Deck 23: Abdominal, Hematologic, Gynecologic, Genitourinary, and Renal Emergencies

Question 1

Which of the following conditions would the EMT recognize as an acute abdominal emergency?

A) Inflammation of the lower portion of the right lung
B) Swelling of the brain and spinal cord
C) Infection of the lining surrounding the heart
D) Rupture of the bladder

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A female patient has developed bacterial peritonitis after sustaining blunt trauma to the abdomen. Damage to what organ was most likely responsible for this condition?

A) Spleen
B) Small intestine
C) Liver
D) Ovary

Answer 2

B

Question 3

You have been called to transfer a male patient from an outpatient clinic to the hospital. The patient has been diagnosed with peritonitis and requires transport to the hospital for definitive care. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize which of the following as true?

A) The lining of the patient's abdominal cavity is inflamed.
B) The patient's kidneys and pancreas are infected.
C) The patient is actively hemorrhaging and requires blood.
D) The abdominal aorta is inflamed and in danger of rupture.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The EMT has an accurate understanding of the solid organs contained within the abdomen when she states:

A) "Solid organs contain less blood than hollow organs, but will still bleed if injured."
B) "Solid organs like the gallbladder are covered by a thick fibrous capsule."
C) "Solid organs describe structures in the abdomen that breakdown and absorb nutrients into the blood."
D) "Solid organs are very vascular and may bleed excessively if injured."

Question 5

The pancreas would best be described as a(n) ________ organ.

A) absorption
B) hollow
C) solid
D) fluid-filled

Question 6

A patient complains of severe and sharp pain to the right lower abdominal quadrant. Based on location, what organ or structure is most likely involved?

A) Liver
B) Kidney
C) Spleen
D) Appendix

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of the stomach?

A) A vascular abdominal organ that filters nutrients from the blood
B) A hollow organ that allows the absorption of nutrients
C) A vascular organ that regulates the balance of water in the body
D) A hollow organ that secretes digestive enzymes and fluids

Question 8

The EMT would recognize which of the following patients as suffering from an acute abdomen?

A) 71-year-old female in respiratory distress and complaining of nausea
B) 37-year-old male with history of drug abuse and liver disease
C) 62-year-old male with no medical history with sudden pain to the lower abdomen
D) 17-year-old female pregnant with twins whose delivery date is next month

Question 9

After performing a Markle test on a 31-year-old female with abdominal pain, she locates pain to her left lower quadrant. How would the EMT interpret this result?

A) A positive result indicating appendicitis as the cause of the patient's pain
B) Additional evidence that the patient is suffering from peritonitis
C) A negative result indicating that the patient's condition is not life-threatening
D) Realization that the gallbladder is the cause of the patient's discomfort

Question 10

The EMT understands the major function of most organs in the abdomen when he states:

A) "The major function of the organs in the abdominal cavity is digestion."
B) "The basic function of the abdominal organs is the storage of fat for reserve energy."
C) "The primary role of the organs in the abdominal cavity is the absorption of oxygen."
D) "The fundamental role of the organs in the abdomen is the cleansing and filtering of blood."

Question 11

If a patient has a retroperitoneal infection, what organ could be involved?

A) Bladder
B) Kidney
C) Gallbladder
D) Small intestine

Question 12

When palpating the anterior portion of a patient's abdomen, you note tenderness to the left upper quadrant. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize that which organ may be involved?

A) Kidney
B) Gallbladder
C) Spleen
D) Liver

Question 13

A middle-aged female patient has dialed 911 for an abdominal emergency. On scene, she informs you she has a bad gallbladder and it has been increasingly bothering her, thus she needs transport to the hospital for further care. Your assessment reveals tenderness and mild discomfort to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. She also states that her right shoulder is aching. Given the patient's complaint, the EMT would recognize the shoulder pain as:

A) referred pain.
B) false pain.
C) unrelated pain.
D) muscular pain.

Question 14

The spleen of a patient has ruptured. Because it is a solid organ, the EMT recognizes that the primary threat to life is:

A) blood loss.
B) pain.
C) infection.
D) inflammation.

Question 15

A patient informs you that he has had a section of his small intestine removed due to cancer. You recognize that with the removal of small intestine, the patient is less able to:

A) digest food.
B) absorb nutrients.
C) secrete insulin.
D) break down fats.

Question 16

Which of the following statements made by the patient would most likely be associated with parietal or somatic pain?

A) "I feel as though I have to throw up but can't."
B) "It seems to hurt all over my belly and back."
C) "It really hurts right here."
D) "The pain seems to be dull and achy."

Question 17

The EMT has an accurate understanding of acute abdominal pain when he states:

A) "Abdominal pain is more of an emergency when the patient has a medical history related to the abdominal organs."
B) "If the abdominal pain is not sharp in nature, it is most likely not a life-threatening condition."
C) "Sometimes the cause of abdominal pain will be obvious, but most often the cause will not be that apparent."
D) "If the patient complains of 'crampy' or colicky pain, the EMT should suspect that a solid organ has ruptured and is bleeding."

Question 18

You have been called for a patient with abdominal pain. The patient states that he recently had his gallbladder removed. As an EMT, you realize that:

A) his ability to digest fats is impaired.
B) he cannot filter blood normally.
C) his ability to absorb nutrients is decreased.
D) he has a more difficult time urinating.

Question 19

The EMT knows that the abdomen is located:

A) between the diaphragm and top of the pelvis.
B) from the mid-chest to the umbilicus.
C) between the nipple line and coccyx of the spine.
D) from the bottom of the rib cage to the pelvis.

Question 20

Your partner is performing the Markle (heel drop) test on a patient complaining of abdominal pain. Which of the following instructions provided to the patient indicates that she is performing the test correctly?

A) "Please raise each leg one at a time. I will need to know if you feel any pain, especially in your heels."
B) "I am going to gently press inward on your belly and then quickly release the pressure."
C) "I am going to press on your belly with my hands. Please tell me if you suddenly feel pain in your ankles."
D) "I need you to stand on the tips of your toes, then on my command drop onto your heels."

Question 21

You have completed the initial assessment on a 62-year-old male complaining of the sudden onset of epigastric pain. His airway is patent, his breathing is fast but adequate, and his radial pulse is weak and thready. His pulse rate is 124 beats per minute and his skin is cool and moist to the touch. Your next action would be to:

A) obtain a blood pressure in both arms.
B) perform a secondary assessment.
C) place the patient on the stretcher and move him to the ambulance.
D) apply supplemental oxygen.

Question 22

When he enters the room of a 62-year-old female with an unknown medical complaint, which of the following clues observed during the scene size-up would most increase the EMT's suspicion that the patient is suffering from an acute abdominal condition?

A) The patient is in her nightgown and the air conditioning on "high."
B) A portable commode is next to the bed.
C) The patient is lying on her side with her knees drawn to her chest.
D) The patient is wearing a nasal cannula attached to oxygen at 2 lpm.

Question 23

A 42-year-old female is crying and she states that she has sharp abdominal pain that she localizes to her right lower quadrant. When assessing the patient's abdomen, the EMT would:

A) start palpating in the left upper quadrant.
B) avoid palpating the entire abdomen.
C) start palpating in the right lower quadrant.
D) avoid palpating the right lower quadrant.

Question 24

Assessment of a 21-year-old female reveals her to have severe abdominal pain localized to the right upper quadrant. She is alert and oriented and her vital signs are stable. After placing her supine on the stretcher, she quickly assumes a lateral recumbent position with her knees drawn up to her chest. Which response from the EMT would be appropriate?

A) "It would be best if you stay on your back. That position will help decrease the pain."
B) "You can stay on your side, but I will need you to keep your legs straight. That will help decrease the pain."
C) "I need you to stay on your back and with your head up. If you vomit, that will prevent you from aspirating."
D) "Are you comfortable in that position? If you are, you should stay on your side."

Question 25

During transport, a 27-year-old female drug addict with acute abdominal pain tells you that she is scared and starts crying. Your best response would be:

A) "Don't worry, there is probably nothing wrong. My guess is that you probably ate something bad."
B) "I know that you are in pain. We are 5 minutes from the hospital and I have already called the doctor. They will be prepared for us."
C) "This probably has something to do with the drugs you are on. It is very important that you quit."
D) "There is nothing more I can do since we are not allowed to give medications for pain. Let's just see what happens at the hospital."

Question 26

While assessing a patient with acute abdominal pain, you note that his abdomen is very rigid. When asked to relax his stomach muscles, he does. The EMT would recognize:

A) voluntary guarding.
B) rebound guarding.
C) false guarding.
D) involuntary guarding.

Question 27

You have been dispatched for a patient with abdominal pain. On scene you find the patient lying supine complaining of severe pain to his lower abdomen. He is pale and has a look of distress on his face. Which of the following actions would the EMT do first?

A) Inspect the abdomen.
B) Obtain a blood pressure.
C) Palpate the abdomen.
D) Check the pulse.

Question 28

Which of the following assessment findings is of most concern regarding a 36-year-old male with severe abdominal pain?

A) Blood pressure of 90/64 mmHg
B) Respiratory rate of 22 breaths per minute
C) Heart rate of 96 beats per minute
D) Tenderness to the right upper quadrant

Question 29

Which of the following assessment findings on a patient complaining of abdominal and back pain would the EMT be most concerned about?

A) Surgical scar in the right upper quadrant
B) Pulsating mass above the umbilicus
C) History of gallbladder disease
D) Increased bowel sounds associated with diarrhea

Question 30

You are providing continuing education for a group of EMTs. The topic is acute abdominal pain. What point would you stress when discussing the EMT's treatment of the patient with acute abdominal pain?

A) The EMT can provide more appropriate care for the patient if he or she is able to identify the cause of the abdominal pain.
B) It is okay to spend extended time on scene if working to identify the exact cause of the abdominal pain.
C) Patients complaining of nausea and vomiting without pain rarely have life-threatening conditions and can go to the hospital by private vehicle.
D) Definitive care for patients with abdominal pain is hospital evaluation and possible surgical intervention.

Question 31

Which statement indicates that the EMT correctly understands the goal of assessing a patient with abdominal pain?

A) "It is important to determine if the liver is the cause of pain, since that is the most life-threatening condition."
B) "If the patient has tenderness on palpation of the abdomen, the EMT should assume bleeding as the cause."
C) "It is more important to recognize a possible abdominal emergency as opposed to determining the exact cause."
D) "To appropriately treat the patient, the EMT must identify the exact cause of the patient's pain."

Question 32

A patient with a history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding is complaining of weakness and abdominal pain. He informs you that he vomited 5 minutes before you arrived. Which of the following questions is it most important that the EMT ask first regarding the vomit?

A) "Did you eat anything that made you vomit?"
B) "Are you allergic to any foods or medications?"
C) "Did you take an antacid over the past 24 hours?"
D) "Was the vomit red or did it look like coffee grounds?"

Question 33

An alert but confused patient called 911 with the complaint of abdominal pain. Assessment reveals her to be nauseated with pain that she localizes to the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. She states that she was not able to take her blood pressure medication this morning and wants to take it now with a small glass of juice. You would:

A) allow her to take the medication with juice.
B) crush the medication and mix it in a small amount of water.
C) tell her that she should not take her medication or drink juice.
D) provide her some water instead of juice to take with her medications.

Question 34

Your medical director is providing an in-service on abdominal pain. He states there are several different categories of pain and asks if anyone can identify and describe visceral pain. Which response made by the EMT would be correct?

A) "Visceral pain is typically described as 'sharp' and occurs when a hollow organ has become infected."
B) "The exact site of visceral pain is easily located by the patient and is typically associated with nausea and vomiting."
C) "Visceral pain occurs when the peritoneum lining the abdomen becomes infected and causes a rapid increase in body temperature."
D) "A patient with visceral pain typically describes the pain as 'aching' and has a hard time identifying its exact location."

Question 35

While you are transporting a 44-year-old female with abdominal pain in a low Fowler's position, she starts to vomit. Your immediate action would be to:

A) examine the vomit for blood.
B) palpate her abdomen.
C) place her in a left lateral recumbent position.
D) place some vomit in a specimen bag for the hospital.

Question 36

On arrival for a patient with severe abdominal pain, an Emergency Medical Responder tells you that he is concerned because the blood pressure they obtained was 146/88 mmHg and the patient states no history of high blood pressure. He states that it may be a good idea to treat the patient for hypertension as well as the abdominal pain. Your best response would be:

A) "Thank you, you are right. We will call for ALS assistance right away."
B) "That is concerning. We will have to see if anyone has blood pressure pills the patient can take."
C) "Sometimes pain can naturally increase the blood pressure. I will take another reading so we can compare."
D) "If he does not have a history of hypertension, then we will have to transport using lights and sirens."

Question 37

When an EMT is inspecting the abdomen of a patient with pain to his right upper quadrant, it appears large and possibly distended. To determine if it is indeed distended, the EMT would ask:

A) "Do you feel sick to your stomach?"
B) "Is your belly normally this size?"
C) "Are you allergic to any medications?"
D) "Did you eat spicy food last night?"

Question 38

You are called to a long-term care facility for a patient with abdominal pain. On location, you find an 81-year-old female who staff said complained of abdominal pain and then began to vomit several times. The patient has advanced dementia and is confused and lethargic, which staff says is her normal status. Assessment reveals her to be confused, breathing 22 times a minute with a pulse rate of 88 beats per minute. Her blood pressure is 118/68 mmHg and she has an SpO₂ of 97 percent on room air. Staff states that her temperature is 100.8°F and she did not get her medication for dementia today. When treating and transporting this patient, which of the following represents the EMT's greatest concern?

A) Risk for vomiting
B) Temperature of 100.8°F
C) Respiratory rate of 22 per minute
D) Not getting her anti-dementia medications

Question 39

When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you note that his abdomen feels rigid. Which of the following would the EMT do next?

A) Ask the patient to take a deep breath and re-palpate the rigid area.
B) Note that the patient has guarding and obtain a blood pressure.
C) Gently massage the abdominal muscles until they relax.
D) Increase the pressure of palpation until the rigid muscles relax.

Question 40

Which of the following assessment findings would increase the EMT's suspicion of a gastrointestinal bleed?

A) Sudden onset of constipation
B) Watery and foul-smelling diarrhea
C) Black semiformed stool
D) Sharp left lower quadrant pain

Question 41

A patient informs you that he was recently diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). He states that the surgeon did not want to operate on it immediately because he felt it was stable and not worth the risks that surgery posed. Tonight the patient states that he suddenly developed abdominal pain and wants to be evaluated in the hospital to see if the AAA has increased in size. Given this history, which of the following assessment findings would cause the EMT to suspect that the AAA is the cause of the abdominal pain?

A) "Tearing" pain located to the back
B) Temperature of 101°F
C) Pain that subsides when the patient lies still
D) Inability to urinate

Question 42

A 26-year-old female is complaining of abdominal pain. She states that the pain is generalized to her abdomen and worsens when walking. She also tells you that she is having a foul-smelling, yellow-colored vaginal discharge. The primary assessment reveals no threats to the airway, breathing, or circulation. Her vital signs are: pulse 104, respirations 16, blood pressure 108/60, and oral temperature of 102.1∘F. She finished her last menstrual period three days ago. As such, you would treat her for what condition?

A) Ovarian cyst
B) Pelvic inflammatory disease
C) Ectopic pregnancy
D) Mittelschmerz

Question 43

A patient who has just been raped states that she will not go with you to the hospital until she showers and cleans herself up. As an EMT, you would make which of the following statements:

A) "You may shower, but you must then go with us to the emergency department."
B) "If you shower, you will destroy evidence needed to identify the rapist."
C) "Instead of showering, I will clean the wounds with sterile water on the way to the hospital."
D) Showering will only delay the care that you can get at the hospital, including medications for pain."

Question 44

You have been dispatched for a male patient who is "sick." While enroute, Emergency Medical Responders inform you that the patient has esophageal varices, which appear to have ruptured. You would inform your partner to prepare what materials or piece of equipment?

A) Automated external defibrillator
B) Suction machine
C) Trauma dressings
D) Long spinal board

Question 45

While performing the secondary assessment on a patient's abdomen, you note a pulsating mass just above the umbilicus. Your next action would be to:

A) increase pressure of palpation to determine pain to deep organs.
B) check the blood pressure in both arms.
C) determine the exact size of the pulsating mass.
D) palpate the remainder of the abdomen gently.

Question 46

You are transporting a visibly upset female who was raped after she let a male stranger into her house. When questioning the patient, which of the following would be appropriate for the EMT to ask?

A) "Why would you let someone in your house you did not know?"
B) "Do you have any history of a sexually transmitted disease?"
C) "Have you ever been sexually assaulted or raped before?"
D) "Please tell me exactly where you are hurting."

Question 47

You suspect a patient with right lower quadrant pain may have appendicitis. The patient states that he has no health insurance and wants to refuse care and transport. He asks you what can happen if it is appendicitis and he does not go to the hospital. You would reply:

A) "Your appendix could rupture, causing a major infection and shock."
B) "The inflammation of the appendix will gradually subside, but in the meantime, the pain will be terrible."
C) "If you do not get care, blood may clot in the intestine causing an obstruction."
D) "The pain will most likely subside in a few hours. You may want to try an anti-inflammatory like Motrin."

Question 48

Pelvic inflammatory disease is best described as a(n):

A) infection of the female reproductive organs.
B) ovarian cyst that has ruptured.
C) particularly painful menstrual period.
D) pain experienced as a female ovulates.

Question 49

For a normal pregnancy, within what structure must the sperm and egg come together for fertilization?

A) Ovary
B) Fallopian tube
C) Vagina
D) Upper uterus

Question 50

When you are obtaining information for the medical history, which of the following items would be significant for a patient with suspected cholecystitis?

A) Start of a new medication for high blood pressure
B) History of recent unexplained weight loss
C) Abstinence from alcohol over the past six months
D) Fried chicken and potato salad for dinner

Question 51

A patient states that after dinner, she suddenly developed right upper quadrant abdominal pain that radiated to her shoulder. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize this characteristic pain pattern as most suggestive of:

A) urinary tract infection.
B) gallbladder inflammation.
C) intestinal obstruction.
D) gastric ulcer.

Question 52

A 56-year-old male informs you that he has gastric ulcers. He states that he has had them for several months, but just recently the pain has been steadily increasing. If the cause of the abdominal pain is the gastric ulcers, how would you expect him to describe the pain?

A) Stabbing pain that radiates into both legs
B) Sharp pain near the umbilicus that radiates to the right lower quadrant
C) Burning pain located to the left upper quadrant
D) Achy pain occurring all throughout the abdomen

Question 53

Which of the following statements made by a female patient would make the EMT highly suspicious of mittelschmerz?

A) "I had some sharp belly pain but it seems to be going away now."
B) "My menstrual flow seems heavier than normal."
C) "I finished my period yesterday and now I am nauseated."
D) "It seems that I have had a yellow vaginal discharge for two days."

Question 54

A 38-year-old female was violently raped. The patient is conscious, upset, and actively bleeding from the vaginal canal. As an EMT, your best care would involve:

A) cleansing the vaginal area to prevent infection.
B) carefully placing a sterile dressing into the vagina to control the hemorrhage.
C) applying a bulky dressing and gentle pressure to the external genitalia.
D) avoiding physical contact with the vaginal area so not to destroy evidence.

Question 55

You have been dispatched for a patient with severe abdominal pain. On scene, a 57-year-old male informs you that he has a past medical history of chronic pancreatitis, which has "flared up." Which of the following precipitating factors would the EMT identify as the most likely cause of the exacerbation?

A) Recent upper respiratory infection
B) Consumption of eight beers this afternoon
C) Dehydration after working outside for several hours
D) Use of antibiotic medication for a respiratory infection

Question 56

Which statement regarding abdominal pain would lead the EMT to suspect appendicitis?

A) "The stabbing pain started in the right side of my belly and spread up into my stomach."
B) "I had back pain for about a week, and now the pain is all throughout my belly."
C) "The pain started around my belly button and slowly spread down to the right side of my belly."
D) "The pain comes and goes and is more noticeable on the left side of my stomach."

Question 57

You have been called for a 31-year-old male who experienced sudden left lower quadrant pain while lifting and moving a friend's couch to an upstairs bedroom. The EMT would recognize this history as suggestive of what type of abdominal injury?

A) Cholecystitis
B) Appendicitis
C) Aortic aneurysm
D) Hernia

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true concerning the functions of the vagina?

A) The vagina allows for the passage of a baby during delivery and the outlet of urine from the bladder.
B) The vagina permits the outflow of menstrual blood as well as the site of fertilization between egg and sperm.
C) The vagina serves as a passage for the fetus during delivery as well as an outlet for blood during menstruation.
D) The vagina allows for the excretion of urine from the bladder along with accommodation of the penis during intercourse.

Question 59

When obtaining a medical history from a female patient with abdominal pain, she tells you that she suffers from endometriosis. As an EMT, you know that this condition describes:

A) infection of the uterine lining.
B) bacterial infection of the bladder.
C) infection of the ovaries and/or fallopian tubes.
D) endometrial tissue located outside of the uterus.

Question 60

The primary assessment of a 27-year-old female who has been raped reveals no life threats to the airway, breathing, or circulation. The patient complains of pain in the vaginal area, but a focused assessment of her genitalia indicates no remarkable findings. When caring for this patient, which of the following statements would be most therapeutic for the patient?

A) "Please be assured that you are safe from harm here in the ambulance."
B) "I know that this is difficult, but you will need to be tested for HIV or other STDs."
C) "I need to look one more time at your genital area to see if there is any new bleeding."
D) "It may set you at ease to hear that in most cases, the attacker is apprehended by authorities."

Question 61

On scene, you have a 57-year-old female with profuse hemorrhage coming from her dialysis graft located on her left arm. To control the bleeding, you would immediately:

A) place a tourniquet over the graft.
B) apply direct pressure to the graft.
C) place a tourniquet above the graft.
D) avoid contact with the graft and transport.

Question 62

Assessment of a confused and lethargic patient with diabetes and renal failure reveals her to be lying in bed with notable significant edema to the face, torso, and extremities. Her respirations are extremely labored and associated with a "grunting" sound. Her airway is patent, radial pulse weak, and skin cool and diaphoretic with cyanosis noted to the fingers. Oxygen has been applied by Emergency Medical Responders (EMRs). Your next action would be to:

A) obtain vital signs.
B) sit the patient upright.
C) place a nasal airway.
D) check her blood glucose level.

Question 63

You are treating a woman with heavy vaginal bleeding. When estimating the blood loss, which of the following will be most useful to the EMT?

A) Length of time the patient has been bleeding
B) Total number of sanitary napkins used
C) If associated with abdominal pain the bleeding is considered heavy
D) Examination of the present color and rate of bleeding

Question 64

You are responding to a patient with a complication related to her chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Based on this description, the paramedic would anticipate which of the following?

A) Catheter placed in the neck
B) Dialysis port in the chest
C) Catheter placed in the abdomen
D) Dialysis graft in either arm

Question 65

You are by the side of a patient who states that he thinks he has a kidney stone. After assessing the patient, which of the following would force you to consider another cause of the patient's pain?

A) Blood in the urine
B) Frequent urge to urinate
C) Tearing pain in the abdomen
D) Flank pain that radiates into the groin

Question 66

A patient has a tumor that has compressed and obstructed her left ureter. Which of the following is true?

A) The bladder cannot be completely emptied.
B) The patient is more prone to urinary tract infections.
C) The kidneys are impaired in their ability to make urine.
D) The urine will back up into the left kidney.

Question 67

A patient suffering from a kidney stone would most likely have which of the following complaints?

A) "It hurts so bad!"
B) "My urine is bloody!"
C) "I can't stop peeing!"
D) "I am so nauseated!"

Question 68

A 44-year-old female states that she has a history of endometritis. As such, the EMT would recognize that the patient suffers from:

A) infection of the endometrial lining.
B) infection of the ovaries.
C) endometrial tissue that is growing outside of the uterus.
D) absence of a menstrual period.

Question 69

What condition would indicate an infection in the retroperitoneal portion of the abdomen?

A) Gastroenteritis
B) Hepatitis
C) Pancreatitis
D) Inflamed spleen

Question 70

You have been dispatched to a residence for a patient experiencing an exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis. Which of the following chief complaints do you anticipate the patient having?

A) Severe pain
B) Chronic diarrhea
C) Bloody stool
D) Altered mental status

Question 71

A patient with abdominal pain shows you black and loosely formed stool in the toilet. You would advise the hospital that the patient has:

A) melenic stool.
B) hematemesis.
C) bile-like stool.
D) hematochezia.

Question 72

The EMT understands that the most common cause of urinary tract infections is:

A) poor handwashing.
B) overuse of antibiotics.
C) frequent urination.
D) bacterial invasion.

Question 73

Which of the following complaints would raise the EMT's suspicion that a female patient has a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

A) Urinating constantly with associated great thirst
B) Pain in the back that spreads into the legs
C) Burning sensation every time she urinates
D) Vaginal discharge that is greenish in color

Question 74

Which of the following describes a female patient with a problem to her urinary system?

A) Infection of the fallopian tubes
B) Swelling of the ureter
C) Damage to the vaginal canal
D) Cancerous lesion to the ovary

Question 75

An EMR tells you that a patient has pain just above the umbilicus. You would document this as pain in the:

A) right lower quadrant.
B) hypogastric area.
C) left upper quadrant.
D) epigastric area.

Question 76

A patient with a history of frequent urinary tract infections (UTI) is complaining of lower abdominal pain and feels as though she has one again. Which of the following assessment findings would cause you to question the presence of a UTI?

A) Temperature of 101.3∘F
B) Vaginal bleeding
C) Flank pain
D) Cloudy urine

Question 77

The EMT would recognize that the pain associated with a kidney stone is caused by:

A) inability to empty the bladder of urine.
B) passage of the stone through the ureter.
C) infection of the bladder and ureter.
D) formation of the stone in the kidney.

Question 78

When transporting a weak, pale, and diaphoretic patient you believe to be suffering with a kidney stone, which of the following positions will you place the patient on the stretcher?

A) On the side of the pain
B) Recovery position
C) Prone position
D) Position of comfort

Question 79

In the human body, the urethra:

A) prevents urine from flowing back up and into the kidney.
B) passes urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
C) stores urine in the body until it can be eliminated.
D) refines the urine produced by the kidney.

Question 80

A 26-year-old female has called 911 because of lower abdominal pain. Your findings are consistent with a urinary tract infection. She has a history of urinary tract infections as well as asthma. Her vital signs are: pulse 116, respirations 14 and adequate, blood pressure 108/56, SpO₂ 99%, and temperature 101.6∘F. Which of the following would be the priority of care?

A) Nonemergent transport
B) Aspirin for fever control
C) Albuterol via her metered-dose inhaler
D) Advanced life support assistance