Deck 10: Filtration

Question 1

The most common diagnostic x-ray beam filter material is

A)aluminum.
B)brass.
C)copper.
D)tin.

Answer 1

aluminum.

Question 2

Most of the inherent filtration of a typical x-ray equipment comes from the

A)dielectric oil.
B)window of the glass envelope.
C)Plexiglas collimator shadow plate.
D)collimator mirror.

Answer 2

window of the glass envelope.

Question 3

Beam filtration affects patient dose by

A)removing high-energy photons.
B)removing low-energy photons.
C)softening the beam.
D)converting beam electrons to photons.

Answer 3

removing low-energy photons.

Question 4

The amount of material that will reduce the intensity of the primary beam to one-half its original value is the

A)half-value layer.
B)radioactive half-life.
C)aluminum equivalency.
D)HVL/keV ratio.

Question 5

Filtration is the process of eliminating undesirable ____ by the insertion of absorbing materials into the primary beam.

A)high-energy x-ray photons
B)high-energy incident electrons
C)low-energy x-ray photons
D)low-energy incident electrons

Question 6

The half-value layer is typically expressed in

A)Kerma.
B)Gray (Gy).
C)Al/Eq.
D)Pb/Eq.

Question 7

Which of the following filtrations would result in the lowest entrance skin exposure to the patient?

A)1.0 Al/Eq
B)1.0 Pb/Eq
C)0.5 Al/Eq
D)0.5 Pb/Eq

Question 8

All filtration can be expressed in terms of the thickness of

A)HVL.
B)Pb/Eq.
C)Al/Eq.
D)Sn/Eq.

Question 9

Filtration permits the radiographer to ____ the photon emission spectrum into a more useful beam.

A)narrow
B)widen
C)soften
D)increase

Question 10

What term describes filtration that is part of the x-ray tube, the tube housing, and the collimation device?

A)total
B)added
C)inherent
D)compensating

Question 11

The problem of unequal subject radiographic density is solved by a

A)Thoraeus filter.
B)compensation filter.
C)K-edge filter.
D)grid.

Question 12

Which of the following is affected by half-layer value?

A)x-ray beam resolution
B)image size
C)focal spot length
D)patient skin exposure

Question 13

Which term best describes the filtration that occurs as the primary beam passes through the glass window of the x-ray tube?

A)total
B)inherent
C)added
D)scatter

Question 14

In general, low-energy x-ray photons

A)improve image quality by affecting contrast.
B)are absorbed by the image receptor.
C)penetrate the patient and detector.
D)are absorbed by the patient.

Question 15

Beam filtration does what to patient dose?

A)It has no effect on patient dose.
B)It increases patient dose.
C)It decreases patient dose.
D)It increases patient dose by the square of the filter thickness.

Question 16

If the half-value layer of diagnostic radiographic equipment is too low, it may be corrected by

A)increasing the primary beam filtration.
B)decreasing the primary beam filtration.
C)decreasing the kVp.
D)increasing the mAs.

Question 17

The collimator device is considered part of the ____ filtration.

A)inherent
B)compensation
C)added
D)primary

Question 18

Which of the following are considered filter media as the beam traverses toward the patient?

A)glass
B)dielectric oil
C)aluminum
D)all of the above

Question 19

A Thoraeus filter combines all of the following materials EXCEPT

A)silver.
B)copper.
C)tin.
D)aluminum.

Question 20

How many half-value layers must be added to the primary beam to reduce its intensity to less than 20 percent of its original value?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 21

Match the choices below with the statements as they relate to beam filtration.
mammography tube window material

A)compound filter
B)added
C)Thoraeus filter
D)trough filter
E)beryllium
F)aluminum
G)HVL
H)keV
I)1.5 mm aluminum minimum filtration
J)2.5 mm Al

Question 22

Match the choices below with the statements as they relate to beam filtration.
radiotherapy filter

A)compound filter
B)added
C)Thoraeus filter
D)trough filter
E)beryllium
F)aluminum
G)HVL
H)keV
I)1.5 mm aluminum minimum filtration
J)2.5 mm Al

Question 23

A compensating wedge filter would be appropriate for

A)PA hand radiography.
B)AP shoulder radiography.
C)AP foot radiography.
D)AP cervical spine radiography.

Question 24

Match the choices below with the statements as they relate to beam filtration.
a type of compensating filter

A)compound filter
B)added
C)Thoraeus filter
D)trough filter
E)beryllium
F)aluminum
G)HVL
H)keV
I)1.5 mm aluminum minimum filtration
J)2.5 mm Al

Question 25

Match the choices below with the statements as they relate to beam filtration.
unit of overall x-ray beam quality

A)compound filter
B)added
C)Thoraeus filter
D)trough filter
E)beryllium
F)aluminum
G)HVL
H)keV
I)1.5 mm aluminum minimum filtration
J)2.5 mm Al

Question 26

Match the choices below with the statements as they relate to beam filtration.
expression of photon energy

A)compound filter
B)added
C)Thoraeus filter
D)trough filter
E)beryllium
F)aluminum
G)HVL
H)keV
I)1.5 mm aluminum minimum filtration
J)2.5 mm Al

Question 27

Which one of the following compensating filters is used most commonly in radiography of the femur?

A)K-edge
B)wedge
C)trough
D)Thoraeus

Question 28

When filtration is ____, technical factors must be ____ to maintain the same density.

A)increased; increased
B)decreased; decreased
C)increased; decreased
D)decreased; increased

Question 29

Match the choices below with the statements as they relate to beam filtration.
K-edge filter

A)compound filter
B)added
C)Thoraeus filter
D)trough filter
E)beryllium
F)aluminum
G)HVL
H)keV
I)1.5 mm aluminum minimum filtration
J)2.5 mm Al

Question 30

For an x-ray beam operated at 90 kVp, the required minimum filtration must be

A)0.7 mm Al/Eq inherent plus 1.0 mm Al/Eq added.
B)1.0 mm Al/Eq inherent plus 1.5 mm Al/Eq added.
C)0.5 mm Al/Eq inherent plus 1.0 mm Al/Eq added.
D)none of the above

Question 31

When comparing two x-ray beams, one at 60 kVp and another at 85 kVp,

A)adding aluminum to the 60 kVp beam greatly reduces the skin dose to the patient.
B)the 85 kVp beam will offer a lower entrance skin exposure.
C)adding 0.5 mm of aluminum to the 85 kVp beam will require no additional mAs in order to maintain beam intensity.
D)all of the above

Question 32

For an x-ray beam operated at 80 kVp,

A)the HVL should be 3.8 mm of Al.
B)a lower HVL is necessary.
C)the beam is harder than a 60 kVp beam.
D)adding filtration will increase patient dose.

Question 33

Which one of these statements is true?

A)The thickest portion of the wedge filter is placed over the densest part of the patient.
B)The thickest portion of the wedge filter is placed over the less dense part of the patient.
C)The thinnest portion of the wedge filter is placed over the less dense part of the patient.
D)A Thoraeus filter is recommended for radiography of very thick body parts..

Question 34

Match the choices below with the statements as they relate to beam filtration.
filtration other than inherent

A)compound filter
B)added
C)Thoraeus filter
D)trough filter
E)beryllium
F)aluminum
G)HVL
H)keV
I)1.5 mm aluminum minimum filtration
J)2.5 mm Al

Question 35

For mammography tubes, ________ is inserted into the window of the tube.

A)beryllium
B)very thin aluminum
C)molybdenum
D)graphite

Question 36

All of the following are true of K-edge filters EXCEPT

A)They are also called compound filters.
B)Copper and aluminum are the materials of choice.
C)They rely on photoelectric interactions and the production of characteristic radiation.
D)The x-ray beam traverses aluminum first, followed by the copper layer.

Question 37

Match the choices below with the statements as they relate to beam filtration.
tubes operated at 60 kVp

A)compound filter
B)added
C)Thoraeus filter
D)trough filter
E)beryllium
F)aluminum
G)HVL
H)keV
I)1.5 mm aluminum minimum filtration
J)2.5 mm Al

Question 38

Total beam filtration is equal to the sum of ____ filtration.

A)added and compensating
B)inherent and compensating
C)compound and compensating
D)inherent and added