Deck 27: The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

Question 1

The large vessels of the circulatory system that carry blood away from the heart are

A) veins.
B) capillaries.
C) arteries.
D) lymph vessels.
E) sieve tubes.

Answer 1

C
Explanation: Arteries usually carry oxygenated blood, unless they are carrying blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

Question 2

The two largest veins of the body that deliver blood to the right atrium are the

A) pulmonary vein and inferior vena cava.
B) superior vena cava and pulmonary vein.
C) aorta and inferior vena cava.
D) inferior vena cava and superior vena cava.
E) aorta and superior vena cava.

Answer 2

D
Explanation: The inferior and superior vena cava bring deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower parts of the body, respectively, to the heart.

Question 3

The chambers of the heart that push blood to the lungs or body are the ventricles. 

Answer 3

True
Explanation: The ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart.

Question 4

If you were given a piece of a cow's heart and told that it was one of the thicker-walled chambers,you would know that you had an atrium.

Question 5

Which is an artery that supplies blood to the heart muscle?

A) aorta
B) coronary artery
C) carotid artery
D) superior vena cava
E) inferior vena cava

Question 6

If you exercised more and more intensely over two months,your resting heart rate would decrease.

Question 7

Vertebrates with a three-chambered heart include

A) fish.
B) amphibians.
C) birds.
D) mammals.
E) annelids.

Question 8

The small vessels from which water and dissolved substances diffuse between the blood and interstitial fluid are

A) arteries.
B) veins.
C) lymph vessels.
D) capillaries.
E) sieve tubes.

Question 9

The chamber of the heart that is the most powerful is the

A) left atrium.
B) left ventricle.
C) right atrium.
D) right ventricle.
E) No answer is correct.

Question 10

The upper chambers of the mammalian heart are the

A) ventricles.
B) arteries.
C) vascular cavities.
D) atria.
E) sinuses.

Question 11

The large vessels that carry blood to the heart are

A) arteries.
B) veins.
C) capillaries.
D) lymph vessels.
E) sieve tubes.

Question 12

The walls of the right ventricle are thicker than those of the left ventricle.

Question 13

Vertebrates with a four-chambered heart include

A) fishes.
B) mollusks.
C) birds.
D) amphibians.
E) annelids.

Question 14

The largest artery in the body is the

A) coronary artery.
B) superior vena cava.
C) aorta.
D) pulmonary artery.
E) carotid artery.

Question 15

The simplest animals with a closed circulatory system are

A) birds.
B) amphibians.
C) annelids.
D) fishes.
E) reptiles.

Question 16

Blood

A) is a liquid connective tissue.
B) delivers food to the cells of the body.
C) delivers oxygen to the cells of the body.
D) helps remove wastes from the body.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 17

Vertebrates with a two-chambered heart include

A) mollusks.
B) reptiles.
C) birds.
D) fishes.
E) mammals.

Question 18

Each day the human heart sends a volume of blood equal to about ________ through the body.

A) 50,000 liters
B) 1,000 liters
C) 7,000 liters
D) 2,000 liters
E) 5,000 liters

Question 19

Blood that reaches the heart tissue via the coronary artery has more oxygen in it than the tissue itself.

Question 20

If you exercised more and more intensely over two months,your heart would be able to pump out more and more blood with each stroke.

Question 21

Cardiac output may increase by

A) both a lower than normal stroke volume and greater than normal heart rate.
B) a lower than normal stroke volume only.
C) a lower than normal heart rate only.
D) a greater than normal stroke volume only.
E) both a greater than normal stroke volume and heart rate.

Question 22

At the capillaries,________ leaves red blood cells and ________ enters the circulation.

A) nitrogen; oxygen
B) carbon dioxide; oxygen
C) carbon dioxide; nitrogen
D) oxygen; carbon dioxide
E) sodium; oxygen

Question 23

If asked to label a large blood vessel found mostly below the diaphragm,you would label it as the 

A) brachial artery.
B) pulmonary vein.
C) inferior vena cava.
D) superior vena cava.
E) jugular vein.

Question 24

If you were dealing with a patient who repeatedly had trouble with excessive bleeding,you might consider giving the patient a transfusion containing 

A) leukocytes.
B) red blood cells.
C) platelets.
D) cartilage cells.
E) bone cells.

Question 25

If you came across a description of cellular components of blood that destroy foreign substances,you would be reading about 

A) red blood cells.
B) cartilage cells.
C) platelets.
D) leukocytes.
E) bone cells.

Question 26

If you had a patient with blood improperly draining from all areas above the diaphragm,you would suspect a problem with the 

A) femoral vein.
B) superior vena cava.
C) pulmonary vein.
D) inferior vena cava.
E) jugular vein.

Question 27

The force that blood exerts on blood vessel walls is termed

A) venous pressure.
B) gravitational pressure.
C) blood pressure.
D) osmotic pressure.
E) pulmonary pressure.

Question 28

Systolic pressure reflects the force caused by the

A) contraction of the atria.
B) relaxation of the atria.
C) relaxation of the ventricles.
D) contraction of the ventricles.
E) heart rate.

Question 29

The cellular components of blood that transport oxygen are

A) leukocytes.
B) red blood cells.
C) platelets.
D) cartilage cells.
E) bone cells.

Question 30

The middle layer of the wall of an artery or vein,allowing it to withstand and modify blood pressure, is

A) connective tissue.
B) skeletal muscle.
C) smooth muscle.
D) endothelium.
E) simple squamous epithelial cells.

Question 31

The protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen is

A) myoglobin.
B) actin.
C) fibrinogen.
D) hemoglobin.
E) myosin.

Question 32

The liquid matrix of blood is

A) interstitial fluid.
B) water.
C) cytosol.
D) plasma.
E) lymph.

Question 33

The capillary wall consists only of

A) a single layer of epithelial cells.
B) connective tissue.
C) cardiac muscle.
D) smooth muscle.
E) a single layer of epithelial cells covered by smooth muscle.

Question 34

Blood pressure is the force that

A) interstitial fluid exerts on the walls of the arteries.
B) blood exerts on the walls of the ventricles of the heart.
C) blood exerts on the walls of the arteries.
D) interstitial fluid exerts on the walls of the veins.
E) blood exerts on the walls of the atruims of the heart.

Question 35

A heartbeat begins in the

A) atrioventricular valve.
B) atrioventricular node.
C) sinoatrial node.
D) right ventricle.
E) left atrium.

Question 36

The widening of blood vessels is

A) vasoconstriction.
B) cardioconstriction.
C) vasodilation.
D) cardiodilation.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 37

A heart murmur is caused by

A) a greater-than-normal force of contraction of the right atrium.
B) a constriction of the pulmonary artery.
C) blockage of the aorta.
D) the heart valves not functioning properly.
E) a greater-than-normal force of contraction of the left atrium.

Question 38

You are a medical student on rounds with your instructor,and you are told to help measure blood pressure,so you hand the instructor a(n) 

A) barometer and stethoscope.
B) stethoscope and sphygmomanometer.
C) barometer and sphygmomanometer.
D) hygrometer and sphygmomanometer.
E) hygrometer and barometer.

Question 39

Diastolic pressure reflects the

A) contraction of the atria.
B) contraction of the ventricles.
C) relaxation of the ventricles.
D) relaxation of the atria.
E) heart rate.

Question 40

The narrowing of blood vessels is

A) vasoconstriction.
B) cardioconstriction.
C) vasodilation.
D) cardiodilation.
E) No answer is correct.

Question 41

A dual-chamber pacemaker is surgically placed in a patient's chest.Wires then carry pulses to the right atrium and the right ventricle.How would the pulses be directed from the pacemaker to the heart?

A) Only the ventricle would be stimulated.
B) The ventricle would be stimulated first and then the atrium.
C) Both the atrium and ventricle would be stimulated simultaneously.
D) Only the atrium would be stimulated.
E) The atrium would be stimulated first and then the ventricle.

Question 42

Which drugs would be prescribed to a person who has high blood pressure?

A) aspirin
B) a beta-blocker
C) a beta-blocker and a diuretic
D) a diuretic
E) aspirin and a diuretic

Question 43

A whole blood cell transfusion would be used to treat which of the following?

A) arrhythmia
B) aneurysm
C) anemia
D) heart attack due to atherosclerosis
E) tachycardia

Question 44

A dual-chamber pacemaker is surgically placed in a patient's chest.Wires then carry pulses to the right atrium and the right ventricle.Why would the pulses be carried to the right chambers of the heart and not the left chambers?

A) The left chambers are reduced or absent in many subadults.
B) The right chambers of the heart are weaker and need more stimulation.
C) Only the right chambers of the heart need to contract to move blood to the lungs.
D) It is easier to run the wires from the pacemaker through the vena cava.
E) Once the right chambers are activated the pulse will be carried to the left chambers.

Question 45

Which is the correct order for the time required to replace each blood component from shortest to longest?

A) plasma, red blood cell, platelet
B) platelet, red blood cell, plasma
C) red blood cell, platelet, plasma
D) plasma, platelet, red blood cell
E) red blood cell, plasma, platelet

Question 46

Why would exercise help your blood circulation in your legs?

A) As muscles contract they squeeze blood through the veins and increased heart rate pushes more blood into the legs.
B) Increased heart rate pushes more blood into the legs only.
C) As muscles contract they squeeze blood through the veins only.
D) Exercise increases the amount of red blood cells only.
E) Exercise increases the amount of red blood cells and increased heart rate pushes more blood into the legs.

Question 47

If blood pressure is too high,the brain ________ heart rate and causes blood vessels to ________.

A) increases; dilate
B) increases; constrict
C) decreases; constrict
D) decreases; dilate
E) increases; rupture

Question 48

The human circulatory system transports blood in a one-directional circuit throughout the body.

Question 49

A clumping reaction caused by antibodies in the blood plasma is

A) clotting.
B) agglutination.
C) constriction.
D) atherosclerosis.
E) inflammation.

Question 50

A defibrillator contains two paddles that are placed on a person's chest and through which an electrical shock is administered.What is this procedure treating?

A) aneurysm
B) heart attack due to atherosclerosis
C) anemia
D) tachycardia
E) arrhythmia

Question 51

Which drugs would be prescribed to a person who is at risk of forming a blood clot?

A) a beta-blocker
B) aspirin
C) a diuretic
D) a beta-blocker and a diuretic
E) aspirin and a diuretic

Question 52

What mutations occurred in most ice fish that prevent production of hemoglobin?

A) fragmentation of both hemoglobin genes
B) deletion of one hemoglobin gene and fragmentation of the other hemoglobin gene
C) deletion of both hemoglobin genes
D) duplication of both hemoglobin genes
E) duplication of one hemoglobin gene and fragmentation of the other hemoglobin gene

Question 53

A valve replacement would prevent the flow of blood from the

A) right atrium to right ventricle.
B) left ventricle to the aorta.
C) inferior vena cava to the right atrium.
D) right ventricle to right atrium.
E) right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.

Question 54

Birds and mammals are endotherms,meaning they spend enormous amounts of energy maintaining a constant body temperature.To meet these energy needs,birds and mammals independently evolved four-chambered hearts,completing the separation of oxygen-rich from oxygen-depleted blood.How would this maximize the amount of oxygen reaching tissues?

A) Diffusion of oxygen from oxygenated blood into tissues would be increased.
B) Diffusion of oxygen from oxygenated blood into tissues would be decreased.
C) Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the blood.
D) Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the tissues.
E) Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the lungs.

Question 55

How do ice fish transport oxygen in their blood?

A) in red blood cells
B) in white blood cells
C) in platelets
D) in plasma
E) on hemoglobin

Question 56

Ice fish would have which kind of circulatory systems?

A) closed with a two-chambered heart
B) open
C) closed with a single-chambered heart
D) closed with a three-chambered heart
E) closed with a four-chambered heart

Question 57

When taking a person's blood pressure,after proper inflation of the cuff,the first pulse sound that is heard through the stethoscope indicates that blood is flowing through the artery past the cuff.The reading on the pressure gauge at this point indicates

A) that the heart is once again beating.
B) the force of contraction of the atria.
C) diastolic pressure.
D) venous pressure.
E) systolic pressure.

Question 58

Why could you donate plasma twice a week?

A) Plasma contains only proteins and fluid which can be replaced quickly.
B) Plasma contains platelets which can be replaced quickly.
C) Plasma contains red blood cells which can be replaced quickly.
D) Plasma contains only water and can be rapidly replaced.
E) Plasma is regenerated from the blood cells injected back into the donor.

Question 59

Fish would have the highest concentration of oxygen in their blood as it

A) left their systemic circulation.
B) left their heart.
C) entered their heart.
D) left their lungs.
E) left their gills.

Question 60

A person has a blood type of A.They could receive a whole blood transfusion from which donors?

A) A only
B) O only
C) B only
D) either A or O
E) either B or O

Question 61

The upper respiratory tract is composed of

A) the nose, pharynx, and trachea.
B) the nose, larynx, and trachea.
C) the nose, trachea, and lungs.
D) the nose, pharynx, and larynx.
E) the nose and pharynx.

Question 62

In a closed circulatory system,the heart pumps fluid through open-ended vessels into spaces where the fluid bathes the body's cells.

Question 63

The walls of the bronchioles are made up of

A) cartilage.
B) smooth muscle.
C) cartilage and smooth muscle.
D) cartilage and skeletal muscle.
E) skeletal muscle.

Question 64

If a bird can mimic human speech,it can mimic the action of what organ?

A) pharynx
B) larynx
C) trachea
D) glottis
E) uvula

Question 65

Irritants,such as cigarette smoke,cause the walls of the alveoli to tear,thereby reducing the surface area for gas exchange.A respiratory disease caused by long-term exposure to such irritants is 

A) anemia.
B) asthma.
C) emphysema.
D) artherosclerosis.
E) aneurysm.

Question 66

The scientific name of the "windpipe" is the

A) larynx.
B) pharynx.
C) vocal cords.
D) esophagus.
E) trachea.

Question 67

An increase in the number of red blood cells is called anemia.

Question 68

In the systemic circulation,________ is expelled from the blood and ________ is picked up.

A) oxygen; nitrogen
B) carbon dioxide; nitrogen
C) carbon dioxide; oxygen
D) oxygen; carbon dioxide
E) nitrogen; oxygen

Question 69

Capillary beds are networks of capillaries that connect arterioles and venules.

Question 70

Which of the following is not a main function of the upper respiratory system?

A) sense of smell
B) gas exchange between the lungs and the atmosphere
C) production of sounds
D) transport of oxygen to the cells of the body
E) maintaining blood pH homeostasis

Question 71

One of the main reasons that we exhale a higher percentage of carbon dioxide than we inhale is that

A) we use carbon dioxide to make glucose.
B) we produce carbon dioxide as a byproduct of aerobic respiration.
C) we produce carbon dioxide as a byproduct of transmission of nerve impulses across synapses.
D) carbon dioxide is a byproduct of photosynthesis.
E) carbon dioxide dissolves better in blood than does oxygen.

Question 72

Which main tissue type of the circulatory system enables diffusion across walls of capillaries?

A) connective
B) nervous
C) muscle
D) vascular
E) epithelial

Question 73

In aquatic organisms,highly folded structures that exchange gases directly with water are

A) spicules.
B) alveoli.
C) tracheae.
D) gills.
E) spiracles.

Question 74

Aerobic respiration consumes ________ gas and generates ________ gas as a waste product.

A) oxygen; carbon dioxide
B) nitrogen; carbon dioxide
C) carbon dioxide; nitrogen
D) oxygen; nitrogen
E) carbon dioxide; oxygen

Question 75

If you wanted to change airflow to alveoli,what tissue would you need to target?

A) connective
B) nonvascular
C) muscle
D) nervous
E) vascular

Question 76

The signal for the heart to contract begins at the sinoatrial node.

Question 77

In the pulmonary circulation,________ is expelled from the blood and ________ is picked up.

A) nitrogen; oxygen
B) oxygen; carbon dioxide
C) oxygen; nitrogen
D) carbon dioxide; nitrogen
E) carbon dioxide; oxygen

Question 78

A decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is called anemia.

Question 79

ATP is required by cells to provide power for

A) DNA replication.
B) movement.
C) production of proteins.
D) growth.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 80

In mammals,a muscular ________ expands the chest,pulling air into the lungs.

A) chest cavity
B) rib cage
C) trachea
D) diaphragm
E) sternum