Deck 1: Nutrition: Linking Food and Health

Question 1

Which dietary standard,expressed as percentages of total energy,defines the recommended intake range for the macronutrients?

A) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
B) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
C) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
D) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following nutrients is organic?

A) sodium
B) iron
C) protein
D) water

Answer 2

C

Question 3

For dinner,Carol consumes 250 grams of carbohydrate,50 grams of protein,and 30 grams of fat.In addition,Carol decides that she wants a glass of wine with her meal.If she drinks one glass of wine containing 10 grams of alcohol,how many total kilocalories does she consume in this meal?

A) 340 kilocalories
B) 1,540 kilocalories
C) 1,806 kilocalories
D) 2,820 kilocalories

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Lauren's friend has recommended that she take a vitamin C supplement.Lauren is concerned about consuming too much of the supplement.Which of the following nutrient standards would assist her in determining the highest amount of the supplement that would be safe for her to consume?

A) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
B) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
C) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
D) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

Question 5

Which of the following nutrients is the MOST energy dense?

A) carbohydrate
B) fat
C) protein
D) vitamins

Question 6

Which statement is FALSE concerning the field of nutrition?

A) Nutrition is the study of how food nourishes the body.
B) Nutrition encompasses how we consume, digest, absorb, and store food.
C) Nutrition is an ancient science that dates back to the fourteenth century.
D) Nutrition involves studying the factors that influence eating patterns.

Question 7

Into what two groups are vitamins classified?

A) fat-soluble and water-soluble
B) organic and inorganic
C) nonnutritive and nutritive
D) trace and major

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic nutrient?

A) vitamin A (vitamin)
B) stearic acid (fat)
C) dietary fiber (carbohydrate)
D) calcium (mineral)

Question 9

Which of the following BEST describes minerals?

A) micronutrients that are broken down easily during digestion
B) micronutrients that are easily destroyed by heat and light
C) inorganic micronutrients found in a variety of foods
D) nutrients that are needed in large amounts by the body

Question 10

Proteins are NOT found in

A) meats, fish, and poultry.
B) dairy products.
C) seeds, nuts, and legumes.
D) water.

Question 11

Of the following nutrients,which contains nitrogen?

A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) lipids
D) water

Question 12

Which of the following chronic diseases is NOT strongly associated with dietary choices?

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) obesity
C) heart disease
D) type 2 diabetes

Question 13

The building blocks of proteins are called

A) fatty acids.
B) amino acids.
C) saccharides.
D) nitrogen fragments.

Question 14

Which of the following are examples of carbohydrate-rich foods?

A) butter and corn oil
B) beef and pork
C) wheat and lentils
D) bacon and eggs

Question 15

What is the primary source of fuel for the brain?

A) proteins
B) fats
C) carbohydrates
D) vitamins

Question 16

Which of the following nutrients are inorganic?

A) carbohydrates
B) fats
C) vitamins
D) minerals

Question 17

How many classes of nutrients are there?

A) three
B) four
C) six
D) eight

Question 18

Jane consumed a breakfast that contained 85 grams of carbohydrate,20 grams of protein,and 18 grams of fat.How many kilocalories did Jane eat at breakfast?

A) 123 kilocalories
B) 152 kilocalories
C) 582 kilocalories
D) 1,007 kilocalories

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a major function of dietary protein?

A) building new cells and tissues
B) repairing damaged structures
C) maintaining the structure and strength of bone
D) serving as a primary source of energy for the body

Question 20

An important source of energy for the body during times of rest and low-intensity exercise is

A) protein.
B) vitamins.
C) fat.
D) water.

Question 21

Which of the following describes the vitamins A,D,E,and K?

A) excess amounts are excreted via the urine
B) potentially toxic with excessive intake
C) soluble in water
D) not stored to any extent in the body

Question 22

What is the group given a specific treatment or intervention during an experiment called?

A) the experimental group
B) the control group
C) the double-blind group
D) the study population

Question 23

Which of the following is FALSE?

A) Fats are soluble in water.
B) Fats are an important energy source for our bodies at rest and during low-intensity exercise.
C) Fats are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
D) Fats yield more Calories per gram than carbohydrate or protein.

Question 24

The BRFSS is the government

A) survey that tracks lifestyle habits that increase risks for developing chronic diseases.
B) survey that tracks nutrition education programs in the United States.
C) agency that protects the health and safety of the American people.
D) agency that conducts medical research in the United States.

Question 25

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)collects dietary information of Americans by using a

A) website where individuals can self-report their dietary intake online.
B) personal interview and physical examination.
C) telephone survey.
D) written survey that collects information using a food likes and dislikes questionnaire.

Question 26

Inorganic nutrients that are NOT broken down by the human body or destroyed by heat or light are called

A) vitamins.
B) minerals.
C) proteins.
D) fats.

Question 27

Vitamin C and the B vitamins are

A) nonessential vitamins.
B) soluble in water.
C) readily stored in the body's tissues.
D) trace vitamins.

Question 28

Dr.Sullivan is conducting a clinical trial to determine if vitamin Z can improve test performance of students in an introductory college nutrition course.Dr.Sullivan puts all the student names in a hat and draws names to determine if they will be placed in the control or the experimental group.The experimental group receives a capsule of vitamin Z and the control group a "sugar pill" that tastes and looks identical to the vitamin Z capsule.Neither Dr.Sullivan nor the participants knows who is receiving which treatment.This experiment is BEST described as

A) single-blind, randomized.
B) placebo-controlled, self-selected.
C) placebo-controlled, single-blind, randomized.
D) placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized.

Question 29

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR),up to what percentage of your daily Calories should be provided by carbohydrates?

A) 35%
B) 45%
C) 65%
D) 75%

Question 30

What is the leading federal agency in the United States that protects human health and safety?

A) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
B) American Dietetic Association (ADA)
C) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
D) National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Question 31

Chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function are called

A) antibodies.
B) bacteria.
C) nutrients.
D) carcinogens.

Question 32

What term is commonly used to describe foods that are grown with little or no use of synthetic chemicals?

A) organic
B) inorganic
C) genetically modified organism (GMO)
D) vegetarian

Question 33

The type of study that compares a group of people with a disease to another similar but healthy group is called a(n)

A) double-blind study.
B) clinical trial.
C) animal study.
D) case control study.

Question 34

Which of the following professional titles has NO definition or laws regulating it?

A) registered dietitian
B) registered dietitian/nutritionist
C) nutritionist
D) licensed nutritionist

Question 35

Your grandmother has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.Which of the following professionals is MOST likely to be qualified to offer your grandmother assistance in planning her diabetic diet?

A) registered dietitian (RD)
B) PhD in exercise science
C) medical doctor (MD)
D) nutritionist

Question 36

What is the standard used to estimate the daily nutrient needs of half of all healthy individuals?

A) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
B) Adequate Intake (AI)
C) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
D) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UI)

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body?

A) helps to regulate nervous impulses and muscle contraction
B) helps to transport nutrients and oxygen
C) helps to excrete waste products
D) provides a source of energy to work and play

Question 38

The highest average amount of a nutrient that can be consumed without a risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a particular age and gender group is called the

A) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR).
B) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).
C) Adequate Intake (AI).
D) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).

Question 39

What is the first step of the scientific method?

A) Formulate a hypothesis.
B) Design and conduct an experiment.
C) Collect and analyze data.
D) Observe a phenomenon.

Question 40

Overconsumption of which nutrient has the greatest potential for toxicity?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin B₆
C) vitamin C
D) folate

Question 41

What common flaw has been found in research studies funded by pharmaceutical companies?

A) bias towards showing ineffectiveness of products
B) lack of transparency
C) quackery
D) over-reporting of a drug's side effects

Question 42

The primary source of fuel for the body is

A) carbohydrates.
B) fats and oils.
C) proteins.
D) vitamins and minerals.

Question 43

Joan's dinner contains 210 grams of carbohydrate,60 grams of protein,and 52 grams of fat.What percent of kilocalories in this meal comes from carbohydrate?

A) 22%
B) 28%
C) 35%
D) 54%

Question 44

Which of the following is the primary link between poor nutrition and higher mortality rates?

A) cancer
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) obesity
D) iron-deficiency anemia

Question 45

A slice of pumpkin bread contains 5 grams of fat,40 grams of carbohydrate,and 5 grams of protein.What percent of the bread's Calories are from fat?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 40%
D) 75%

Question 46

One of the earliest developments in the field of nutrition linking nutritional deficiency to illness was the discovery that eating citrus fruits prevents

A) pellagra.
B) cancer.
C) scurvy.
D) strokes.

Question 47

Which of the following indicates that a nutrition website may NOT be a reliable source of information?

A) list of registered dietitians who contribute to the website
B) recently updated website
C) citations to research studies published in medical journals
D) website address with a ".com" ending

Question 48

Cryogenomics is a new area of research that seeks to uncover the links between our genes,our environment,and our diet.

Question 49

Which of the following is an example of disease that is directly caused by a nutritional deficiency?

A) pellagra
B) cancer
C) type 2 diabetes
D) heart disease

Question 50

In the United States and Canada,what set of standards defines the recommended intake values for various nutrients for healthy people?

A) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
B) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
C) Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
D) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

Question 51

Amino acids are units of

A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) proteins.
D) vitamins.

Question 52

Prevalent in the United States during the early 1900s,pellagra was first thought to be an infectious disease.Today we know that it is caused by a deficiency of

A) vitamin A.
B) iron.
C) protein.
D) niacin.

Question 53

The American Society for Nutrition (ASN)and similar professional nutrition organizations

A) publish reliable nutrition research studies.
B) set the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).
C) lobby the government on behalf of pharmaceutical companies.
D) sponsor the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Question 54

A blogger has written a post about the benefits of an artificial sweetener for weight loss.Which of the following would be the best evidence to support these claims?

A) recommendation from a medical doctor
B) citations to research studies published in peer-reviewed journals
C) testimonials from people who have used the sweetener
D) conclusions from a research study funded by the manufacturer of the sweetener

Question 55

The earliest discoveries in the field of nutrition focused on nutritional deficiencies and illness.

Question 56

What is another name for a study of patterns of health and disease in a large population?

A) a single-blind study
B) a clinical trial
C) a randomized study
D) an epidemiological study

Question 57

A hypothesis or group of related hypotheses that have been confirmed through repeated scientific experiments is known as a(n)

A) phenomenon.
B) experiment.
C) theory.
D) fact.

Question 58

"Wellness" is a multidimensional process by which people make choices that enhance their lives.

Question 59

Funding of a research study by a company that stands to benefit from a positive assessment is an example of

A) a reporting bias.
B) transparency.
C) a conflict of interest.
D) the placebo effect.

Question 60

What is the term for an imitation treatment that has no known physical effect or therapeutic value on the subjects in a research study?

A) theory
B) placebo
C) single-blind trial
D) double-blind trial

Question 61

A recommendation from the manager at your local health foods store to try a particular amino acid supplement may be biased.

Question 62

A registered dietitian is a health professional who has earned at least a bachelor's degree,has completed supervised clinical training,and has successfully completed a national exam.

Question 63

Because they are needed in relatively large quantities,vitamins and minerals are considered macronutrients.

Question 64

A placebo is the misrepresentation of a product,program,or service for financial gain.

Question 65

Poor nutrition is strongly associated with three chronic diseases that fall within the group of top ten causes of death in the United States.

Question 66

The term nutritionist has no precise definition or laws regulating it.

Question 67

A double-blind experiment is one in which neither the researchers nor the participants know which group is assigned to which treatment.

Question 68

Minerals maintain their chemical structure and are not broken down during digestion.

Question 69

The energy derived from food is expressed in units called kilocalories.

Question 70

A beverage that contains 20 grams of alcohol mixed with a diet (0-Calorie)soda has approximately 140 kilocalories.

Question 71

Protein's primary role is to provide energy for the body.

Question 72

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)are dietary standards that apply only to healthy individuals.

Question 73

The National Institutes of Health (NIH)plays a limited role in researching nutrition-related issues.

Question 74

The energy-yielding macronutrients include carbohydrates,lipids,and proteins.

Question 75

Macronutrients are nutrients that contain inorganic components.

Question 76

In the second half of the twentieth century,nutrition researchers began to study the links between nutrition and the development of chronic diseases.

Question 77

Nutrigenomics is an ancient specialty area of nutritional research.

Question 78

For an experiment to be consistent with the principles of the scientific method,it must be repeatable.

Question 79

Because water does not provide any Calories to the body,scientists do not consider it a nutrient.

Question 80

Vitamins provide 4 kilocalories per gram.