing

Question 8

What is the term for the apparent causation and developmental history of an illness?

A)etiology
B)epidemiology
C)prognosis
D)diagnosis

Question 9

Mario has just entered treatment for a major depressive episode. He is told that most patients respond to treatment within a month, and many never experience a second depressive episode. What does this information represent?

A)histology
B)prognosis
C)etiology
D)diagnosis

Question 10

With which model of abnormal behaviour are the terms "mental illness" and "psychopathology" most closely associated?

A)humanistic
B)learning
C)psychodynamic
D)medical

Question 11

What is the term used to describe behaviour that does not coincide with cultural norms?

A)insane
B)personally distressing
C)maladaptive
D)deviant

Question 12

Which of the following models goes with the concept that abnormal behaviour is the result of a disease?

A)psychological
B)humanistic
C)medical
D)behavioural

Question 13

Thomas Szasz criticized the medical model. What was his major complaint?

A)The model is not well understood by its practitioners.
B)Uniformity of behaviour patterns cannot be established from the medical model viewpoint.
C)No evidence exists to support the efficiency of the medical model's treatment approaches.
D)Most abnormal behaviour reflects a moral judgment about what is socially acceptable or unacceptable behaviour.

Question 14

Dr. Cueto believes that psychological disorders can be diagnosed, treated, and possibly cured, just like physical illnesses. Which of the following models of abnormal behaviour are reflected by Dr. Cueto's beliefs?

A)medical
B)psychodynamic
C)behavioural
D)deviance

Question 15

Dr. Wabush is asking her newest client questions about his life history. She is particularly interested in any recent stressful events that the client may have experienced. What is Dr. Wabush doing?

A)developing a prognosis for her client
B)trying to determine an appropriate diagnosis
C)engaging in naturalistic observation
D)trying to understand the etiology of her client's current illness

Question 16

Summer has anorexia nervosa and is slowly starving herself to death. When friends or family tell her to seek professional help, she tells them that she feels fine. She can't understand why people won't just leave her alone. Which of the following terms best describes Summer's eating disorder?

A)personally distressing
B)delusional
C)culturally deviant
D)maladaptive

Question 17

What is a prognosis?

A)plan for treating an illness
B)distinction between two similar illnesses
C)forecast about the probable course of an illness
D)apparent causation and developmental history of an illness

Question 18

Ben is not a very conscientious individual. He often sleeps late in the morning, and on mornings when he oversleeps, he usually just skips work. He has been fired from four jobs in the past year, but he is not concerned because he feels that there are lots of other jobs available. Which of the following terms best describes Ben's lack of dedication?

A)personally distressing
B)legally incompetent
C)culturally deviant
D)maladaptive

Question 19

Dr. Underhill is reviewing the records from a patient who has just been referred for treatment. He is carefully considering the symptoms that have been documented, and is attempting to identify the type of psychological disorder the individual is most likely to have. What is Dr. Underhill trying to create?

A)diagnosis
B)etiology
C)histology
D)prognosis

Question 20

Complete the following analogy: Diagnosis is to prognosis as _______

A)outcome is to etiology.
B)what is to outcome.
C)why is to what.
D)ontogeny is to phylogeny.

Question 21

When Erskine found out that his daughter's Grade 5 teacher had once been treated for a psychological disorder, he insisted that his daughter be transferred to a different classroom. He was concerned for her safety, and the safety of her classmates, and tried to have the individual barred from teaching in the public school system. Which stereotype is illustrated in this example?

A)Psychological disorders often go unrecognized.
B)Psychological disorders are incurable.
C)People with psychological disorders are often dangerous.
D)People with psychological disorders behave in bizarre ways.

Question 22

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from Rosenhan's study that used "pseudopatients"?

A)Most behaviour patterns are basically the same in people being diagnosed as abnormal.
B)The validity of diagnostic categories in DSM-III-R is very suspect in distinguishing between normal and abnormal persons.
C)Once one has been diagnosed as abnormal, subsequent behaviour gets interpreted in a manner consistent with the diagnosis.
D)Distinguishing between schizophrenic subtypes is almost impossible.

Question 23

Which of the following is true of the current classification system for psychological disorders (DSM-IV)?

A)It contains fewer disorders than previous systems, making it easier to use.
B)It avoids giving people potentially stigmatizing diagnostic labels.
C)It recognizes the importance of information other than a traditional diagnostic label.
D)It has been shown to be extremely unreliable.

Question 24

Rosa is the personnel director at Acme Enterprises. If she finds that an individual who has applied for employment has ever been treated for a psychological disorder, she doesn't consider that person for a job. She is concerned that the person will have another breakdown under the stressful conditions that exist at Acme Enterprises. Which of the following stereotypes is illustrated in this example?

A)Psychological disorders are often over-diagnosed.
B)All psychological disorders are incurable.
C)People with psychological disorders behave in bizarre ways.
D)People with psychological disorders are often dangerous.

Question 25

What was demonstrated in Rosenhan's study using "pseudopatients"?

A)Our mental health system is biased toward seeing mental illness in all potential patients.
B)Most mental patients are extensively observed before an initial diagnosis is made.
C)It is extremely difficult to successfully fake the symptoms of serious mental illness.
D)Mental hospital staff often spend a great deal of time interacting with patients.

Question 26

Depression and addiction are frequently comorbid. What does this mean?

A)Addiction causes depression.
B)If an individual is diagnosed with one, then he or she cannot also receive a diagnosis for the other.
C)They are frequently diagnosed in the same individual.
D)Depression causes addiction.

Question 27

DSM-IV uses five "axes" to describe a person's problem. Which axis contains the actual diagnosis of a disorder?

A)Axis I
B)Axis II
C)Axis I and/or Axis II
D)Axis V

Question 28

Johanna was somewhat surprised when her study partner postponed a study session because he had an appointment with his psychotherapist. When she was talking to a friend about the postponed study session she commented, "I have been working on projects with this student for several months now, and he has never shown any signs of having a psychological disorder." Johanna's comment suggests that she holds which of the following inaccurate stereotypes?

A)People with psychological disorders are often dangerous.
B)The mental health system has a powerful bias toward seeing pathology in everyone.
C)Psychological disorders are incurable.
D)People with psychological disorders behave in bizarre ways.

Question 29

Treit's best friend was seriously injured in a car accident last month. Since that time Treit has been attending all his classes, but he feels like he is unable to pay attention because he is constantly thinking about his friend. Treit finds he can't seem to think about anything else, and he is frequently overwhelmed by feelings of helplessness. Which of the following terms best describes Treit's feelings?

A)culturally deviant
B)personally distressing
C)delusional
D)compulsive

Question 30

Many people believe that those with mental illness are violence-prone. Why is this belief common?

A)There actually is a strong association between mental illness and violent tendencies.
B)Incidents of violence involving people with mental illness receive a great deal of media attention.
C)Many people have personally been the victims of such violence.
D)Violence is much more common among mental patients than among the general population.

Question 31

Colton has gone in for a psychiatric assessment. He tells the clinician that he has been hearing voices that tell him to start building a lab in his basement. On which DSM-IV axis should this information be recorded?

A)Axis I
B)Axis III
C)Axis IV
D)Axis X

Question 32

Corrina constantly experiences feelings of dread and despair. Lately, she finds that she is thinking more and more about committing suicide so she can end her feelings of desperation and hopelessness. Which of the following terms best describes Corrina's feelings of dread and despair?

A)signs of incompetence
B)delusions
C)personally distressing
D)culturally deviant

Question 33

Kashi enjoys gambling so much that he does it every day, totally neglecting his family and job. Which criterion of abnormality does Kashi's behaviour satisfy most clearly?

A)persistence
B)maladaptive behaviour
C)personal distress
D)deviance

Question 34

Blair has gone in for a psychiatric assessment. She meets all the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder. Blair also tells the clinician that, just before her symptoms began, her husband moved out and she lost her job. Using the DSM-IV, where would these pieces of information be recorded?

A)Axis I and Axis II
B)Axis II and Axis X
C)Axis I and Axis IV
D)Axis II and Axis III

Question 35

Using the DSM-IV, where would personality and developmental disorders be recorded?

A)Axis I
B)Axis II
C)Axis III
D)Axis IV

Question 36

Using the DSM-IV, on which axis would disorders of mood be recorded?

A)Axis I
B)Axis III
C)Axis IV
D)Axis X

Question 37

Jaffir has gone in for a psychiatric assessment. He tells the clinician that he has been feeling detached from his surroundings since he started taking medication to control his high blood pressure. On which DSM-IV axis should this information be recorded?

A)Axis I
B)Axis II
C)Axis III
D)Axis IV

Question 38

Lydia has gone in for a psychiatric assessment. She tells the clinician that lately she has been feeling completely hopeless and dejected, and she no longer enjoys doing any of the things she used to look forward to. On which axis of the DSM-IV would these symptoms be recorded?

A)Axis I
B)Axis III
C)Axis IV
D)Axis X

Question 39

Jeff has been diagnosed with both an anxiety disorder and a personality disorder. What term refers to this joint diagnosis?

A)dual diagnosis
B)bipathology
C)comorbidity
D)additive diagnosis

Question 40

Mayank has gone in for a psychiatric assessment. He tells the clinician that he has been feeling apprehensive and edgy for the last month, but so far his anxiety hasn't seemed to have had a major impact on either his job or his home life. Which DSM-IV scale should be used if the clinician wants to record this information as part of Mayank's global assessment of functioning?

A)Axis IV
B)Axis I or II
C)Axis V
D)Axis III

Question 41

What would you study if you were an epidemiologist?

A)treatments for psychological disorders
B)distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population
C)how cultural values affect judgments of abnormality
D)sudden "epidemics" involving specific mental or physical disorders

Question 42

Elise is so terrified of enclosed places that she had to quit her new job because her office had no windows. She knows that her fear is irrational, but she can't seem to control her anxiety. Which disorder is most consistent with Elise's symptoms?

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)phobic disorder
C)conversion disorder
D)generalized anxiety disorder

Question 43

Damian has brief attacks of overwhelming anxiety in which his heart pounds and he can't control his breathing. He never knows when the next attack will occur. Which disorder is most consistent with Damian's symptoms?

A)conversion disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)schizophrenia
D)panic disorder

Question 44

Which of the following anxiety disorders does the cartoon character Charlie Brown, with his chronic dread, pessimism, worrying, and brooding, have symptoms consistent with?

A)panic disorder
B)phobic disorder
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)generalized anxiety disorder

Question 45

Tak feels like he has been worrying constantly for the past four months. He is worried about making his car payments, losing his job, and how his children are doing in school. He has also started to experience dizziness and occasional heart palpitations. Which disorder is most consistent with these symptoms?

A)panic disorder
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)generalized anxiety disorder
D)hypochondriasis

Question 46

Which of the following has been experienced by nearly one-third of students, according to results of questionnaire studies of Canadian university students?

A)post-traumatic stress disorder
B)phobias
C)depression
D)panic

Question 47

Jim came home from the office trembling, irritable, unable to concentrate, experiencing shortness of breath, and worrying about whether his business would still be open next week, despite the fact that his business was evidencing its highest profit ever. Which disorder is most consistent with these symptoms?

A)generalized anxiety disorder
B)phobic disorder
C)minor psychotic break
D)major depression

Question 48

Doris feels terrified every time she leaves her house, and avoids doing so whenever possible. Which of the following is most consistent with Doris's experience?

A)agoraphobia
B)claustrophobia
C)generalized anxiety disorder
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 49

Ankha is so terrified of fire that she cannot light a match or even enjoy dinner by candlelight. Which of the following disorders is most consistent with Ankha's symptoms?

A)panic disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)phobic disorder
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 50

Which condition is characterized by recurrent, intense, and sudden onset of anxiety?

A)panic disorder
B)paranoid disorder
C)generalized anxiety disorder
D)phobic disorder

Question 51

Charlie cannot tolerate heights. When walking up several flights of stairs, he breaks out in a cold sweat, shakes, and believes he is going to fall and seriously injure himself. Consequently, Charlie avoids any type of height at all costs. Which disorder is most consistent with Charlie's symptoms?

A)somatoform disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)phobic disorder
D)panic disorder

Question 52

What proportion of individuals who reported symptoms consistent with mental disorders did NOT seek assistance or treatment, according to data provided by Statistics Canada?

A)approximately 10 percent
B)approximately 25 percent
C)approximately 40 percent
D)approximately 65 percent

Question 53

Which of the following has been demonstrated in epidemiological studies of psychological disorders?

A)There has been a significant decrease in prevalence rates of mental illness in Canada in recent years.
B)Psychological disorders are more common than many people realize.
C)Epidemics involving psychological disorders are common.
D)Nearly everyone who needs treatment for psychological disorders receives it.

Question 54

Which disorder is characterized by worry and fear, muscle tension, trembling, faintness, and difficulty in concentrating?

A)conversion disorder
B)dissociative disorder
C)paranoid disorder
D)generalized anxiety disorder

Question 55

What is the major difference between a phobic disorder and a generalized anxiety disorder?

A)Only the generalized anxiety disorder depends on past conditioning.
B)A phobic disorder is more severe and more difficult to treat.
C)Anxiety is specific to one object or situation in a phobic disorder, but is "free floating" in generalized anxiety disorder.
D)Generalized anxiety disorder occurs primarily in men, and phobic disorders occur primarily in women.

Question 56

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with generalized anxiety disorder?

A)trembling
B)dizziness
C)delusions
D)diarrhea

Question 57

With regard to psychological disorders, what does prevalence refer to?

A)the percentage of a population that has ever been treated for a psychological disorder
B)the reliability of the diagnosis of psychological disorders
C)the absolute number of people who are experiencing any psychological disorder at a given point in time
D)the percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period

Question 58

Which disorder is characterized by free-floating anxiety?

A)phobic disorder
B)panic disorder
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)generalized anxiety disorder

Question 59

What percentage of the population will experience a psychological disorder at some time in their lives, using the DSM-IV listings and lifetime prevalence?

A)less than 10 percent
B)15 to 25 percent
C)approximately 50 percent
D)greater than 60 percent

Question 60

What is the discipline that studies the incidence and distribution of mental or physical disorders within a population?

A)demography
B)psychobiology
C)epidemiology
D)etiology

Question 61

What fear is most prominent in agoraphobia?

A)closed spaces
B)spiders
C)heights
D)going out to public places

Question 62

What is the term used to describe the behaviour of checking your alarm clock 20 times before going to sleep?

A)compulsive
B)obsessive
C)amnesiac
D)phobic

Question 63

Ali has a psychological disorder, and her doctor has prescribed a drug that affects the levels of GABA in her nervous system. What type of disorder is Ali most likely being treated for, based on this information?

A)dissociative
B)anxiety
C)somatoform
D)schizophrenic

Question 64

Which of the following is true of people who suffer from an obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A)They can be treated with a form of aversive conditioning.
B)They feel they have lost control of their thoughts or actions.
C)They need to be institutionalized, as they cannot function in society in an appropriate manner.
D)They find their thoughts and acts reassuring.

Question 65

What is the term for an unwanted thought that repeatedly intrudes upon an individual's consciousness?

A)hallucination
B)delusion
C)compulsion
D)obsession

Question 66

Which disorder is most consistent with Angela's symptoms?

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)bipolar disorder
C)generalized anxiety disorder
D)delusional disorder

Question 67

Abnormalities in certain neural circuits have recently been implicated in panic and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Which neurotransmitter is used in those defective circuits?

A)dopamine
B)acetylcholine
C)endorphin
D)serotonin

Question 68

Jack thinks constantly about dirt and germs. He washes his hands hundreds of times a day. Which disorder is most consistent with Jack's behaviour?

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)phobic disorder
C)somatization disorder
D)hypochondriasis

Question 69

Would Angela's disorder mean that she would be found not criminally responsible if she was convicted of a crime?

A)Yes, because her disorder is a diagnosable mental disorder.
B)Yes, because her disorder causes her to act like an automaton.
C)No, because she is capable of understanding criminal proceedings.
D)No, because she is not delusional and knows right from wrong.

Question 70

Trish has been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. What is the lifetime risk that her identical twin will also develop an anxiety disorder?

A)5 percent
B)35 percent
C)65 percent
D)100 percent

Question 71

Michenne was giving a presentation to her class when suddenly the roof collapsed. Michenne was not injured, herself, but she watched, helplessly, as her classmates were pinned under mounds of rubble. She saw horrific injuries, and several of her classmates were killed in the accident. If Michelle develops symptoms of a mental disorder, what disorder is most likely?

A)post-traumatic stress disorder
B)panic disorder
C)nonspecific phobia disorder
D)generalized anxiety disorder

Question 72

Grayson seems to be preoccupied with the possibility that he might miss an important message from someone in his family. He checks for new messages on his phone every 15 minutes. Which of the following terms best describes this behaviour?

A)compulsion
B)obsession
C)hallucination
D)delusion

Question 73

Selena constantly thinks about climbing up the stairs to the roof of her building and jumping into the street below. Which of the following could Selena's uncontrollable thoughts be considered an example of?

A)obsession
B)delusion
C)compulsion
D)hallucination

Question 74

Abnormalities in which of the following neurotransmitter circuits have been demonstrated to be involved in Angela's disorder?

A)epinephrine
B)melatonin
C)serotonin
D)dopamine

Question 75

On which axis of the DSM-IV would Angela's disorder be recorded?

A)Axis IV
B)Axis II
C)Axis I
D)Axis III

Question 76

Which criteria of abnormality does Angela's behaviour meet?

A)maladaptiveness and personal distress
B)deviance and maladaptiveness
C)insanity and deviance
D)personal distress and insanity

Question 77

Anique is being treated for a psychological disorder. As part of her treatment program, she is taking medication that alters the activity of GABA synapses. Which type of disorder is she likely being treated for?

A)anxiety
B)somatoform
C)personality
D)schizophrenic

Question 78

Kate constantly thinks about jumping in front of an oncoming car when she is walking. The only way she seems to be able to stop these self-destructive thoughts is to say Mother Goose nursery rhymes over and over to herself. Which disorder is most consistent with Kate's symptoms?

A)generalized anxiety disorder
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)panic disorder
D)bipolar disorder

Question 79

Approximately what proportion of the population has experienced post-traumatic stress disorder?

A)7 percent
B)27 percent
C)45 percent
D)75 percent

Question 80

What does a concordance rate indicate?

A)agreement rates between physicians in diagnosing psychological disorders
B)the degree to which biological factors affect psychological adjustment
C)the percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives who exhibit the same disorder
D)the degree to which psychological factors affect physical health