Deck 25: The Urinary System

Question 1

This term means the return of substances into the blood stream from the filtrate.

A)reabsorption
B)filtration
C)secretion
D)excretion
E)none of these choices

Answer 1

A

Question 2

This layer of filtration membrane is composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans in a glycoprotein matrix.

A)glomerular endothelial cells
B)basal lamina
C)pedicels
D)filtration slits
E)slit membrane

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances?

A)glomerular capsule
B)loop of Henle
C)ascending limb
D)collecting duct
E)proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which is the correct order of blood flow through the kidneys?

A)renal artery > segmental artery > interlobular artery > peritubular capillaries > afferent arterioles
B)interlobar arteries > arcuate arteries > glomerular capillaries > arcuate veins
C)arcuate veins > arcuate arteries > glomerular capillaries > renal vein
D)renal vein > segmental arteries > interlobar arteries > efferent arterioles
E)interlobar veins > afferent arterioles > efferent arterioles > glomerular capillaries

Question 5

An analysis of the physical,chemical,and microscopic properties of urine is called

A)urinalysis
B)filtration study
C)concentration study
D)diuretic
E)osmolarity

Question 6

Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys?

A)urea
B)glucose
C)insulin
D)cholesterol
E)carbon dioxide

Question 7

The portion of the kidney that extends between the renal pyramids is called the

A)renal columns
B)renal medulla
C)renal pelvis
D)calyces
E)renal papilla

Question 8

Urea recycling can cause a buildup of urea in the

A)renal capsule
B)loop of Henle
C)ascending tubule
D)renal medulla
E)renal pelvis

Question 9

This is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed filtrate.

A)reabsorption
B)filtration
C)secretion
D)excretion
E)none of these choices

Question 10

Increased secretion of hydrogen ions would result in a ______________ of blood ____________?

A)increase,pressure
B)decrease,volume
C)increase,sodium levels
D)decrease,pH
E)increase,urea

Question 11

This is smooth dense irregular connective tissue that is continuous with the outer coat of the ureter.

A)adipose capsule
B)renal capsule
C)renal hilus
D)renal cortex
E)renal medulla

Question 12

This occurs when a substance passes from the fluid in the tubular lumen through the apical membrane,across the cytosol,and then into the interstitial fluid.

A)paracellular reabsoprtion
B)transcellular reabsoprtion
C)apical reasborption
D)basolateral reabsorption
E)active transport

Question 13

Which is the correct order of filtrate flow?

A)glomerular capsule,proximal convoluted tubule (PCT),loop of Henle,distal convoluted tubule (DCT),collecting duct
B)loop of Henle,glomerular capsule,PCT,DCT,collecting duct
C)ascending limb of loop,PCT,DCT,collecting duct
D)collecting duct,DCT,PCT,collecting duct,glomerular capsule
E)PCT,glomerular capsule,DCT,collecting duct,loop of Henle

Question 14

This is the formation of a new glucose molecule.

A)glycolysis
B)gluconeogenesis
C)glucosamine
D)glucose
E)calcitriol

Question 15

This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood.

A)glomerular capsule
B)loop of Henle
C)ascending limb
D)collecting duct
E)renal corpuscle

Question 16

The proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb which percentage of filtered water?

A)25%
B)50%
C)65%
D)80%
E)99%

Question 17

Increased secretion of aldosterone would result in a ______________ of blood ____________?

A)increase,potassium
B)decrease,volume
C)increase,calcium levels
D)decrease,pH
E)increase,sodium

Question 18

Which is not a major function of the kidney?

A)regulation of blood ionic composition
B)regulation of blood cell size
C)regulation of blood volume
D)regulation of blood pressure
E)regulation of blood pH

Question 19

This occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in afferent arterioles.

A)glomerular filtration rate
B)tubulomerular feedback
C)myogenic mechanism
D)renal autoregulation
E)capsular hydrostatic pressure

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a way angiotensin II affects the kidneys?

A)It increases GFR
B)It can decrease GFR
C)It enhances reabsorption of certain ions
D)It stimulates the release of aldosterone
E)None of these choices

Question 21

This layer runs deep to the peritoneum on the anterior surface of the kidneys.

A)A
B)B
C)C

Question 22

Water accounts for which percentage of the total volume of urine?

A)25%
B)50%
C)75%
D)80%
E)95%

Question 23

This transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.

A)Urethra
B)Ureter
C)Descending loop of Henle
D)Renal hilus
E)None of these choices

Question 24

What two structures comprise the renal corpuscle?

A)A and B
B)C and D
C)E and F
D)K and L
E)N and O

Question 25

What is line "C" pointing to?

A)Distal convoluted tubule
B)Interlobular artery
C)Efferent arteriole
D)Arcuate artery
E)Corticomedullary junction

Question 26

This layer's main function is to protect the kidney from trauma and hold it in place within the abdominal cavity.

A)A
B)B
C)C

Question 27

Urine formed by the nephrons first drains into these.

A)H
B)I
C)J
D)K
E)L

Question 28

This lies in the anterior corner of the trigone of the bladder.

A)Urethral sphincter
B)Adventitia bundle
C)Ureter
D)Internal urethral orifice
E)Muscularis bundle

Question 29

Where is the corticomedullary junction?

A)G
B)J
C)M
D)N
E)O

Question 30

Where is the distal convoluted tubule?

A)D
B)E
C)J
D)K
E)L

Question 31

This can be divided into the cortical zone and the juxtamedullary zone.

A)A
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 32

Where is the arcuate vein?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 33

This structure is the apex of a renal pyramid.

A)E
B)D
C)G
D)K
E)L

Question 34

Where is the papillary duct?

A)C
B)F
C)H
D)N
E)O

Question 35

This layer of the ureter is composed of connective tissue,collagen and elastic fibers.

A)Mucosa
B)Transitional epithelium
C)Lamina propria
D)Adventitia
E)Lamina elastica

Question 36

What does line "M" point to?

A)Arcuate artery
B)Arcuate vein
C)Collecting duct
D)Descending loop
E)Efferent arteriole

Question 37

This is a test to measure kidney function.

A)Plasma creatinine
B)Renal study
C)Kidney assay
D)Dialysis
E)Hilus study

Question 38

This is composed of dense irregular tissue that runs continuous with the ureter.

A)A
B)B
C)C

Question 39

Where is the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

A)C
B)D
C)J
D)K
E)L

Question 40

Each kidney can have anywhere from 8 to 18 of these.

A)I
B)J
C)K
D)L
E)H

Question 41

Describe the structural features of the renal corpuscle that enhance its blood filtering capacity.

Question 42

Which vessel in the diagram is the afferent arteriole?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)L

Question 43

Discuss the importance of countercurrent flow to the functioning of the nephron.

Question 44

Fluid flowing from point G in the figure will go to which structure next?

A)N
B)H
C)I
D)M
E)K

Question 45

Fluid flowing from point B in the figure will go to which of the following structures?

A)J
B)M
C)I
D)G
E)H

Question 46

Which vessel in the diagram is the arcuate artery?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)L

Question 47

Describe in detail how the renin angiotensin negative feedback loop helps regulate blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate in response to dehydration.

Question 48

Which vessel(s)in the diagram are the peritubular capillaries?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)M
E)L

Question 49

Which vessel in the diagram is the interlobular artery?

A)D
B)E
C)F
D)L

Question 50

Describe the flow of blood through the kidneys.

Question 51

Which vessel(s)in the diagram are the vasa recta?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)M
E)L

Question 52

Fluid flowing from point H in the figure will go to which structure next?

A)L
B)B
C)I
D)G
E)N

Question 53

What is line "C" pointing to?

A)Fenestration
B)Pedicel
C)Filtration slit
D)Basal lamina
E)Lumen of the glomerulus

Question 54

What is line "B" pointing to?

A)Fenestration
B)Pedicel
C)Filtration slit
D)Basal lamina
E)Lumen of the glomerulus

Question 55

An increase in permeability of the filtration membrane due to disease,injury,or irritation of kidney cells by substances such as bacterial toxins,ether,or heavy metals indicates which condition?

A)albuminuria
B)lucosuria
C)robilinogenuria
D)ketonuria
E)bilirubinuria

Question 56

What is line "D" pointing to?

A)Fenestration
B)Pedicel
C)Filtration slit
D)Basal lamina
E)Lumen of the glomerulus

Question 57

Trace the flow of a water molecule through the nephrons from the afferent arteriole to the minor calyx.

Question 58

Which vessel in the diagram is the interlobular vein?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)L

Question 59

What is line "A" pointing to?

A)Fenestration
B)Pedicel
C)Filtration slit
D)Basal lamina
E)Lumen of the glomerulus

Question 60

Fluid flowing from point N in the figure will go to which structure next?

A)G
B)H
C)C
D)B
E)K

Question 61

These are tiny masses of material,hardened in the lumen of the urinary tubule and are flushed out when filtrate builds up behind them:

A)ketone bodies
B)erythrocytes
C)casts
D)microbes
E)urobilinogen

Question 62

Candida albicans and E.coli are which type of abnormal constituent of urine:

A)ketone bodies
B)erythrocytes
C)casts
D)microbes
E)urobilinogen

Question 63

What is the normal volume of urine produced in humans?

A)1L / hr
B)2L / day
C)2L / hr
D)3L / week
E)10L / 24 hours

Question 64

Anorexia,starvation,or a diet too low in carbohydrates indicates which condition?

A)albuminuria
B)glucosuria
C)urobilinogenuria
D)ketonuria
E)bilirubinuria

Question 65

What is the normal specific gravity range of urine in humans?

A)2.350 - 3.700
B)0.002 - 1.000
C)4.6 - 8.0
D)1.001 - 1.035
E)1.04 - 2.60

Question 66

Briefly describe the role of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)in regulating the renal function.

Question 67

Which is the normal pH range of urine in humans?

A)8.1 - 10.6
B)4.6 - 8.0
C)1.0 - 3.0
D)3.1 - 4.0
E)10.0 - 12.0

Question 68

Excessive urine concentration of a normal breakdown product of hemoglobin,caused by pernicious anemia,infectious hepatitis,jaundice or cirrhosis,indicates which condition?

A)albuminuria
B)glucosuria
C)urobilinogenuria
D)hematuria
E)bilirubinuria

Question 69

Parasympathetic division of ANS regulates kidney functions.

Question 70

Consumption of salty food will cause an increase in this hormone.

A)Aldosterone
B)Renin
C)ANH
D)Angiotensin-II
E)ADH

Question 71

Stress,causing excessive amounts of epinephrine secretion which stimulates glycogen breakdown,indicates which condition? This condition can also indicate diabetes mellitus.

A)albuminuria
B)glucosuria
C)urobilinogenuria
D)hematuria
E)bilirubinuria

Question 72

Absence of angiotensin converting enzyme will lead to

A)decreased blood pressure
B)increased blood pressure
C)will not have any effect on blood pressure
D)All of these choices
E)None of these choices

Question 73

This hormone is released when the blood volume increases.

A)Parathyroid Hormone
B)Renin
C)ADH
D)Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
E)Aldosterone

Question 74

This substance gives bile its major pigmentation:

A)ketone bodies
B)erythrocytes
C)casts
D)bilirubin
E)glucose

Question 75

Discuss the three main pressures that affect glomerular filtration.