Deck 15: Environmental Hazards

Question 1

The term pica refers to:

A)the consumption of nonfood substances such as clay
B)diffuse edema and degeneration of neurons in the brain
C)particulates in the respiratory tract
D)high levels of mercury in the blood

Answer 1

the consumption of nonfood substances such as clay

Question 2

Which of the following is likely to result from lead poisoning?

A)damage to the brain and peripheral nerves
B)inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs
C)various cancers
D)displacement of oxygen from hemoglobin

Answer 2

damage to the brain and peripheral nerves

Question 3

The amount of radiation absorbed by the body is measured in rads,or _________?

A)radiation-absorbed doses
B)roentgen-absorbed doses
C)radiation-emission number
D)radiation ionizing rate

Answer 3

radiation-absorbed doses

Question 4

Bites and stings cause disease in three ways:

A)injection of toxins,transmission of infectious agents,or allergic reactions
B)high fever and chills,transmission of infectious agents,or nausea and vomiting
C)bone marrow damage,extensive skin rashes,or allergic reactions
D)injection of neurotoxins,transmission of infectious agents,or kidney damage

Question 5

Which statement applies to food poisoning?
1)It results from consuming contaminated food and water.
2)It often causes gastroenteritis,including vomiting and diarrhea.
3)Outbreaks occur frequently in institutions.
4)It is often caused by Escherichia coli,normally found in the stomach.

A)1,3
B)2,4
C)1,2,3
D)1,3,4

Question 6

A common illness for tourists in developing countries is "traveler's diarrhea," often caused by:

A)Salmonella
B)Shigella
C)E.coli
D)Listeria

Question 7

Which of the following is a potential effect of a bite or sting?

A)immediate heart failure
B)anaphylaxis
C)severe nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea
D)bone marrow damage

Question 8

Which of the following is considered carcinogenic?

A)lead
B)carbon monoxide
C)inhaled particulates
D)mercury

Question 9

Choose the correct effects of exposure of the ears to very cold temperatures:

A)loss of sensation
B)lethargy and confusion
C)vascular occlusions
D)a,b
E)a,c

Question 10

Inhalants can be:

A)a particulate such as asbestos
B)gaseous,such as sulfur dioxide
C)a solvent,such as benzene
D)a,c
E)a,b,c

Question 11

What is/are signs of hypothermia?

A)systemic vasodilation
B)lethargy and confusion
C)nausea and cramps
D)rapid but strong pulse

Question 12

Bites from both wild and domesticated animals may cause:

A)anaphylaxis
B)Shigella outbreaks
C)rabies
D)severe pain and headache

Question 13

Radiation damage may occur from repeated exposure to:

A)ultraviolet rays
B)X-rays
C)radioactive substances
D)a,c
E)a,b,c

Question 14

Which of the following types of cells are most likely to be damaged by exposure to radiation?

A)bone and cartilage
B)skeletal and smooth muscle
C)peripheral and central neurons
D)epithelial tissue and bone marrow

Question 15

During the development of hyperthermia,the state of heat exhaustion is indicated when:

A)body core temperature is very high
B)skeletal muscle spasms occur
C)hypovolemia and fainting occur
D)the cool-down process is too rapid

Question 16

Which of the following events would most likely cause a person to faint and experience difficulty breathing?

A)exposure to gamma rays
B)eating fish containing mercury
C)an insect sting
D)inhalation of asbestos particles

Question 17

Illness in institutions may be traced back to food handlers who:

A)are carriers of pathogens
B)do not practice adequate hand washing or sanitization
C)bring in pathogens from home or the community
D)b,c
E)a,b,c

Question 18

During the development of hyperthermia,the stage of heat exhaustion is marked by:

A)shock and coma
B)hypervolemia and headache
C)diaphoresis and decreasing body temperature
D)dizziness,fainting,and headache

Question 19

Institutions frequently have outbreaks of infection associated with poultry products contaminated by:

A)E.coli
B)Salmonella
C)Listeria
D)HIV