Deck 9: Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Question 1

Meiosis is a process that produces

A) sperm cells.
B) egg cells.
C) gametes.
D) haploid cells.
E) All answers are correct.

Answer 1

E
Explanation: The purpose of meiosis is to reduce cells to haploidy and to create new combinations of alleles.

Question 2

After the completion of meiosis in human males,a diploid germ cell has produced cells with half the original chromosome number,generating ________ haploid cells.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 23
E) 46

Answer 2

C
Explanation: Since meiosis starts with a diploid cell that has replicated its DNA to yield four sets of chromosomes, four haploid cells would have to be the result.

Question 3

2n is an abbreviation for

A) diploid.
B) gametes.
C) haploid.
D) mitosis.
E) meiosis.

Answer 3

A
Explanation: In "2n,'' the '2' refers to the number of copies of chromosomes and the ''n'' refers to whole sets of chromosomes.

Question 4

Sexual reproduction includes

A) mitosis, fission, and fertilization.
B) mitosis, meiosis, and budding.
C) meiosis, fertilization, and mitosis.
D) meiosis, fertilization, and transduction.
E) fertilization, fission, and meiosis.

Question 5

A diploid germ cell will produce cells with half the number of chromosomes,haploid cells,in 

A) fertilization.
B) mitosis.
C) meiosis.
D) replication.
E) mutation.

Question 6

If human gametes were diploid

A) the products of fertilization would have the same number of chromosomes as their parents.
B) the products of fertilization would have fewer chromosomes than their parents.
C) fertilization could not occur.
D) the products of fertilization would have more chromosomes than their parents.
E) the embryo would be diploid.

Question 7

The chromosomal designation for a human male is

A) XX.
B) XO.
C) XY.
D) YY.
E) XXX.

Question 8

If you were looking at a set of human chromosomes under the microscope,you would know when you saw the X chromosome in part because it is 

A) larger than the Y chromosome.
B) smaller than the Y chromosome.
C) the same size as the Y chromosome.
D) genetically identical to the Y chromosome.
E) larger and genetically identical to the Y chromosome.

Question 9

Diploid means having

A) one homologous set of chromosomes.
B) three homologous sets of chromosomes.
C) two homologous sets of chromosomes.
D) two chromosomes in each somatic cell.
E) two chromosomes in each gamete.

Question 10

1n is an abbreviation for

A) haploid.
B) somatic cells.
C) diploid.
D) mitosis.
E) meiosis.

Question 11

A zygote is

A) a haploid cell.
B) a gamete.
C) a direct product of meiosis.
D) a diploid cell.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 12

The human chromosomes that do not determine an individual's sex are

A) not found in pairs.
B) the "X" and "Y" chromosomes.
C) autosomes.
D) sex chromosomes.
E) No answer is correct.

Question 13

If you were looking at a diagram of the male human body and were asked to locate the germ cells,you would point to the 

A) bone marrow.
B) blood.
C) brain.
D) skin.
E) testes.

Question 14

Human diploid cells have

A) 23 pairs of chromosomes.
B) 23 chromosomes.
C) 46 pairs of chromosomes.
D) 2 pairs of sex chromosomes.
E) 1 pair of autosomes.

Question 15

Sexual reproduction is important to the survival of a species in a changing environment because

A) it requires less overall energy expenditure than asexual reproduction.
B) it produces genetically different individuals.
C) it requires only one individual.
D) it produces genetically identical individuals.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 16

Mitotic cell division creates identical copies by replicating a cell's DNA ________ and then dividing ________.

A) once; twice
B) twice; once
C) twice; twice
D) once; once
E) No answer is correct.

Question 17

The process that merges the gametes from two parents is

A) fertilization.
B) meiosis.
C) mitosis.
D) mutation.
E) conjugation.

Question 18

The chromosomal designation for a human female is

A) XYY.
B) XY.
C) YY.
D) XX.
E) No answer is correct.

Question 19

Chromosomes that look alike and carry the same genes are

A) the X and Y chromosome.
B) heterologous chromosomes.
C) homologous chromosomes.
D) found in females only.
E) found in males only.

Question 20

Meiotic cell division replicates a cell's DNA ________ and then divides ________.

A) twice; once
B) once; twice
C) twice; twice
D) once; once
E) No answer is correct.

Question 21

Nondisjunction may cause

A) trisomy 21.
B) Turner syndrome.
C) Jacobs syndrome.
D) Klinefelter syndrome.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 22

If a diploid cell goes through mitosis it will generate

A) four haploid cells.
B) two diploid cells.
C) two haploid cells.
D) four diploid cells.
E) This is not possible.

Question 23

What process leads to siblings only sharing,on average,25% of their genetic material?

A) asexual reproduction
B) semiconservative replication
C) random fertilization
D) random orientation
E) mutation

Question 24

In meiosis,homologous chromosomes align next to one another during

A) interphase I.
B) metaphase II.
C) prophase I.
D) metaphase I.
E) prophase II.

Question 25

A cell having one or more complete sets of extra chromosomes

A) cannot be produced by meiosis.
B) cannot participate in fertilization.
C) is polyploid.
D) is haploid.
E) is dizygotic.

Question 26

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

A) genetic variability during an ecological disaster
B) genetic variability when the environment is stable
C) faster reproduction
D) requirement of less energy
E) simpler form of reproduction

Question 27

The Y chromosome

A) is larger than the X chromosome.
B) contains more genes than the X chromosome.
C) is the same size as the X chromosome.
D) is smaller than the X chromosome.
E) is genetically identical to the X chromosome.

Question 28

If a haploid cell goes through mitosis it will generate

A) two haploid cells.
B) two diploid cells.
C) four haploid cells.
D) four diploid cells.
E) No answer is correct.

Question 29

If a haploid cell goes through meiosis it will generate

A) four haploid cells.
B) two diploid cells.
C) two haploid cells.
D) four diploid cells.
E) No answer is correct.

Question 30

When a diploid germ cell in a male goes through meiosis,it will generate

A) two haploid cells.
B) four diploid cells.
C) two diploid cells.
D) four haploid cells.
E) This is not possible.

Question 31

Sexual reproduction and meiosis generate genetic variability by

A) random fertilization.
B) crossing over.
C) random alignment.
D) All answers are correct.

Question 32

Genes A and B are on the same chromosome.If a person has one chromosome with the alleles AB and a second chromosome with the alleles ab,how could they produce a gamete with a chromosome containing the alleles Ab or aB?

A) independent assortment
B) random fertilization
C) mitosis
D) fragmentation of the chromosome
E) crossing over

Question 33

Why is it essential that meiosis produce haploid cells?

A) so that the number of chromosomes will double each generation
B) to produce haploid offspring
C) to prevent the number of chromosomes from doubling each generation
D) to produce diploid gametes
E) to allow asexual reproduction

Question 34

When chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis,this is known as

A) crossing over.
B) nondisjunction.
C) translocation.
D) random separation.
E) mitosis.

Question 35

If you were told that you would get extra credit for finding a model showing chromsomes separating while sister chromatids were still attached,you would look for a model of 

A) prophase I.
B) prophase II.
C) anaphase I.
D) metaphase I.
E) anaphase II.

Question 36

Alternate forms of the same gene

A) do not exist.
B) are alleles.
C) are homologs.
D) are sister chromatids.
E) do not occur in the same individual.

Question 37

People who have a single X chromosome are female,while those with XXY sex chromosomes are males.In order to be a female,a human

A) must have two X chromosomes.
B) cannot have a Y chromosome.
C) must have only one X chromosome.
D) must have only one Y chromosome.
E) cannot have an X chromosome.

Question 38

Genes A and B are on the same chromosome.What gametes could an individual with the allele combination AABB produce?

A) AABB
B) A
C) AB
D) B
E) AAB

Question 39

In meiosis,DNA replicates during

A) prophase I.
B) prophase II.
C) interphase prior to meiosis II.
D) interphase prior to meiosis I.
E) both prophase I and prophase II.

Question 40

The process by which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material

A) is crossing over.
B) is random fertilization.
C) occurs only in bacteria.
D) occurs only in animals.
E) is independent assortment.

Question 41

In the presence of parasites,a hermaphroditic roundworm will reproduce

A) sexually, producing varied offspring
B) sexually, producing identical offspring
C) asexually, producing identical offspring
D) asexually, producing varied offspring
E) None of the above are correct.

Question 42

Which of the following will occur in meiosis but not in mitosis?

A) metaphase
B) cytokinesis
C) crossing over
D) DNA replication
E) chromosome condensation

Question 43

Mitosis occurs in somatic cells throughout life.

Question 44

Researchers exposed the microscopic roundworm, Caenorhabditis elegans,to disease causing bacteria.The roundworm can reproduce either asexually or sexually. In the presence of live bacteria,more roundworms reproduced sexually,and the resulting offspring were

A) unique, giving the roundworms a better chance of survival.
B) identical, giving the roundworms a better chance for survival.
C) identical, giving the bacteria a greater chance to kill the entire round worm population.
D) unique, giving the roundworms a more energy-conserving type of reproduction.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 45

If you mate a donkey (2n = 62)with a horse (2n = 64)you get a mule.Mules are sterile and cannot produce gametes by meiosis because they

A) contain too few chromosomes.
B) have an odd number of chromosomes.
C) have an even number of chromosomes.
D) contain too many chromosomes.
E) lack genes that are essential for life.

Question 46

If a diploid sperm fertilizes a diploid egg it will produce a ________ zygote.

A) triploid
B) tetraploid
C) diploid
D) haploid
E) hexaploid

Question 47

Haploid germ cells undergo meiosis,including crossing over,to produce sex cells. 

Question 48

Identical twins result from a single fertilization to form a zygote,which then splits in half.

Question 49

Meiosis generates genetic variability by crossing over of homologous chromosomes in haploid somatic cells.

Question 50

The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans is a hermaphrodite and can only undergo sexual reproduction.

Question 51

Genetic variability will not occur among offspring if crossing over does not occur during prophase I of meiosis.

Question 52

What two processes result in genetically different products?

A) mitosis and meiosis
B) mitosis and asexual reproduction
C) meiosis and asexual reproduction
D) meiosis and sexual reproduction
E) mitosis and sexual reproduction

Question 53

If a chromosome in one of your bone cells becomes mutated,you will not pass this mutation onto your children because

A) somatic cells cannot undergo mitosis.
B) germ cells cannot undergo meiosis.
C) germ cells cannot undergo mitosis.
D) somatic cells cannot undergo meiosis.

Question 54

What creates genetically different offspring in both asexual and sexual reproduction?

A) mutations
B) mitosis
C) meiosis
D) mutations and mitosis
E) mitosis and meiosis

Question 55

Genetic information is passed from one generation to the next through

A) DNA.
B) asexual reproduction.
C) sexual reproduction.
D) gametes.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 56

If a human zygote has either 45 or 47 chromosomes it was caused by random fertilization.

Question 57

Genetic variability will not occur among offspring if random alignment does not occur during anaphase I of meiosis.

Question 58

Fraternal twins (dizygotic)result from the fertilization of

A) two eggs and two sperm.
B) two eggs and one sperm.
C) one egg and two sperm.
D) one egg and one sperm.
E) two eggs and one sperm OR one egg and two sperm.