Deck 43: Nuclear Medicine

Question 1

Technetium-99m is regarded as the "ideal radionuclide" because of its
1)isomeric energy value of 190 KeV
2)ability to be produced by a generator in the radiopharmacy
3)gamma emissions
4)physical half-life of about 6 hours
5)availability and cost
6)minimal Compton interactions based upon its energy level
7)being blocked by thick lead blocks
8)energy level useful for medical diagnosis
9)beta emissions
10)gamma emissions of 90 KeV

A)1, 3, 4, 5 ,7, and 8 only
B)1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 9 only
C)2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8 only
D)2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 only

Answer 1

2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8 only

Question 2

The isotope of choice for the diagnosis of chronic inflammations and infections is

A)I-123.
B)Tl-201.
C)I-131.
D)Ga-67.

Answer 2

Ga-67.

Question 3

The biological half-life of a radionuclide takes into account its

A)physical decay scheme.
B)physical half-life.
C)metabolism within the human body.
D)effective half-life.

Answer 3

metabolism within the human body.

Question 4

The nuclear stability of an element is principally determined by the

A)number of valence electrons.
B)neutron to proton ratio.
C)neucleon to electron ratio.
D)atomic number.

Question 5

Before use in patients, the eluate

A)should be filtered.
B)must be centrifuged.
C)must undergo quality control testing.
D)must be tested for energies emitted.

Question 6

In order to achieve nuclear stability, a radionuclide may emit

A)beta particles.
B)gamma photons.
C)positrons.
D)all of the above

Question 7

Radiopharmacies located within a hospital

A)are commonly called "hot labs."
B)need not conduct quality control as they know what they are producing as an eluate.
C)require daily quality control testing by a NRC representative.
D)all of the above

Question 8

The unit of radioactivity commonly used in nuclear medicine is the

A)Becquerel.
B)Curie.
C)Tesla.
D)Coulomb.

Question 9

The physical half-life of technetium-99 is approximately

A)110 minutes.
B)2 hours.
C)6 hours.
D)73 hours.

Question 10

Historically, the discoverer of radioactivity was

A)Pierre and Marie Curie.
B)Michael Faraday.
C)Henry Becquerel.
D)Albert Einstein.

Question 11

Unused radionuclides must be disposed of

A)immediately after a patient injection.
B)when the activity reaches background radiation levels.
C)after the hospital RSO inspects the unused portion.
D)after one additional half-life.

Question 12

The isotope of choice for most nuclear medicine medical procedures is

A)Gallium-67.
B)Iodine-131.
C)Fluorine-18.
D)Technetium-99m.

Question 13

All of the following are true of a radionuclide effective half-life EXCEPT:

A)It takes into account the relationship between physical and biologic half-lives.
B)It is the product of the physical and biologic half-lives divided by the sum of the physical and biologic half-lives.
C)It is always shorter than either the physical half-life or biologic half-life.
D)It is of little importance as a consideration of radionuclides used for medical diagnosis.

Question 14

Tc-99m is the daughter product of

A)Indium-111.
B)Molybdenum-99.
C)Gallium-67.
D)Thallium-201.

Question 15

The isotope of choice for the measurement of myocardial perfusion is

A)Tc-99m.
B)Ga-67.
C)Tl-201.
D)F-18.

Question 16

The radioactive elements Carbon-12, Carbon-13 and Carbon-14 are ______ to each other

A)isobars
B)isomers
C)isotopes
D)isotones

Question 17

The time it takes for a radioactive nucleus to decay to 1/2 its original activity level is termed its

A)half-value layer.
B)half-life.
C)inverse decay quotient.
D)decay scheme.

Question 18

When using a Mo-99/Tc-99m generator for the production of technetium-99m,

A)the eluate is extracted in the form of sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4).
B)the maximum activity of Tc-99m occurs after 4 half-lives.
C)the maximum activity of Tc-99m occurs after approximately 24 hours.
D)all of the above

Question 19

Technetium-99m is an ideal isotope because of its

A)long half-life.
B)alpha particle emissions.
C)low energy range.
D)none of the above

Question 20

A milliCurie is

A)abbreviated as mCi.
B)3922 counts per second.
C)37 MBq.
D)all of the above

Question 21

Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning

A)requires sophisticated lead collimators.
B)is more sensitive than non-PET imaging for the same radionuclide amount.
C)produces image of less resolution than planar images.
D)relies on the creation of a neutron annihilating an electron to create a pair of x-ray photons from the electron cloud.

Question 22

Match the following choices with the corresponding statements as each relates to radionuclide imaging.
similar to electron except for atomic origin

A)hot lab
B)MUGA
C)alpha emission
D)NRC
E)bone scan
F)elution
G)gamma emission
H)V/Q scan
I)PET scanning
J)wipe testing
K)beta emission
L)uptake probe

Question 23

When one considers the many clinical applications of nuclear medicine studies, perhaps the singlemost distinction between radionuclide studies and radiographic studies centers around the fact that

A)nuclear studies have higher resolution and less dose to the patient.
B)CT and radiographic studies are more invasive to the patient.
C)radionuclide studies are generally functional or metabolic studies.
D)nuclear medicine exams are more economical and quicker to complete.

Question 24

Match the following choices with the corresponding statements as each relates to radionuclide imaging.
performed weekly to determine spillage

A)hot lab
B)MUGA
C)alpha emission
D)NRC
E)bone scan
F)elution
G)gamma emission
H)V/Q scan
I)PET scanning
J)wipe testing
K)beta emission
L)uptake probe

Question 25

Match the following choices with the corresponding statements as each relates to radionuclide imaging.
protects the health and safety of the public and the environment regarding nuclear activities

A)hot lab
B)MUGA
C)alpha emission
D)NRC
E)bone scan
F)elution
G)gamma emission
H)V/Q scan
I)PET scanning
J)wipe testing
K)beta emission
L)uptake probe

Question 26

Match the following choices with the corresponding statements as each relates to radionuclide imaging.
removing Tc-99m from the Mo-99/Tc-99m generator

A)hot lab
B)MUGA
C)alpha emission
D)NRC
E)bone scan
F)elution
G)gamma emission
H)V/Q scan
I)PET scanning
J)wipe testing
K)beta emission
L)uptake probe

Question 27

Nuclear images acquired by way of SPECT scanning

A)are taken in a non-rotational, planar fashion.
B)use only a single head camera.
C)produce a cross-sectional image of the anatomy.
D)use the same protocols for all SPECT studies.

Question 28

All of the following are true of alpha and beta emissions EXCEPT:

A)They produce ionizations.
B)They are highly penetrating.
C)They are unable to penetrate the outer layers of the skin.
D)They have a mass and a charge.

Question 29

The nuclear medicine acquisition matrix

A)uses smaller matrices for high count studies such as with the heart.
B)is fixed regardless of the anatomy being studied due to the collimator geometry.
C)produces higher resolution images than digital radiography.
D)is always square due to the shape of the detector crystal.

Question 30

The nuclear medicine device used to determine the location and activity of a possible radionuclide spill is a/an

A)dose calibrator.
B)uptake probe.
C)Geiger-Mueller counter.
D)well counter.

Question 31

All of the following are methods of nuclear image acquisition EXCEPT

A)dynamic, gated imaging.
B)SPECT.
C)radiofluoroscopic.
D)planar.

Question 32

The radionuclide emission used for most all nuclear diagnostic studies is

A)x-rays.
B)beta particles.
C)gamma photons.
D)alpha particles.

Question 33

During a nuclear study, gamma emissions from the patient are intercepted by the gamma camera crystal.The energy of the gamma photons is

A)converted to very low energy light.
B)ultimately converted to electrons that are amplified by photomultiplier tubes.
C)both a and b
D)none of the above

Question 34

In terms of the regulation of radionuclides and nuclear medicine facility, if a particular state conducts the inspections and enforces the NRC regulations in place of the NRC, the state is considered a/an

A)compliant state.
B)coop - state.
C)agreement state.
D)NRC dependent state.

Question 35

Hybrid PET/CT and SPECT/CT scanners offer tremendous clinical utility as a result of

A)the fusion of high-resolution CT images with PET images showing functionality.
B)the integration of CT images with the planar images from the gamma camera.
C)no motion and contrast agent artifacts.
D)none of the above

Question 36

Match the following choices with the corresponding statements as each relates to radionuclide imaging.
relies upon coincidence detection

A)hot lab
B)MUGA
C)alpha emission
D)NRC
E)bone scan
F)elution
G)gamma emission
H)V/Q scan
I)PET scanning
J)wipe testing
K)beta emission
L)uptake probe

Question 37

Gamma camera collimators

A)function much like x-ray beam collimators.
B)have thousands of holes in them, each one twenty times longer than its individual diameter.
C)function much like radiographic grids in their selectivity.
D)are single in design and universal in functionality.

Question 38

The Anger logic circuit in the gamma camera system

A)ensures the final image data point matches its spatial orientation of origin.
B)performs output analysis of the data from the camera.
C)has a 5% accuracy with the precision of data points.
D)all of the above

Question 39

For nuclear medicine personnel, the greatest source of occupational exposure to radiation comes from the

A)hot lab.
B)gamma camera.
C)injected patient.
D)radionuclide waste container.

Question 40

The scintillation crystal in an Anger camera is

A)calcium tungstate.
B)sodium iodide.
C)sodium chloride-thalium activated.
D)amorphous selenium.

Question 41

Match the following choices with the corresponding statements as each relates to radionuclide imaging.
used to measure radioactive iodine concentration in thyroid gland

A)hot lab
B)MUGA
C)alpha emission
D)NRC
E)bone scan
F)elution
G)gamma emission
H)V/Q scan
I)PET scanning
J)wipe testing
K)beta emission
L)uptake probe

Question 42

Match the following choices with the corresponding statements as each relates to radionuclide imaging.
used to detect old fractures, osteomyelitis, etc.

A)hot lab
B)MUGA
C)alpha emission
D)NRC
E)bone scan
F)elution
G)gamma emission
H)V/Q scan
I)PET scanning
J)wipe testing
K)beta emission
L)uptake probe

Question 43

Match the following choices with the corresponding statements as each relates to radionuclide imaging.
performed to evaluate heart functionality

A)hot lab
B)MUGA
C)alpha emission
D)NRC
E)bone scan
F)elution
G)gamma emission
H)V/Q scan
I)PET scanning
J)wipe testing
K)beta emission
L)uptake probe

Question 44

Match the following choices with the corresponding statements as each relates to radionuclide imaging.
also known as a pulmonary function test

A)hot lab
B)MUGA
C)alpha emission
D)NRC
E)bone scan
F)elution
G)gamma emission
H)V/Q scan
I)PET scanning
J)wipe testing
K)beta emission
L)uptake probe

Question 45

Match the following choices with the corresponding statements as each relates to radionuclide imaging.
inspected daily with an area-survey meter for spills, contamination, etc.

A)hot lab
B)MUGA
C)alpha emission
D)NRC
E)bone scan
F)elution
G)gamma emission
H)V/Q scan
I)PET scanning
J)wipe testing
K)beta emission
L)uptake probe