Deck 5: Fats: Essential Energy-Supplying Nutrients

Question 1

A key component(s)of the cell membrane is/are

A) lecithin.
B) progesterone.
C) phospholipids.
D) triglycerides.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Medium-chain fatty acids are how many carbon atoms in length?

A) 2
B) 4
C) at least 6
D) at least 14

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A fatty acid that contains a chain of ten carbons and one double carbon bond is a

A) saturated, medium-chain fatty acid.
B) saturated, long-chain fatty acid.
C) monounsaturated, medium-chain fatty acid.
D) monounsaturated, long-chain fatty acid.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is the BEST source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A) corn oil
B) coconut oil
C) beef fat
D) butter

Question 5

Which of the following statements is TRUE about trans fatty acids?

A) They are made by the body in large quantities.
B) They are found only in processed foods.
C) They are less harmful to health than saturated fatty acids.
D) Foods with a Nutrition Facts panel claiming "zero" trans fats per serving may actually contain trans fats.

Question 6

A triglyceride is composed of

A) three fatty acids and one glycerol.
B) three glycerols and one fatty acid.
C) three atoms of carbon and one glycerol.
D) three glycerols and one atom of carbon.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is FALSE about sterols?

A) Sterols are found in both plant and animal foods.
B) Cholesterol is the most common sterol found in the human diet.
C) The human body produces sterols.
D) Sterols contain a glycerol backbone and one fatty acid.

Question 8

Sex hormones and adrenal hormones are derived from which class of lipid?

A) fatty acids
B) triglycerides
C) phospholipids
D) sterols

Question 9

Saturated fats are

A) not found in foods derived from plants.
B) found primarily in foods derived from plants.
C) found in salmon and eggs.
D) liquid at room temperature

Question 10

Which of the following are NOT major classes of dietary lipids?

A) glycogens
B) triglycerides
C) sterols
D) phospholipids

Question 11

Which of the following describes lipids?

A) organic substances that are insoluble in water
B) inorganic substances that are insoluble in water
C) organic substances that are insoluble in fat
D) inorganic substances that are insoluble in fat

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about essential fatty acids?

A) The body produces essential fatty acids.
B) We need to obtain essential fatty acids from food.
C) No vegetables contain essential fatty acids.
D) Consumption of essential fatty acids reduces the production of eicosanoids, which can promote cardiovascular disease.

Question 13

Why are phospholipids NOT classified as essential nutrients?

A) Our bodies manufacture phospholipids.
B) Phospholipids are not naturally found in the healthy body.
C) The GI flora produce phospholipids.
D) Phospholipids serve no useful function in the human body.

Question 14

Which of the following fatty acids is generally solid at room temperature?

A) short-chain
B) monounsaturated
C) polyunsaturated
D) saturated

Question 15

Which of the following is a rich source of linoleic acid?

A) a baked potato
B) flaxseeds
C) peanut oil
D) salmon

Question 16

Which of the following foods are the BEST sources of monounsaturated fatty acids?

A) coconut and palm oils
B) olive oil and cashew nuts
C) chicken and whole milk
D) butter and beef

Question 17

The process of straightening an unsaturated fatty acid to create a more solid fat that resists rancidity is called

A) emulsification.
B) pressurization.
C) hydrogenation.
D) deamination.

Question 18

What is the primary form of fat in the diet?

A) sterols
B) triglycerides
C) phospholipids
D) glycerols

Question 19

Which of the following ingredients on the label of a box of cookies would alert you to the presence of trans fatty acids?

A) partially hydrogenated vegetable oil
B) high-fructose corn syrup
C) all natural liquid corn oil
D) vitamin E

Question 20

Which of the following foods are HIGHEST in saturated fatty acids?

A) tuna and walnuts
B) salmon and canola oils
C) peanut oil and peppers
D) butter and palm kernel oil

Question 21

Which of the following is a fat replacer?

A) phosphate
B) saccharin
C) olestra
D) trans fat

Question 22

The major form of fat in both food and the body is

A) phospholipids.
B) triglycerides.
C) glycerols.
D) sterols.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a function of fat in the human body?

A) Fat assists in the transport of fat-soluble vitamins.
B) Fat maintains the integrity of cell membranes.
C) Fat provides insulation to help retain body heat.
D) Consumption of fat helps stimulate our appetite.

Question 24

How many Calories does 25 grams of fat provide?

A) 100
B) 175
C) 225
D) 250

Question 25

Which of the following organs does NOT assist in the digestion of lipids?

A) liver
B) esophagus
C) gallbladder
D) tongue

Question 26

Fat leaves the chylomicron and moves into adipose cells when the chylomicron comes into contact with

A) pancreatic lipase.
B) lipoprotein lipase.
C) lingual lipase.
D) bile.

Question 27

During exercise,which of the following triggers the breakdown of stored fat?

A) lipoprotein lipase
B) adrenaline
C) insulin
D) estrogen

Question 28

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)for fat is what percentage of total energy intake?

A) no more than 15%
B) no more than 25%
C) no more than 35%
D) no more than 45%

Question 29

Where in the body are the majority of triglycerides stored for future energy needs?

A) lipoproteins
B) muscle tissue
C) liver
D) adipose tissue

Question 30

Which of the following foods contains hidden fats?

A) olive oil
B) zucchini
C) chocolate cake
D) butter

Question 31

Which of the following species of fish would likely contain the highest levels of contaminants?

A) swordfish
B) salmon
C) flounder
D) mahi-mahi

Question 32

Which lipoprotein is produced in the enterocytes and transports dietary fat into the lymphatic system?

A) chylomicron
B) sterol
C) low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
D) phospholipid

Question 33

In the process of emulsification of triglycerides

A) fatty acid chains are removed from the glycerol backbone.
B) micelles transport fatty acids across the enterocytes.
C) bile salts separate large fat droplets into smaller droplets.
D) pancreatic lipase denatures fatty acid chains.

Question 34

To facilitate the digestion of dietary fats,the gallbladder stores and releases a substance known as

A) lipase.
B) bile.
C) hydrochloric acid.
D) bicarbonate.

Question 35

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?

A) cholesterol
B) linoleic acid
C) butyric acid
D) hydrochloric acid

Question 36

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)can be derived in limited quantities from

A) glycerol.
B) linoleic acid.
C) alpha-linolenic acid.
D) cholesterol.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the process of hydrogenation?

A) Hydrogenation creates trans fatty acids.
B) During hydrogenation, pressurized hydrogen is added to an unsaturated fatty acid chain.
C) Hydrogenation gives the fatty acid chain more kinks.
D) Hydrogenation can produce a partially hydrogenated oil (PHO).

Question 38

The vast majority of fat digestion and absorption occurs in the

A) stomach.
B) liver.
C) small intestine.
D) large intestine.

Question 39

Which of the following food items would contain the highest amount of saturated fat?

A) a cup of raw baby spinach
B) a tablespoon of canola oil
C) a cup of skim milk
D) a tablespoon of melted butter

Question 40

Research has found that replacing your saturated fat intake with added sugars increases your risk for

A) unintended weight loss.
B) insomnia.
C) cardiovascular disease.
D) type 1 diabetes.

Question 41

The spherical compounds made up of bile and phospholipids that transport dietary fat into the enterocytes are

A) chylomicrons.
B) lipases.
C) lipoproteins.
D) micelles.

Question 42

In people who are regularly physically active,extra fat consumed in the diet is stored first in

A) adipose cells.
B) the liver.
C) muscle tissue.
D) lymphatic tissue.

Question 43

Partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs)are

A) generally recognized as safe.
B) present in small amounts in meats and dairy products.
C) essential fatty acids.
D) not allowed in foods produced in the U.S. after 2018.

Question 44

The 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee found that saturated fat intake is significantly higher among Americans who

A) regularly consume foods with fat replacers.
B) consume a vegetarian diet.
C) frequently eat fast food.
D) smoke.

Question 45

Nuts are a good source of

A) healthful unsaturated fats.
B) unnecessary Calories.
C) vegetable oils.
D) sodium.

Question 46

Which of the following is a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids,making it a good choice for cooking and baking?

A) walnut oil
B) coconut oil
C) canola oil
D) butter

Question 47

Raymond is trying to decrease his intake of saturated fat.Which of the following items would you recommend he add to his coffee?

A) light cream
B) half-and-half
C) whole milk
D) low-fat milk

Question 48

Your risk for cardiovascular disease is increased if you consume a diet high in

A) linoleic acid.
B) EPA and DHA.
C) trans fatty acids.
D) essential fatty acids.

Question 49

What role do polyunsaturated fatty acids play in the brain and spinal cord?

A) They regulate calcium levels within normal ranges.
B) They help transmit information between cells.
C) They act as carriers, enabling active transport of nutrients into cells.
D) They block the production of vessel-clogging cholesterol.

Question 50

Fatty acids released from fat stores travel in the blood attached to the protein

A) fibrin.
B) hemoglobin.
C) albumin.
D) globulin.

Question 51

How much trans fat is recommended in the diet?

A) as little as possible
B) 3% of total energy intake
C) 5% of total energy intake
D) less than 10% of total energy intake

Question 52

The front of a box of chocolate cookies claims that they are "low-fat." If Gabriel eats one serving (two cookies),he will likely consume about

A) 0.5 grams or less of fat.
B) 3 grams or less of fat.
C) at least 25% less fat than he would have if he had eaten a serving of regular chocolate cookies.
D) at least 50% less fat than he would have if he had eaten a serving of regular chocolate cookies.

Question 53

What is the daily recommended intake of saturated fat?

A) as little as possible
B) less than 5% of total energy intake
C) less than 10% of total energy intake
D) between 20 and 35% of total energy intake

Question 54

The most common sterol in our diet is

A) olestra.
B) cholesterol.
C) phytosterol.
D) stanol.

Question 55

Yesterday Nadia consumed 250 grams of carbohydrate,75 grams of protein,and 60 grams of fat.What percentage of Calories of her day's intake came from fat?

A) 13%
B) 15%
C) 29%
D) 35%

Question 56

Which of the following statements about cholesterol is TRUE?

A) Foods that are high in cholesterol tend to be low in saturated fat.
B) The Institute of Medicine recommends keeping your cholesterol intake to an absolute minimum.
C) Your body's production and recycling of cholesterol are not influenced by the amount of cholesterol you consume in your diet.
D) There appears to be no direct link between dietary cholesterol and cardiovascular disease.

Question 57

Which of the following populations should entirely avoid eating shark,swordfish,and other fish with high levels of mercury?

A) adolescents
B) pregnant and breastfeeding women
C) people over age 65
D) everyone

Question 58

How many double bonds does a saturated fatty acid contain between carbons in the chain?

A) none
B) one
C) two
D) more than two

Question 59

Which type of fatty acid has hydrogen atoms located on the same side of the double bond?

A) trans
B) cis
C) saturated
D) glycerol

Question 60

Which of the following are excellent sources of unsaturated fats?

A) nuts and nut butters
B) full-fat dairy products
C) citrus fruits
D) beans and rice

Question 61

Only plants can synthesize cholesterol.

Question 62

A stick margarine made from partially hydrogenated corn oil will almost certainly have more trans fatty acids than butter.

Question 63

A new group of fat replacers has been developed using which of the following?

A) monounsaturated fats
B) starches
C) proteins
D) soluble fibers

Question 64

The majority of saturated fat in the American diet comes from

A) pizza, tacos, burgers, and sandwiches containing meat and/or cheese.
B) muffins, pastries, cookies, brownies, and other baked goods.
C) potato chips, corn chips, popcorn, and other snack foods.
D) vegetables that are fried, breaded, or drenched in sauces.

Question 65

Even if the Nutrition Facts panel states 0 g trans fats,the product could still have 1/2 g of trans fat per serving.

Question 66

Body fat is metabolically inactive.

Question 67

By the year 2019,most processed foods will probably contain only small amounts of trans fatty acids.

Question 68

People attempting to lose weight will be most successful if they limit their consumption of fat to less than 15% of kilocalories.

Question 69

Body fat stores are

A) not necessary for health and functioning.
B) especially harmful in the abdominal region.
C) the body's secondary source of stored energy, after liver glycogen.
D) important for promoting glucose uptake by cells.

Question 70

Pregnant women are advised to entirely avoid consuming fish.

Question 71

Saturated fatty acids can occur in either a cis or trans shape.

Question 72

Lipids can be either solid or liquid at room temperature.

Question 73

Americans consume adequate amounts of linoleic acid but not enough ALA,EPA,or DHA.

Question 74

Federal nutritional recommendations advise that you eat fish

A) daily.
B) weekly.
C) twice weekly.
D) twice monthly.

Question 75

Plant fats provide 80-90% of their energy from saturated fats.

Question 76

While you are sleeping,approximately how much of the energy your cells use is derived from fats?

A) nearly 100%
B) 70-90%
C) 30-70%
D) 10-30%

Question 77

If the label on a package of refrigerator rolls indicates that the product contains partially hydrogenated oils,it will almost assuredly contain trans fats.

Question 78

Olive oil,canola oil,and cashew nuts are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids.

Question 79

Fasting for 8 hours before a blood lipids test will allow enough time for your body to clear chylomicrons from your bloodstream.

Question 80

In general,animal-based fats are high in saturated fats.