Question 1

During which time period do teratogens cause major developmental damage to organs?&#10;A)first week following fertilization&#10;B)first 2 months&#10;C)any time up to 6 months&#10;D)during labor and delivery

Accepted Answer

Teratogens are the environmental agents that interfere with the normal development of the fetus causing structural or functional abnormalities. During the first 2 months of pregnancy, the embryonic period is crucial when most of the organs and systems are being formed. Exposure to teratogens during this period can cause major developmental damage to organs. After the end of the second month, the fetal period begins, and the fetus will continue to grow and mature. While teratogens may still cause harm, the risk decreases after the first 2 months. Therefore, option B is the best choice as major developmental damage can occur during the first 2 months of pregnancy.

Question 2

Diagnosis of pregnancy is confirmed through elevated serum levels of:&#10;A)hCG&#10;B)progesterone&#10;C)AFP&#10;D)estrogen

Accepted Answer

Pregnancy is confirmed through the detection of elevated serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone produced by the developing placenta. Progesterone and estrogen levels also increase during pregnancy, but they are not specific to pregnancy and can be elevated in non-pregnant individuals. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are used to screen for fetal abnormalities, but are not a definitive confirmation of pregnancy.

Question 3

Which of the following is a serious potential complication of abruptio placentae indicated by low serum levels of clotting factors?&#10;A)severe hypertension&#10;B)disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)&#10;C)jaundice&#10;D)thromboembolism

Accepted Answer

Low serum levels of clotting factors may indicate disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which is a serious potential complication of abruptio placentae. DIC is a disorder characterized by abnormal clotting and bleeding tendencies throughout the body, which can lead to organ failure and death. Severe hypertension, jaundice, and thromboembolism are not specifically associated with low clotting factors in the context of abruptio placentae.

Question 4

Gestational diabetes in the mother usually results in:&#10;A)normal maternal blood glucose levels until the last month of pregnancy&#10;B)no further indication of diabetes mellitus following delivery&#10;C)delivery of a high birth-weight infant&#10;D)no additional complications for the infant or mother

Accepted Answer

Gestational diabetes can lead to macrosomia (large body size) in the infant due to high blood glucose levels in the mother crossing the placenta and stimulating fetal insulin production, resulting in excessive growth. This can increase the risk of complications during delivery, such as shoulder dystocia, and increase the likelihood of a cesarean section. Both the mother and infant are also at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Question 5

The term primigravida refers to:&#10;A)length of time since the first day of the last menstrual period&#10;B)a woman who is pregnant for the first time&#10;C)estimated date of delivery&#10;D)withdrawal of a small amount of amnionic fluid

Accepted Answer

Primigravida refers to a woman who is pregnant for the first time.

Question 6

What is the usual cause of hemolysis of fetal erythrocytes during pregnancy?&#10;A)The mother's blood is Rh negative and the fetus is Rh positive.&#10;B)The parents differ in blood type.&#10;C)The mother receives Rh immunoglobulin early in the second pregnancy.&#10;D)Fetal antibodies enter the maternal circulation.

Accepted Answer

Hemolysis of fetal erythrocytes during pregnancy is most commonly caused by the mother's blood being Rh negative and the fetus being Rh positive. This can occur if the mother has been sensitized to Rh antigens from a previous pregnancy, causing her immune system to produce antibodies that attack the Rh-positive fetal erythrocytes in subsequent pregnancies.

Question 7

Common effects of the expanding uterus during pregnancy include all the following EXCEPT:&#10;A)compression of the urinary bladder&#10;B)restricted inspiratory volume&#10;C)abdominal pain&#10;D)varicose veins

Accepted Answer

Abdominal pain is not a common effect of the expanding uterus itself; it may occur due to other pregnancy-related changes or conditions. The expanding uterus typically causes compression of the bladder, restricted inspiratory volume, and can contribute to varicose veins.

Question 8

Adolescent pregnancy is often considered high risk because of:&#10;A)inadequate prenatal care&#10;B)poor nutrition and lack of vitamin supplements&#10;C)iron deficiency anemia&#10;D)incomplete pelvic development&#10;E)All the above are correct.

Accepted Answer

Adolescent pregnancy is considered high risk due to all these factors - inadequate prenatal care, poor nutrition, iron deficiency anemia, and incomplete pelvic development. Pregnant teenagers often lack adequate knowledge about pregnancy and childbirth, and they are more likely to have uncontrolled chronic illness, like gestational diabetes, hypertension, and preeclampsia. Lack of proper care during pregnancy and birth can result in severe complications for both mother and baby. Adolescent mothers are at high risk of delivering preterm babies with low birth weight, which can have long-term adverse effects on the child's health and development.

Question 9

What is the usual time period between the first day of the last menstrual period and the time of birth? It is:&#10;A)38 weeks&#10;B)termed the gestation period&#10;C)referred to as gravidity&#10;D)the embryonic period

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the usual time period between...

Question 10

Place the following statements regarding Rh incompatibility in the correct sequence.Not all choices are included in each answer.
1)Hemolysis of fetal erythrocytes and anemia occur.
2)Maternal Rh-negative cells enter fetal blood.
3)Fetal Rh-positive cells enter maternal blood.
4)Elevated serum bilirubin levels develop in the fetus.
5)Antibodies to Rh-positive cells form in maternal blood.
6)Maternal Rh antibodies enter the fetal circulation.

A)3,1,4,6,5
B)6,2,4,3,5,1
C)3,5,6,1,4
D)2,3,6,1,4

Accepted Answer

The answer of Place the following statements regarding Rh incompatibility...

Question 11

Which of the following indicates development of pregnancy-induced hypertension?&#10;A)proteinuria,edema,and weight gain&#10;B)persistent blood pressure measuring above 140/90&#10;C)vaginal bleeding&#10;D)blood clots forming in the legs

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following indicates development of...

Question 12

What is the likely cause of painless,bright red,vaginal bleeding during the last trimester?&#10;A)ectopic pregnancy&#10;B)abruptio placentae&#10;C)disseminated intravascular coagulation&#10;D)placenta previa

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the likely cause of painless,bright...

Question 13

Which of the following statements apply to eclampsia?&#10;A)Elevated blood pressure returns to normal following delivery.&#10;B)Kidney and liver function remain normal.&#10;C)It commonly develops with ectopic pregnancies.&#10;D)Blood pressure is very high and seizures may occur.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements apply to...

Question 14

Edema and congestion normally develop in many tissues during pregnancy due to:&#10;A)reduced kidney function&#10;B)decreased serum albumin&#10;C)increased blood volume&#10;D)more sedentary lifestyle

Accepted Answer

The answer of Edema and congestion normally develop in many...

Deck 9: Potential Complications of Pregnancy