Deck 4: Cancer

Question 1

Mutation in the four genes that are responsible for the cell division can be _____.

A)acquired
B)caused by carcinogenics
C)inherited
D)inherited or acquired

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Uncontrolled cell division is the result of _____ in genes that play a role in cell division.

A)metastasizes
B)mutations
C)nodes
D)nuclei

Answer 2

B

Question 3

_____ secrete chemicals that cause pores to form in the membrane of abnormal cells, leading to cell death.

A)Cytotoxic T cells
B)Lymphotropics
C)Natural killer cells
D)Oncogenes

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The _____ increases the risk for cancers of the cervix, penis, vagina, anus, and vulva.

A)Epstein-Barr virus
B)Human herpesvirus 8
C)Human papillomavirus
D)Human T-lymphotrophic virus

Question 5

_____ tell cells when to divide.

A)DNA repair genes
B)Oncogenes
C)Suicide genes
D)Tumor suppressor genes

Question 6

The most important risk factor for cancer is _____.

A)growing older
B)infections
C)radiation
D)tobacco use

Question 7

Malignant tumors have a _____-like appearance and an irregular surface.

A)benign
B)crab
C)nerve
D)polyp

Question 8

Benign tumors have a _____.

A)rough surface and are asymmetrical
B)rough surface and are symmetrical
C)smooth surface and are asymmetrical
D)smooth surface and are symmetrical

Question 9

An osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor of _____

A)bone
B)kidney
C)liver
D)skin

Question 10

Benign tumors are _____, and remain localized.

A)life threatening, grow rapidly
B)life threatening, grow slowly
C)not life threatening, grow rapidly
D)not life threatening, grow slowly

Question 11

_____ is a scanning type of radiography that creates a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body.

A)Computed tomography
B)Magnetic resonance imaging
C)Radiography
D)Ultrasonography

Question 12

Mutations inherited from parent to child account for _____ of all cancers.

A)5-10%
B)10-20%
C)15-30%
D)20-40%

Question 13

_____ tell cells when not to divide.

A)DNA repair genes
B)Oncogenes
C)Suicide genes
D)Tumor suppressor genes

Question 14

Malignant tumors of the supportive tissue are named with the prefix that designates the cell or tissue of origin followed by the term _____.

A)adenoma
B)metastasize
C)neoplasm
D)sarcoma

Question 15

Cigarette smoking causes about _____ of all cancer deaths in the United States.

A)10%
B)30%
C)50%
D)70%

Question 16

Malignant tumors _____.

A)are encapsulated, making excision easier
B)are encapsulated, making excision more difficult
C)are not encapsulated, making excision easier
D)are not encapsulated, making excision more difficult

Question 17

More than 50% of all cancers involve an acquired mutation in the tumor suppressor gene _____.

A)antigen 125
B)BRCA1
C)BRCA2
D)p53

Question 18

_____ cause uncontrolled cell division that may result in cancer.

A)DNA repair genes
B)Oncogenes
C)Suicide genes
D)Tumor suppressor genes

Question 19

_____ is the use of x-rays to form a still or moving picture of the inside of the body.

A)Computed tomography
B)Magnetic resonance imaging
C)Radiography
D)Ultrasonography

Question 20

Cancer is the _____ most common cause of death in the United States.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 21

There are two main types of radiation linked to increased risk of cancer: ultraviolet and ionizing radiation.

Question 22

Part of a cancer diagnosis, _____ is helpful in making a prognosis of the disease.

A)chemotherapy
B)grading
C)radiation
D)staging

Question 23

Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body.

Question 24

_____ of all people with cancer receive radiation therapy as part of their cancer treatment.

A)About 25%
B)About 50%
C)About 75%
D)100%

Question 25

_____ of cancer patients receive chemotherapy treatment.

A)About 25%
B)About 50%
C)About 75%
D)100%

Question 26

_____ is classifying a tumor based on its size and the extent of its spread.

A)Chemotherapy
B)Grading
C)Radiation
D)Staging

Question 27

Sarcomas metastasize primarily through the blood.

Question 28

The side effects of chemotherapy are _____.

A)permanent and cannot be treated
B)permanent but can often be treated
C)temporary and can often be treated
D)temporary but cannot be treated

Question 29

Helicobacter pylori increases the risk for gastric cancer.

Question 30

A benign tumor may grow and enlarge in an area but will not invade surrounding tissue or spread to other parts of the body.

Question 31

Tumor markers are produced by _____.

A)both normal cells and tumor cells
B)neither normal cells or tumor cells
C)normal cells only
D)tumor cells only

Question 32

Malignant tumors are generally graded on a scale of _____.

A)A to D
B)gray to black
C)one to four
D)small to large

Question 33

Tumors that are classified as cancer are called benign.

Question 34

Most benign tumors are named by adding the suffix -itis to the prefix that designates the cell or tissue origin.

Question 35

During _____, high-frequency sound waves are reflected off internal tissues to produce an image.

A)computed tomography
B)magnetic resonance imaging
C)radiography
D)ultrasonography

Question 36

Malignant tumors are staged to _____.

A)ascertain whether it has metastasized
B)determine the diagnosis
C)develop a treatment plan
D)identify the type of tumor

Question 37

Under a microscope the cells of a malignant tumor do not resemble cells of their origin.

Question 38

An adenocarcinoma is a malignant tumor of a gland.

Question 39

_____ cancers are preventable.

A)One-quarter of all
B)One-third of all
C)One-half of all
D)All

Question 40

Both specific and nonspecific immunity are involved in the elimination of abnormal cells, such as cancer.

Question 41

In the TNM staging system, the letter "N" stands for _____.

Question 42

Mutations can be caused by _____ or cancer-causing agents or substances.

Question 43

Suicide genes control _____ (programmed cell death)and tell the cell to kill itself if something goes wrong.

Question 44

Malignant tumors of epithelial origin are named with the prefix that designates the cell or tissue of origin, followed by the term _____.

Question 45

The signs and symptoms of cancer will depend on the location of the tumor, its size, and how much it affects the organs or tissues in the area.

Question 46

Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viruses increase the risk for _____ cancer.

Question 47

In most cases a _____ must be done for a cancer diagnosis by taking a small tissue sample to be viewed under a microscope.

Question 48

Magnetic _____ imaging is a type of scanning that uses magnetic fields, not x-rays, to induce tissues to emit radio waves.

Question 49

The mechanism of all cancers is uncontrolled cell _____.

Question 50

Tumor _____ are chemicals made by tumor cells that can be detected in blood.

Question 51

A benign tumor that projects from an epithelial surface is called a _____.

Question 52

Tumors that are not cancer are called _____

Question 53

Because the immune system should recognize and destroy mutated cells, cancer may indicate a failure of the immune system.

Question 54

Immunosuppressive medications decrease immune function and therefore decrease the risk for development of cancer.

Question 55

Abnormal cancer cells can infiltrate normal body tissue and in some cases spread or _____.

Question 56

Inherited mutations in the tumor suppressor BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes increase a woman's risk of developing breast or _____ cancer.

Question 57

Particular viruses and bacteria can serve as carcinogens.

Question 58

The result of uncontrolled cell division is an abnormal growth of cells or a tumor, known as a _____.

Question 59

DNA repair genes instruct a cell to repair DNA and RNA.

Question 60

_____ tumors rarely reoccur after removal.