Deck 24: Osteoporosis

Question 1

As adults age,bone density declines.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following does NOT increase the risk of developing osteoporosis?

A) smoking
B) moderate alcohol consumption
C) low dietary intake of calcium
D) sedentary lifestyle

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Fifty percent of Americans with osteoporosis are men.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What is the primary reason osteoporosis incidence in the United States is expected to increase in the next two decades?

A) inadequate preventive measures
B) increased diagnosis
C) increased longevity of the population
D) decline in milk consumption

Question 5

Which of the following people would most likely be at HIGHEST risk for osteoporosis?

A) A Hispanic woman who is 63 years old, is obese, and works as a nurse in a hospital.
B) An African American man who is 69 years old, is normal weight, and is a light drinker.
C) An Asian American woman who is 47 years old, is normal weight, and drinks 1 to 2 cups of coffee daily.
D) A Caucasian American woman who is 61 years old, is underweight, and smokes.

Question 6

Two common sites of fracture in an individual suffering from osteoporosis are the

A) hip and spine.
B) wrist and hand.
C) clavicle and scapula.
D) sternum and ribs.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a gender-specific factor affecting the risk of developing osteoporosis?

A) Hormonal changes as men age do not affect bone density as dramatically as they do for women.
B) On average, women live longer than men.
C) Men have a lower absolute bone density than women.
D) Men experience social pressure to lift weights to "bulk up."

Question 8

Death following a hip fracture is often due to infection.

Question 9

In people with osteoporosis,compression of the vertebrae in the upper back can cause

A) fluorosis.
B) kyphosis.
C) scoliosis.
D) spina bifida.

Question 10

Which of the following is the conclusion of the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)regarding the use of calcium and vitamin D supplements?

A) The USPSTF finds that the benefits of calcium and vitamin D supplementation for postmenopausal women outweigh the risks and therefore recommends supplementation for postmenopausal women only.
B) The USPSTF finds that the benefits of calcium and vitamin D supplementation for all adults over age 50 outweigh the risks and recommends calcium and vitamin D supplementation.
C) The USPSTF finds that the risks of calcium and vitamin D supplementation outweigh the benefits and recommends that both men and women age 65 and older make a decision about supplementation in consultation with their healthcare provider.
D) The USPSTF finds insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about the benefits and risks of calcium and vitamin D supplementation and therefore recommends against supplementation.

Question 11

In which phase of a woman's life cycle is bone loss the greatest?

A) puberty
B) pregnancy
C) lactation
D) menopause

Question 12

Which of the following would be MOST helpful in maintaining healthy bone mass?

A) Swimming 30 minutes a day, 4 days a week.
B) Maintaining a BMI between 18.5 and 21.0.
C) Jogging, jumping rope, or playing tennis 30 minutes a day, 4 days a week.
D) Consuming a minimum of 4,000 IU of vitamin D daily.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about osteoporosis is TRUE?

A) Although osteoporosis can be disfiguring, it is not painful.
B) About 20% of older adults who suffer a hip fracture die within 1 year.
C) The mortality rate following an osteoporotic fracture is higher for women than for men.
D) The rate of osteoporotic fractures in both men and women is higher worldwide than it is in the United States.

Question 14

Hormone replacement therapy can reduce the risk for hip and spinal fractures.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT associated with the female athlete triad?

A) abuse of anabolic steroids
B) low bone density
C) menstrual dysfunction
D) low energy availability

Question 16

Cindy is 63 years old and at risk for osteoporosis.Which of the following nutrients would be the MOST important to consume in adequate amounts to preserve bone mass?

A) calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and fluoride
B) omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins A, D, E, and K
C) omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, and vitamin D
D) protein, calcium, and vitamin D

Question 17

Which of the following statements about osteoporosis medications is TRUE?

A) None has been shown to prevent fractures.
B) Although all can reduce bone loss, none can increase bone density.
C) All have side effects, some of which are significant.
D) All are synthetic versions of natural hormones.

Question 18

Which of the following would be good advice to offer someone who is planning to take a calcium supplement?

A) Select a calcium carbonate supplement as it contains the most calcium per dose.
B) Select a calcium supplement that provides at least 1,000 mg calcium per pill.
C) Look for a calcium supplement that is labeled "natural" and is made from oyster shell or bone meal.
D) Take your calcium supplement on an empty stomach to increase absorption.

Question 19

Which of the following medications used in treating bone loss is a pharmacologic preparation of a hormone produced by the thyroid gland?

A) selective estrogen receptor modulators
B) calcitonin
C) teriparatide
D) bisphosphonates

Question 20

There is a strong genetic component in bone mineral density.

Question 21

To preserve bone mass,a high protein intake is more important than an adequate intake of calcium or vitamin D.

Question 22

Research has shown no direct evidence that high-sodium diets cause osteoporosis.

Question 23

All other factors being equal,an individual who is obese has a lower risk for osteoporosis than a person who is underweight.

Question 24

An increased load of supplemental calcium in the bloodstream might increase the risk for a heart attack.

Question 25

The only way to obtain adequate calcium and vitamin D is to use supplements.