Deck 4: Carbohydrates: Plant-Derived Energy Nutrients

Question 1

Which of the following is a simple carbohydrate?

A) glycogen
B) pectin
C) galactose
D) cellulose

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The storage form of glucose in animals is

A) galactose.
B) starch.
C) glycogen.
D) raffinose.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Gluconeogenesis is the

A) synthesis of new glucose from amino acids.
B) release of stored glycogen from the liver.
C) process by which plants use sunlight to synthesize glucose.
D) uptake of glucose by the body's cells.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

When we don't consume enough carbohydrate,what substances does the body produce as an alternative fuel?

A) amyloses
B) amylases
C) ketones
D) glucagon

Question 5

Which of the following carbohydrates is an end product of photosynthesis?

A) glycogen
B) chlorophyll
C) carbon dioxide
D) glucose

Question 6

When fructose and glucose are bonded together,they form

A) sucrose.
B) maltose.
C) galactose.
D) lactose.

Question 7

Which of the following are the preferred fuels for MOST body functions?

A) protein and fat
B) carbohydrate and protein
C) carbohydrate and fat
D) fat and ketones

Question 8

A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of

A) two monosaccharides.
B) two polysaccharides.
C) one monosaccharide and one polysaccharide.
D) two oligosaccharides.

Question 9

A technique employed by some endurance athletes to increase their storage of muscle glycogen is

A) ketosis.
B) carbohydrate loading.
C) glycogen building.
D) gluconeogenesis.

Question 10

Carbohydrates contain

A) carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
B) carbon, sulfur, and potassium.
C) carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
D) carbon, helium, and sodium.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a soluble fiber?

A) lignins
B) cellulose
C) hemicelluloses
D) pectins

Question 12

Which of the following would be the BEST choice for someone trying to reduce added sugar intake?

A) cranberry juice
B) half a cup of sliced strawberries
C) caramel apple yogurt
D) canned pears in heavy syrup

Question 13

Which of the following BEST describes the glycemic index?

A) an individual's glucose/insulin ratio in a fasted state
B) the amount of insulin required to metabolize 100 grams of glucose
C) the glucose content of a given food
D) the extent to which a given food raises blood glucose and insulin

Question 14

Which of the following hormones is released when your blood sugar rises?

A) insulin
B) estrogen
C) CCK
D) glucagon

Question 15

The term complex carbohydrates refers to

A) monosaccharides.
B) disaccharides.
C) polysaccharides.
D) glucose.

Question 16

Which of the following enzymes is found in the mouth?

A) lactase
B) maltase
C) pancreatic amylase
D) salivary amylase

Question 17

What is the major monosaccharide found in the body?

A) glucose
B) fructose
C) galactose
D) glycogen

Question 18

Insulin is synthesized and released by the

A) brain.
B) liver.
C) pancreas.
D) gallbladder.

Question 19

In the body,the major storage sites for glycogen are the muscles and

A) liver.
B) kidneys.
C) gallbladder.
D) pancreas.

Question 20

After a meal,which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells?

A) glucagon
B) estrogen
C) CCK
D) insulin

Question 21

Meat is NOT a good dietary source of glycogen.Why?

A) Glycogen is resistant to intestinal enzymes and cannot be broken down by the human digestive tract.
B) Most of the glycogen found in meat is broken down when the animal is slaughtered.
C) The highly branched structure of glycogen is difficult for human digestive enzymes to break apart.
D) The form of glycogen found in meat cannot be absorbed in the small intestine.

Question 22

The richest dietary source of resistant starch is

A) fruit.
B) vegetables.
C) legumes.
D) whole grains.

Question 23

Mikayla's doctor has suggested that she increase the fiber content of her diet.Which of the following would NOT be good advice for Mikayla?

A) Drink at least eight 8-ounce glasses of fluid a day.
B) Purchase bread and grain products in which the first ingredient listed is "whole grain."
C) Increase fiber intake by taking a fiber supplement each day.
D) Eat legumes every day, if possible.

Question 24

Which of the following is associated with the development of ketosis?

A) a diet that contains too much fat
B) a diet that contains insufficient fat
C) a diet that contains too much carbohydrate
D) a diet that contains insufficient carbohydrate

Question 25

The glycemic load is

A) the amount of carbohydrate in a food.
B) the amount of carbohydrate in a food multiplied by the food's glycemic index.
C) the amount of carbohydrate in a food divided by the food's glycemic index.
D) the amount of carbohydrate in a food multiplied by the food's glycemic index, divided by 100.

Question 26

Which of the following substances in a ripe peach is NOT absorbed by the body?

A) vitamin C
B) fructose
C) dietary fiber
D) water

Question 27

A high-fiber diet may

A) disturb the GI flora.
B) increase the body's production of bile.
C) increase the risk of obesity.
D) reduce the risk of colon cancer.

Question 28

Up to what percentage of a person's total energy intake should carbohydrates provide,based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)?

A) 15%
B) 30%
C) 65%
D) 70%

Question 29

Starch,glycogen,and dietary fiber are examples of

A) monosaccharides.
B) disaccharides.
C) simple carbohydrates.
D) complex carbohydrates.

Question 30

Which of the following has the highest glycemic index value?

A) white rice
B) apples
C) instant mashed potatoes
D) ice cream

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a health problem related to eating too much sugar?

A) unexplained weight loss
B) tooth decay
C) increased risk for cardiovascular disease
D) increased risk for diabetes

Question 32

Individuals with the disease phenylketonuria (PKU)should NOT consume the alternative sweetener aspartame.Why?

A) People with PKU are highly prone to development of diabetes.
B) People with PKU are allergic to the sweetener.
C) People with PKU experience severe headaches when they consume aspartame.
D) People with PKU cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine.

Question 33

Which of the following alternative sweeteners is made from sucrose?

A) aspartame
B) sucralose
C) acesulfame-K
D) saccharine

Question 34

Individuals with which untreated disease are at risk for developing ketoacidosis?

A) hypertension
B) diabetes
C) diverticulosis
D) heart disease

Question 35

The term "enriched" on a food label signifies that

A) the nutrients in the food were lost during processing and then added back in.
B) nutrients were added to the food that did not originally exist in it.
C) nutrients were added to the food that have additional health benefits beyond those naturally found in it.
D) the food was processed without any artificial additives.

Question 36

A diet low in fiber is associated with an increased risk of developing

A) kidney stones.
B) dental caries.
C) Crohn's disease.
D) diverticulosis.

Question 37

During sleep,the body provides fuel to the brain

A) by breaking down body proteins.
B) by engaging in ketosis.
C) by converting glucose to glycogen.
D) The body does not provide fuel to the brain during sleep.

Question 38

How many grams of carbohydrate per day are recommended for adults 19 years of age and older?

A) 75 grams
B) 100 grams
C) 130 grams
D) 160 grams

Question 39

The insoluble fiber that provides the main structural component of plant cell walls is

A) lignin.
B) pectin.
C) mucilage.
D) cellulose.

Question 40

Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in maintaining blood glucose levels?

A) insulin
B) thyroxin
C) glucagon
D) epinephrine

Question 41

Mannitol,sorbitol,and xylitol are added to chewing gum as

A) stabilizers.
B) alternative sweeteners.
C) zero-Calorie sweeteners.
D) nutritive sweeteners.

Question 42

Which of the following fruit servings contains the highest level of fiber-rich carbohydrates?

A) 1 medium banana
B) 1 cup of fresh strawberries
C) 1 cup of blackberries
D) 1/2 cup of canned fruit cocktail

Question 43

Foods in which nutrients are added that did not originally exist in that food are known as

A) enriched.
B) fortified.
C) genetically modified.
D) processed.

Question 44

Ana takes her grandparents out to eat every Sunday at their favorite buffet-style restaurant,which offers only a limited selection of vegetables.Which of the following would be the most fiber-rich vegetable option for the diners?

A) 1 cup of cooked broccoli
B) 2 cups of iceberg lettuce
C) 6 spears of steamed asparagus
D) 1/2 cup of creamed corn

Question 45

Aspartame cannot be used to prepare cooked foods because

A) heat destroys its flavor.
B) its amino acids form ketones.
C) its glycemic load becomes too high.
D) once it is heated, the body cannot metabolize it.

Question 46

The condition in which infected pockets form on the wall of the large intestine is known as

A) celiac disease.
B) Crohn's disease.
C) colon cancer.
D) diverticulosis.

Question 47

The label on a box of granola indicates that it contains 13 grams of added sugars,and 240 Calories per serving.What percent of Calories in a serving comes from added sugars?

A) 12%
B) 22%
C) 45%
D) 67%

Question 48

In the diet,the nondigestible parts of plants that form the support structures of leaves,stems,and seeds are known as

A) functional fiber.
B) dietary fiber.
C) total fiber.
D) starches.

Question 49

The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine regulate blood glucose levels by

A) assisting transport of glucose into cells.
B) stimulating the liver to store glycogen.
C) triggering glycogen breakdown in the liver.
D) inhibiting gluconeogenesis.

Question 50

Which of the following provides about one-third of the daily Adequate Intake (AI)of fiber for women?

A) 1 cup of iceberg lettuce
B) 1 slice of enriched wheat bread
C) 1 cup of fresh strawberries
D) 1/2 cup of cooked lentils

Question 51

Whole-grain flours are rich sources of fiber because they retain the grain's

A) husk.
B) hull.
C) stem.
D) bran.

Question 52

A high-fiber diet might help decrease blood cholesterol levels by

A) preventing ketosis.
B) keeping stools soft.
C) trapping cholesterol in pockets in the large intestine.
D) causing more cholesterol-containing bile to be excreted in feces.

Question 53

Which of the following is thought to be a health benefit of eating meals that have a low glycemic load?

A) higher fiber intake
B) dramatic fluctuations in blood glucose
C) higher blood cholesterol levels
D) reduced risk for breast cancer

Question 54

Which of the following statements about glycemic load is TRUE?

A) The glycemic load is the potential of a food to raise blood glucose levels.
B) The glycemic load of an individual food item is more significant than the glycemic load of the entire meal.
C) Researchers agree that the evidence supporting the health benefits of a low glycemic-load diet is very strong.
D) The lower the glycemic load of a meal, the lower the post-meal rise in blood glucose.

Question 55

Ketoacidosis can result in

A) muscle growth.
B) coma and death.
C) increased storage of glycogen in muscles.
D) an increase in appetite.

Question 56

Which of the following types of bread contains the most fiber?

A) 1 slice of pumpernickel bread
B) 1 slice of whole-wheat bread
C) 1 slice of white bread
D) 1 buttermilk biscuit

Question 57

The primary energy source used by the body during intense exercise is

A) carbohydrate.
B) protein.
C) fat.
D) cholesterol.

Question 58

One cup of a popular sweetened corn cereal contains 14 grams of added sugars.How many teaspoons of sugar does this amount equal?

A) 2
B) 2.5
C) 3.5
D) 4

Question 59

A condition marked by blood glucose levels that are below normal levels is

A) hypoglycemia.
B) type 1 diabetes.
C) type 2 diabetes.
D) ketoacidosis.

Question 60

When blood glucose levels drop,which hormone brings glucose out of storage to raise blood glucose levels?

A) insulin
B) glucagon
C) glycogen
D) adrenaline

Question 61

Hypoglycemia is seen ONLY in people with type 1 diabetes.

Question 62

Consuming a high glycemic-index meal can cause a sudden rise in blood glucose levels.

Question 63

Saccharin use is associated with an increased risk of cancer in humans.

Question 64

In an attempt to lose weight,Kendra fasted for three days.During that time,her body synthesized glycogen for fuel.

Question 65

The Tolerable Upper Intake Level for carbohydrate is 130 grams a day.

Question 66

Fat is the primary fuel for the brain.

Question 67

Some foods rich in simple sugars are also rich in fiber.

Question 68

People should consume at least 10% of their daily Calories as added sugars.

Question 69

It is safe for pregnant women to consume alternative sweeteners in moderate amounts.

Question 70

Protection against heart disease is a potential benefit of a diet rich in simple sugar.

Question 71

Red blood cells can only use glucose for energy.

Question 72

Eating large amounts of added sugar is associated with an increased risk for diabetes.

Question 73

The liver converts fructose and galactose to glucose.

Question 74

Glycogen is NOT a good source of dietary carbohydrate.

Question 75

Diets high in added sugars are associated with tooth decay and gum disease.

Question 76

Because they are not digestible,resistant starches are harmful to the colon.

Question 77

Carbohydrate digestion pauses in the stomach because the pH of the stomach inactivates salivary amylase.

Question 78

Research has shown that aspartame promotes the development of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 79

Sweetened soft drinks are the most common source of added sugars in the American diet.

Question 80

Stored glycogen is converted into glucose in a process called glycogenesis.