Deck 18: History of Management

Question 1

Karl spent a morning evaluating his production staff and recorded their movements with a stopwatch. He realized he could reduce the distance workers walked to complete a process by simply changing the direction of flow of the product. Which element of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth's work is this an example of?

A)They used motion studies to eliminate unnecessary or repetitive motions from work. 
B)They proved the effectiveness of nonfinancial motivators in convincing workers to strive for organizational goals. 
C)They realized how the principles of sociology applied to worker performance. 
D)They identified the four functions managers perform.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

How did the Industrial Revolution change jobs and organizations?

A)Managers realized the importance of synergistic tasks. 
B)Managers realized the importance of customer relations. 
C)Low-paid,unskilled workers running machines began to replace high-paid,skilled artisans. 
D)Skilled jobs were performed in homes rather than in factories.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

According to Weber,what best characterizes a bureaucracy?

A)organization based on the theory of behavioural reinforcement  
B)determination of an individual's power base within an organization through political connections  
C)exercise of control on the basis of knowledge,expertise,or experience  
D)reliance on scheduled,periodic corrective actions to operate most efficiently

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A contractor assessed an overdue job. As he looked at the job site,he saw one worker moving bricks by carrying two at a time from where they were unloaded to where they were needed. He saw another climbing up a ladder with a few shingles,climbing down to get more,and then repeating the process. What approach could the contractor use to determine how the workers could perform their tasks more efficiently?

A)time and motion studies  
B)resource assessments  
C)workload analyses  
D)systems analyses

Question 5

What is the intention of bureaucracy as defined by Weber?

A)to achieve an organization's goal in the most efficient way possible  
B)to create sustainable,nonfinancial motivation tools  
C)to provide managers with the tools needed to adapt to different situations  
D)to create synergy within the organization's departments

Question 6

William used to allow his packaging employees freedom to prepare custom orders as they liked,and each had their own way of packing boxes. A consultant was hired and William's department became more efficient when the packagers learned and followed a specific packaging process. Which type of management influenced the change in William's department?

A)contingency management  
B)scientific management  
C)bureaucratic management  
D)information management

Question 7

Which management theorist drew on his own experiences as a CEO to create his theory of management?

A)Elton Mayo  
B)Frederick Taylor  
C)Henri Fayol  
D)Max Weber

Question 8

Beverly is unhappy with her production supervisor. Beverly would normally finish 200 products per shift but she is purposely finishing less than 100 by working at a much slower pace. What is this an example of?

A)job loitering  
B)roadblocking  
C)lagging  
D)soldiering

Question 9

Patrick rewards his best production workers and treats all workers fairly. When Patrick encouraged all production staff to model the most efficient ones,he rewarded the entire department when their production numbers increased. To which human relations approach is this most closely related?

A)using group dynamics to ensure that organizational goals are met  
B)employing Gantt charts to monitor productivity  
C)finding the one best way for doing each task  
D)dividing the work and the responsibility equally between management and workers

Question 10

Who is best known for developing the 5 functions of managers and the 14 principles of management?

A)Henri Fayol  
B)Max Weber  
C)Frank Gilbreth  
D)Elton Mayo

Question 11

Which management theorist would most likely have used his understanding of how work is done to help surgeons eliminate unnecessary motions,operate more efficiently,and save more lives by closely studying how surgeries were performed?

A)Henri Fayol  
B)Chester Barnard  
C)Frederick Taylor  
D)Frank Gilbreth

Question 12

Anthony was a skilled woodworker whose exquisite handiwork was sought after by many for custom furniture. However,due to the invention of cutting machines and processes,the need for Anthony's skills decreased quickly. Which period of time did Anthony exist in?

A)1650-1750  
B)1750-1900  
C)1900-1950  
D)1950-2000

Question 13

Anthony's new business is growing rapidly and his staff has increased from just he and his wife to over 50 full-time workers. In order to create structure,Anthony gives each employee specific work processes,assigned objectives,and one manager each employee reports to. Which element of bureaucratic organization is Anthony working on?

A)chain of command  
B)division of labour  
C)impartial application of rules and procedures  
D)recorded in writing

Question 14

What is Frederick Taylor famous for?

A)developing time and motion studies  
B)being first to define the functions of managers  
C)developing the 14 principles of management  
D)creating the principles of scientific management

Question 15

Kathy is the production manager for a computer assembly company. Kathy is evaluating her best workers so that their assembly methods can be formalized and documented for all workers to follow. Which goal of scientific management is Kathy pursuing?

A)making sure that workers did not consider their work boring or repetitive  
B)eliminating conflict between workers and management  
C)finding the one best way to perform each task  
D)finding different ways to motivate workers

Question 16

What was Max Weber developing in Europe at about the same time as management theorists were developing scientific management principles in the United States?

A)group dynamics theory  
B)systems management  
C)contingency management  
D)bureaucratic management

Question 17

Which of the following ideas is associated with Max Weber's bureaucratic management?

A)the development of cohesive work groups  
B)span of management  
C)conflict as something beneficial  
D)chain of command

Question 18

Caroline is the trade show supervisor for a furniture manufacturer. Caroline and her staff have 12 hours to set up the booth's walls,flooring,lighting,and signage before the sample furniture arrives. Caroline uses a whiteboard to illustrate to her staff the order that the booth will be constructed in and the time each part must be completed by. What type of chart did Caroline most likely use to guide her staff?

A)organizational chart  
B)Gantt chart  
C)flow chart  
D)decision chart

Question 19

In which of the following situations would a Gantt chart be appropriate to use?

A)determining parcel weights before shipping to customers  
B)installing a local area network for a computer system  
C)rebuilding communities destroyed by a hurricane  
D)evaluating employees

Question 20

Which management theorist would most likely have said,"The greatest waste in the world comes from needless,ill-directed,and ineffective motions"?

A)Frederick Taylor  
B)Frank Gilbreth  
C)Henri Fayol  
D)Chester Barnard

Question 21

Which statement represents one of Mary Parker Follett's beliefs about management?

A)Rules and procedures should be applied without favouritism. 
B)Group dynamics produce positive peer pressure. 
C)Conflict can be beneficial. 
D)Pay should be performance based.

Question 22

A recent union-management conflict was at a stalemate for months and then settled by an arbitrator in favour of the union. Management claimed the pay increase demanded by the union would cripple the company's finances. A win-win situation was not the outcome. Many feel that this was a lose-lose outcome and will spell the start of the demise of the company. According to Mary Parker Follett,what type of conflict is this?

A)resolution  
B)integration  
C)domination  
D)coercion

Question 23

Richard and his wife,Eleanor,run a training company. Staff would ask either Richard or Eleanor for guidance depending on who was available to speak to. A problem occurred when a staff member was given direction from Eleanor that conflicted with what Richard had told them. Since that occurrence,each staff member reports to either Richard or Eleanor,but not both. Which of Henri Fayol's principles is this an example of?

A)unity of direction  
B)centralization  
C)vertical authority  
D)unity of command

Question 24

Which management theorist said,"As conflict is here in this world,as we cannot avoid it,we should,I think,use it to work for us. Instead of condemning it,we should set it to work for us"?

A)Frederick Taylor  
B)Henri Fayol  
C)Henry Gantt  
D)Mary Parker Follett

Question 25

Which behaviour did Elton Mayo witness during the Bank Wiring Room phase of the Hawthorne Studies?

A)group dissonance  
B)soldiering  
C)rate busting  
D)lagging behaviour

Question 26

Which of the following ideas is most closely related to Mary Parker Follett's writings about management?

A)Effective management is based on 14 principles. 
B)Assigning tasks to those best qualified will improve efficiency and effectiveness. 
C)Leadership should be based on knowledge,expertise,or experience. 
D)Integration is the most effective approach to conflict resolution.

Question 27

Rose believes her employees will be more productive if she pays attention to how they feel and creates a family atmosphere within her company. Which approach to management is Rose most aligned with?

A)scientific  
B)human relations  
C)administrative  
D)systems

Question 28

Which management theorist provided managers with a better understanding of the effect that group social interactions and employee satisfaction have on individual and group performance?

A)Elton Mayo  
B)Chester Barnard  
C)Henri Fayol  
D)Max Weber

Question 29

Which of the following statements represents a tenet of human relations management?

A)Success follows from strict adherence to the chain of command principle. 
B)Effective managers must be able to perform all four managerial functions simultaneously. 
C)Success depends on treating workers well. 
D)Efficiency equals organizational success.

Question 30

Which of the following represents how Mary Parker Follett believed managers typically dealt with conflict?

A)domination,compromise,and integration  
B)accommodation,mediation,and domination  
C)coercion,mediation,and integration  
D)facilitation,mediation,and coercion

Question 31

Which term did Chester Barnard define as "a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons"?

A)bureaucracy  
B)department  
C)organization  
D)administration

Question 32

Which statement characterizes integrative conflict resolution?

A)A third party's decision settles the conflict. 
B)Both parties work together to create an alternative solution that includes shared preferences and integrates interests. 
C)Both parties involved agree to give up something. 
D)Both parties in the conflict are coerced into accepting a less-than-optimal solution.

Question 33

TRX Inc. and its box supplier could not agree on a new price. The raw material cost to manufacture boxes increased and the supplier needed a new contract with its customers. TRX knew it was the supplier's number one customer and planned to refuse any price increase. However,to maintain a long-term relationship,TRX settled on a price just below the supplier's initial increase. Both companies were happy with the new contract. What would Mary Parker Follett call this conflict settlement?

A)mediation  
B)arbitration  
C)negotiation  
D)compromise

Question 34

Which management theorist would most likely have said,"The success of an enterprise generally depends much more on the administrative ability of its leaders than on their technical ability"?

A)Henri Fayol  
B)Mary Parker Follett  
C)Max Weber  
D)Lillian Gilbreth

Question 35

Which management theorist is best known for his/her role in the Hawthorne Studies?

A)Elton Mayo  
B)Chester Barnard  
C)Mary Parker Follett  
D)Frank Gilbreth

Question 36

Which type of management is Henri Fayol responsible for developing?

A)bureaucratic  
B)administrative  
C)operations  
D)contingency

Question 37

Which statement relates most closely to Chester Barnard's ideas of management?

A)People should be hired based on their qualifications to do a job well. 
B)The best way to handle conflict is through integration. 
C)The crew working on the construction of a new church is an example of an organization. 
D)Human factors related to work are more important than physical conditions.

Question 38

According to Mary Parker Follett,what is the easiest way to deal with conflict in the moment,though it is not usually successful in the long run?

A)coercion  
B)domination  
C)mediation  
D)arbitration

Question 39

Willis initiates communication between two team leaders and their team to discuss the best practices on meeting production targets. The leaders are able to both improve production from increased efficiency. According to the Hawthorne studies,what has led to this increase in production?

A)member cohesiveness  
B)realistic work quotas  
C)important work  
D)merit-based promotion

Question 40

Which of the following management theorists helped develop human relations management?

A)Max Weber  
B)Mary Parker Follett  
C)Henri Fayol  
D)Henry Gantt

Question 41

Which of the following types of systems are organizations that interact with their environments and depend on them for survival?

A)covert systems  
B)open systems  
C)synergistic subsystems  
D)closed systems

Question 42

Kraft Foods has created five global product divisions-beverages,snacks,cheese and dairy,convenience meals,and grocery. It also has two marketing divisions-one for North America and the other for everywhere else. According to the systems approach to management,what are these seven divisions examples of?

A)work units  
B)functional systems  
C)closed systems  
D)subsystems

Question 43

What occurs when 1 + 1 = 3?

A)an open system  
B)synergy  
C)entropy  
D)reciprocity

Question 44

What does a systems view of management allow managers to do?

A)deal with their complex work environment  
B)manage employee attendance  
C)communicate efficiently  
D)store and retrieve all types of information

Question 45

Which statement describes what happens when synergy occurs?

A)Workers deliberately slow down their pace or restrict their work outputs. 
B)Productivity increases as a result of workers' beliefs that management cares about them. 
C)Two or more subsystems working together produce more than if they were working apart. 
D)A system of consciously coordinated activities or forces is created by an organization.

Question 46

Joyce is a manager at a hard goods distribution company. An example of Joyce's responsibility is to ensure that the sales staff is aware of customers that the accounting department has identified as having problems paying their invoices. What type of management does Joyce engage in?

A)administrative management  
B)management science  
C)information management  
D)operations management

Question 47

What term is used to describe the amount and number of raw materials,parts,and finished products that a company has in its possession?

A)supplies  
B)material resources  
C)inventory  
D)physical resources

Question 48

What is a set of interrelated elements or parts that function as a whole called?

A)a synergistic graph  
B)a dependency  
C)a relationship  
D)a system

Question 49

Which type of entity are the Toronto Raptors basketball team,the University of British Columbia,Blue Cross,and BlackBerry?

A)entropic systems  
B)open systems  
C)closed systems  
D)synergistic subsystems

Question 50

Amanda is a manager within a furniture manufacturing company. Amanda negotiates raw material purchases from suppliers,ensures her production teams meet quotas,and final products meet standards set by upper management. What type of manager is Amanda?

A)operations manager  
B)resource manager  
C)systems manager  
D)bureaucratic manager

Question 51

Which of the following management theorists believed that workers ultimately grant managers their authority?

A)Chester Barnard  
B)Max Weber  
C)Mary Parker Follett  
D)Elton Mayo

Question 52

Manufacturers today purchase raw materials so that just enough inventory is on hand to produce the product in small batches. Which management approach is this practice most closely related to?

A)systems management  
B)information management  
C)operations management  
D)contingency management

Question 53

Daniel is a new employee in a meat processing plant's accounting department. Daniel's supervisor is pleased that Daniel has joined her department. Every directive she gives Daniel,he follows right away without question. What would Chester Bernard say Daniel's behaviour is an example of?

A)zone of authority  
B)zone of understanding  
C)zone of acceptance  
D)zone of indifference

Question 54

Who is responsible for initiating the now common practice of manufacturing most products using standardized,interchangeable parts?

A)Henri Fayol  
B)Eli Whitney  
C)Chester Barnard  
D)Frederick Taylor

Question 55

When will employees be indifferent to managerial directives or orders?

A)When the directives or orders are misunderstood. 
B)When their purpose is consistent with the purpose of the organization. 
C)When management has unrealistic expectations. 
D)When managers do not care about the personal interests of workers.

Question 56

Janice is a manager with an international finance company. One of Janice's responsibilities is to ensure the stock brokers in the company are aware of the Canadian dollar value against foreign currencies on an hourly basis. What type of manager is Janice?

A)systems manager  
B)information manager  
C)operations manager  
D)contingency manager

Question 57

Which of the following is an example of a closed system?

A)an isolated ranch in Alberta  
B)a company's highly secure accounting system  
C)the National Art Gallery  
D)Canada Post

Question 58

Which of the following is an example of a commonly used operations management tool?

A)closed systems  
B)open systems  
C)scheduling systems  
D)synergy systems

Question 59

Jennifer has 25 years of experience in management and has just completed a study of the history of management. Jennifer understands that no one theory of management works in all situations. Which approach to management does Jennifer most likely follow?

A)operations management  
B)information management  
C)systems management  
D)contingency management

Question 60

XBC Inc. is a utility monopoly. Since it does not have competitors,XBC has had little incentive to change the way it does business. This has caused XBC to become out of sync with customers who wish to receive more automated information such as online account information and internet billing. Which system best describes how XBC operates?

A)covert system  
B)closed system  
C)synergistic subsystem  
D)open system

Question 61

Scenario 18-1
As the day-shift supervisor at the steel plant,you summon the six college students who are working for you this summer doing odd jobs. You walk them across the plant to a field where the company stores scrap metal "leftovers." The area,about the size of a football field,is stacked with organized piles of metal. You explain that everything they see has just been sold.You point out that railroad tracks divide the field into parallel sectors,like the lines on a football field,so that each stack of metal is no more than 4 m from a track. Each stack contains 390 pieces of metal. Each piece weighs 42 kg and is about a metre long;it's just over 10 cm wide and 10 cm deep. You tell the students that,working as a team,they are to pick up each piece,walk up a ramp to the railroad car positioned next to each stack,and then neatly position and stack the metal for shipment. A forklift cannot be used because the metal is not on wooden pallets (the pallets would be crushed). The only way to get the metal into the rail cars is for the students to carry it.Based on an old report from the last time the company sold some of the metal,you understand that over an eight-hour shift,workers typically loaded 30 to 31 pieces of metal parts per hour. At that pace,though,it will take your six students six weeks to load all of the metal;it must,however,be shipped in two weeks. So,without more workers (there's a hiring freeze)and without forklifts,all of the metal has to be loaded by hand by these six workers in two weeks.
Refer to Scenario 18-1. As shift supervisor,you need to motivate the students to work much,much harder than they have been all summer,to move them beyond the leisurely pace and job assignments they have gotten used to. Bear in mind the idea that management is responsible for paying workers fairly for their work. Who stated,"A fair day's pay for a fair day's work" and is the management theorist that the above scenario most closely relates to?

A)Max Weber  
B)Frederick Taylor  
C)Mary Parker Follett  
D)Frank Gilbreth

Question 62

Teresa applied the human relations theory of management to motivate her team to increase sales by 8 percent. She then applied the scientific management theory to match customer accounts to the appropriate salesperson. What overall approach to management does Teresa most likely follow?

A)operations management  
B)information management  
C)systems management  
D)contingency management

Question 63

Codified management practices didn't exist prior to about how many years ago?

A)125 years ago  
B)100 years ago  
C)75 years ago  
D)50 years ago

Question 64

Scenario 18-1
As the day-shift supervisor at the steel plant,you summon the six college students who are working for you this summer doing odd jobs. You walk them across the plant to a field where the company stores scrap metal "leftovers." The area,about the size of a football field,is stacked with organized piles of metal. You explain that everything they see has just been sold.You point out that railroad tracks divide the field into parallel sectors,like the lines on a football field,so that each stack of metal is no more than 4 m from a track. Each stack contains 390 pieces of metal. Each piece weighs 42 kg and is about a metre long;it's just over 10 cm wide and 10 cm deep. You tell the students that,working as a team,they are to pick up each piece,walk up a ramp to the railroad car positioned next to each stack,and then neatly position and stack the metal for shipment. A forklift cannot be used because the metal is not on wooden pallets (the pallets would be crushed). The only way to get the metal into the rail cars is for the students to carry it.Based on an old report from the last time the company sold some of the metal,you understand that over an eight-hour shift,workers typically loaded 30 to 31 pieces of metal parts per hour. At that pace,though,it will take your six students six weeks to load all of the metal;it must,however,be shipped in two weeks. So,without more workers (there's a hiring freeze)and without forklifts,all of the metal has to be loaded by hand by these six workers in two weeks.
Refer to Scenario 18-1. What advice from the teachings of Mary Parker Follett should you apply to your relations with the six college students?

A)Deal with the conflict they may feel when asked to do the extra work. 
B)Use group dynamics to make the task easier. 
C)Monitor soldiering because it is a disruptive practice. 
D)Use monetary rewards to provide motivation.

Question 65

Which of the following is an advantage of the systems approach to management?

A)It simplifies the management process by supporting the principle of unity of command. 
B)It allows managers to reward workers on the basis of their performance. 
C)It forces managers to create coordinated communication. 
D)It forces managers to view their organization as part of a whole.

Question 66

Patrick is considered one of the most effective managers within the company he works for. The company's president has observed that Patrick changes the way he manages for different situations and the different needs and agendas of the people involved. Which type of management does Patrick display at work?

A)operations management  
B)systems management  
C)information management  
D)contingency management

Question 67

Which of the following represents the belief that the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations managers are facing at a particular time and place?

A)the human relations approach  
B)administrative management  
C)the contingency approach  
D)bureaucratic management

Question 68

Scenario 18-1
As the day-shift supervisor at the steel plant,you summon the six college students who are working for you this summer doing odd jobs. You walk them across the plant to a field where the company stores scrap metal "leftovers." The area,about the size of a football field,is stacked with organized piles of metal. You explain that everything they see has just been sold.You point out that railroad tracks divide the field into parallel sectors,like the lines on a football field,so that each stack of metal is no more than 4 m from a track. Each stack contains 390 pieces of metal. Each piece weighs 42 kg and is about a metre long;it's just over 10 cm wide and 10 cm deep. You tell the students that,working as a team,they are to pick up each piece,walk up a ramp to the railroad car positioned next to each stack,and then neatly position and stack the metal for shipment. A forklift cannot be used because the metal is not on wooden pallets (the pallets would be crushed). The only way to get the metal into the rail cars is for the students to carry it.Based on an old report from the last time the company sold some of the metal,you understand that over an eight-hour shift,workers typically loaded 30 to 31 pieces of metal parts per hour. At that pace,though,it will take your six students six weeks to load all of the metal;it must,however,be shipped in two weeks. So,without more workers (there's a hiring freeze)and without forklifts,all of the metal has to be loaded by hand by these six workers in two weeks.
Refer to Scenario 18-1. Which approach to management is most applicable to the manager's problem with the metal and other raw materials?

A)contingency management  
B)systems management  
C)operations management  
D)administrative management

Question 69

Frederick Taylor was the father of systems management.

Question 70

After the Industrial Revolution,jobs mostly occurred in large,formal organizations where hundreds of people worked under one roof.

Question 71

Scenario 18-1
As the day-shift supervisor at the steel plant,you summon the six college students who are working for you this summer doing odd jobs. You walk them across the plant to a field where the company stores scrap metal "leftovers." The area,about the size of a football field,is stacked with organized piles of metal. You explain that everything they see has just been sold.You point out that railroad tracks divide the field into parallel sectors,like the lines on a football field,so that each stack of metal is no more than 4 m from a track. Each stack contains 390 pieces of metal. Each piece weighs 42 kg and is about a metre long;it's just over 10 cm wide and 10 cm deep. You tell the students that,working as a team,they are to pick up each piece,walk up a ramp to the railroad car positioned next to each stack,and then neatly position and stack the metal for shipment. A forklift cannot be used because the metal is not on wooden pallets (the pallets would be crushed). The only way to get the metal into the rail cars is for the students to carry it.Based on an old report from the last time the company sold some of the metal,you understand that over an eight-hour shift,workers typically loaded 30 to 31 pieces of metal parts per hour. At that pace,though,it will take your six students six weeks to load all of the metal;it must,however,be shipped in two weeks. So,without more workers (there's a hiring freeze)and without forklifts,all of the metal has to be loaded by hand by these six workers in two weeks.
Refer to Scenario 18-1. What advice from Henri Fayol's teachings should you take to improve productivity with the six college students?

A)Eliminating bottlenecks is the key to job effectiveness. 
B)Coordination is the key to job effectiveness. 
C)The principle of division of work will get the job done more efficiently. 
D)Always follow the chain of command.

Question 72

Evidence of information management dates back to what location and time period?

A)China,in about 800 AD  
B)France,in about 1900 AD  
C)Sumer,in about 8000-3000 BCE  
D)Egypt,in about 4000 BCE

Question 73

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth studied the psychology of groups.

Question 74

Dr. Murray has improved the efficiency of his dental office. Originally,his two dental hygienists could each serve seven patients per day;however,he added a coordinator to greet patients and handle non-hygiene functions normally handled by the hygienists. This initiative enabled the two hygienists to handle 10 patients each per day. What did Dr. Murray create?

A)an open system  
B)a closed system  
C)synergy  
D)bureaucracy

Question 75

For most of humankind's history,people have commuted to work.

Question 76

On Saturday,the manager of Tony's Pizza had to deal with an employee with a hangover,a missing server,and an unusually large number of customers. Monday was a slow day,and an employee fell asleep behind the prep table. Both employees came to work not ready to work their hardest. Which management tenet would indicate that the manager should treat these two employees differently?

A)principles of bureaucratic management  
B)contingency approach to management  
C)principles of administrative management  
D)human relations approach to management

Question 77

Management ideas and practices have been used from the earliest times of recorded history.

Question 78

Scenario 18-1
As the day-shift supervisor at the steel plant,you summon the six college students who are working for you this summer doing odd jobs. You walk them across the plant to a field where the company stores scrap metal "leftovers." The area,about the size of a football field,is stacked with organized piles of metal. You explain that everything they see has just been sold.You point out that railroad tracks divide the field into parallel sectors,like the lines on a football field,so that each stack of metal is no more than 4 m from a track. Each stack contains 390 pieces of metal. Each piece weighs 42 kg and is about a metre long;it's just over 10 cm wide and 10 cm deep. You tell the students that,working as a team,they are to pick up each piece,walk up a ramp to the railroad car positioned next to each stack,and then neatly position and stack the metal for shipment. A forklift cannot be used because the metal is not on wooden pallets (the pallets would be crushed). The only way to get the metal into the rail cars is for the students to carry it.Based on an old report from the last time the company sold some of the metal,you understand that over an eight-hour shift,workers typically loaded 30 to 31 pieces of metal parts per hour. At that pace,though,it will take your six students six weeks to load all of the metal;it must,however,be shipped in two weeks. So,without more workers (there's a hiring freeze)and without forklifts,all of the metal has to be loaded by hand by these six workers in two weeks.
Refer to Scenario 18-1. What advice should you,as the shift supervisor at the steel plant in charge of the six college students,take from the teachings of Frederick Taylor?

A)Look at how the task assigned influences the organizational goals. 
B)Scientifically train,teach,and develop these employees to help them reach their full potential. 
C)Use time and motion studies to create the most efficient work methodology. 
D)Rely on qualification-based hiring.

Question 79

One of Taylor's management principles concerned how workers should be selected.

Question 80

According to the principles of scientific management,work and the responsibility for the work should be divided equally between workers and management.